At the White Coat Ceremony, first-year medical students received their medical jackets and swore, marking a transition into the world of medicine. This historic ceremony was especially moving as it meant a new era of inclusion of Native Americans entering medicine.
On July 31, 2020, 54 future doctors were welcomed to the College of Osteopathic Medicine at the Cherokee Nation, the first ever tribally affiliated (部落附属的) medical school in the US. Within this first Class of 2024, 20 percent are of Native American heritage, while 40 percent come from rural communities.
The Cherokee Nation paid $40 million for the construction of the medical school, a modern 84,000-square-foot facility. Construction on the site is expected to be completed this year. The campus officially sits on Cherokee tribal land, but four other tribal nations agreed to share the burden of supporting the new institution. The five native nations have promised to provide financial backing for scholarships, as well as allowing students to make use of tribal clinics for clinical rotations (换班).
Student Ashton Glover-Gatewood, a member of the Choctaw Nation and first year medical student said, “Being able to practice within Indian Health Service allows me to serve a great need in my own native community. Not only is a trusting relationship promoted by patients having access to medical doctors who look like them, but also higher quality of health care delivery can be enjoyed by both patients and physicians.”
As the first ever tribally affiliated medical school, the program aims to shape future doctors to work with communities who have lacked medical care and resources. By focusing on community-based, holistic (整体的) frameworks, it is clear that the school is well on the way to training medical professionals who can fulfill that mission.
Having a focus on giving back and cultural sensitivity, the Class of 2024 put on their white coats with a vision to make a positive impact.
1. Where do scholarships come from?| A．Native American heritage. | B．Incomes of tribal clinics. |
| C．The five native nations. | D．Cherokee tribal land. |
| A．The urgency of developing good relationship. |
| B．The toughness for patients to access medical doctors. |
| C．The advantages of training medical students like him. |
| D．The importance of higher quality of health care delivery. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Approving. | C．Objective. | D．Ambiguous. |
| A．The White Coat Ceremony Matters a Lot to Natives |
| B．Native Americans Entering Medicine Is Significant |
| C．54 Students Enter the College of Osteopathic Medicine |
| D．First Tribally Affiliated Medical School Opens in the US |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world. When it comes to cancer, the sooner you know you have it, the better your chances of surviving will be. A new blood test could change the way doctors and researchers find cancer in patients.
Scientists at the University of Swansea in Wales came up with the idea. Gareth Jenkins is a professor at the university. He says he and his team did not look for cancer. They instead looked for the collateral damage, the damage left by the disease. In this case, it was mutated（突变的）red blood cells（细胞）-a by-product of the cancer developing.
The researchers used normal laboratory tools to perform the tests. The tools look for changes in millions of red blood cells. Those mutated cells don’t have a surface protein that healthy cells normally have. “The number of mutated red blood cells in a healthy person is around 5 or so per million. The number increases in cancer patients-they go up to 40 or 50 on average,” says Jenkins.
The researchers tested blood from about 300 people, all of whom have cancer of the esophagus （食道）, Patients with this kind of cancer have high levels of mutated red blood cells. Jenkins says that at this point he is not sure if other cancers would produce similar results.
The hope is that the new test could one day become part of commonly used medical methods. The professor says that using a series of tests will be the best way to find out if a person has cancer. “A series of tests, based on different principles looking at blood, breath and etc. will be the best way of getting a good view of whether someone might or might not have cancer.” These new methods could save millions of lives.
1. What does the author want to say in Paragraph 1?| A．Cancer won’t be a big health problem soon. |
| B．Blood test will be the best way to find cancer. |
| C．Most cancers cannot be treated successfully now. |
| D．Time plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. |
| A．extra | B．serious | C．main | D．lasting |
| A．Do a series of tests on breath. | B．Look at millions of red blood cells. |
| C．Find how many cells have mutated. | D．Record the by-products of the tests. |
| A．Changes caused by cancer. | B．A new method to find cancer. |
| C．A new kind of medicine to treat cancer. | D．Mutated red blood cells in cancer patients. |
【推荐2】In a high-tech lab on John’s Hopkins University’s Homewood campus in Maryland, engineers have been building a robot that may be able to stitch (缝针) back together the broken tissues in your stomach and even your brain, no doctor needed.
The robot has a high-tech camera on one arm and a high-tech sewing machine on a second arm. The goal is to develop, in the next several years, a robot that makes the delicate work more consistent.
The robot, known as Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot, or STAR, which is run by a highly advanced computer program, will advance technology currently in wide use in operating rooms. The robot completes about a stitch a minute, slightly slower than a human surgeon. But the tests so far have shown more consistency than what the humans can achieve.
Long hours of traditional surgery can cause human hands to get tired and tremble, which may cause accidents during an operation. Robert Langer, an engineer, said the robotic arm could change the way surgeries are done. He has helped found dozens of biotech companies including Galen Robotics. The robotic arm being developed by Hopkins engineers is this company’s product.
Galen CEO Bruce Lichorowic compared the robotic arm to future for surgeons, saying it increases their stability, reduces tiredness and prevents cramps (抽搐) during long surgeries, all of which lead to safer surgeries.
Galen Robotics has its roots in research from Johns Hopkins University, but the company had been based in Silicon Valley until 2019. “The company currently employs about 40 people, about half of whom have advanced degrees from Johns Hopkins,” said Lichorowic, adding that the company plans to grow to 60 positions by the end of the year.
Galen’s robotic arm is not for sale yet, but Lichorowic said the company expects to submit an application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) later this year.
1. What can STAR do?| A．Shorten operation time. | B．Replace human surgeons. |
| C．Make operations smooth. | D．Advance medical studies. |
| A．Flexible. | B．High-cost. | C．Promising. | D．Unpredictable. |
| A．It is sponsored by John’s Hopkins University. | B．It still has its base in Silicon Valley now. |
| C．Its robot arm will be released later this year. | D．It is scheduled to expand within this year. |
| A．Mind & Brain. | B．Health & Technology. | C．Business & Investment. | D．Physics & Medicine. |
【推荐3】A chemical signal from the liver, caused by exercise, helps elderly mice keep their brains sharp, suggests a recent study. Understanding this liver — to — brain signal may help scientists develop a drug that benefits the brain the way exercise does.
Lots of studies have shown that exercise helps the brain, decreasing the memory declines that come with old age. Scientists have long looked for ways to get elderly people unable to work out to have the same benefits.
Saul Villeda, a neuroscientist at the University of California. and his colleagues focused on the fitness effects of blood from young mice. They injected inactive elderly mice with plasma（血浆）from elderly mice that had regularly exercised. After eight injections over 24 days, the former performed better on memory tasks than elderly mice that received no injections.
Examining the plasma of exercised mice showed an abundance of proteins（蛋白质） produced by the liver. The researchers closely studied one of these liver proteins, called GPLD1. GPLD1 is an enzyme （.酶）— It lets other proteins off the outsides of cells, releasing those proteins to go do other jobs. "Getting the liver to produce this one enzyme can actually gain all the beneficial effects we see in the brain with exercise,” Villeda says.
But the role of GPLD1 is far from settled, says Irina Conboy, a researcher at the University of California. There's evidence that GPLD1 levels are higher in people with diabetes（糖尿病）,she points out, indicating that the protein may have negative effects. “And different experiments suggest that GPLD1 levels might actually fall in response to certain kinds of exercise in rats with diabetes.” she notes. "We know for sure that exercise is good for you, and that this protein is present in the blood. But whether it's good or bad, no one knows for sure. ”
1. What is the role of exercise in achieving the liver — to — brain signal?| A．It promotes blood circulation. |
| B．It maintains the health of liver. |
| C．It speeds up the relay of signal. |
| D．It increases the level of an enzyme. |
| A．glue | B．scissors |
| C．a marker | D．a container |
| A．Favorable. | B．Critical. |
| C．Cautious. | D．Ambiguous. |
| A．The brain benefits of exercise for the elderly |
| B．The link between GPLD1 level and exercise |
| C．The “exercise pill”: potential power of a protein |
| D．The liver — to — brain signal: a mystery to be solved |
Recently, people in US education have gotten extremely worried because a new report has shown that American students have a math problem.
The 2015 Program for International Student Assessment (评估) (PISA) shows math scores in the US getting lower and no improvement in science or reading. PISA tests 15-year-olds from different countries and regions in their math, science and reading skills. About 540, 000 students from 72 countries and regions took part in the assessment in 2015.
US scores in reading and science were about the same as three years ago, leaving Americans near the middle of the bigger group. But the situation in math is much more worrying. The US average score was 470, below the OECD (经合组织) test average of 490, meaning the US was No. 40 among the 72 countries and areas. It was 12 points lower than in 2012 and 18 points lower than in 2009. So, what is going on with American students’ math skills?
One reason may be that the US does not teach math in enough depth. “Students are often good at answering the first part of a problem in the United States,” said Andreas Schleicher, director of education and skills at OECD. “But as soon as students have to go deeper and answer the more complicated part of a problem, they have difficulties.” In comparison, many high-performing countries and regions in math teach a lot less but focus in much greater depth, especially when you look at East Asia, Japan and Singapore, according to Schleicher.
Another reason may be the fact that many people in the US are unwilling to travel to foreign countries to learn better teaching practices. “One of our biggest challenges in the US is that the teachers are not going out and seeing what high-performing countries do differently,” said Wendy Kopp, who started Teach for America, in a news program.
1. When it comes to the 2015 PISA results, people in US education are more concerned about .| A．the US average score |
| B．the differences from the previous PISA |
| C．American students’ performance in math |
| D．American students’ situation in science and reading skills |
| A．American students are not interested in simple math problems. |
| B．American students are unwilling to go abroad for further study. |
| C．American math teachers envy high-performing countries better teaching skills. |
| D．American math teachers seldom teach students how to solve complicated problems. |
| A．To inform people of American students’ 2015 PISA results. |
| B．To analyze the causes of American students’ problems with math. |
| C．To stress the importance of learning math well to America students. |
| D．To give American math teachers some advice on how to teach math. |
【推荐2】A couple was treated for injuries at Mission Hospital after they were attacked by a black bear on Sept. 29 on the Blue Ridge Parkway in Asheville, forcing closure of trails near the popular spot.
The man and woman, who live locally, were having a picnic on a grassy hill when they were warned by their dog’s barking that a bear was nearby. The dog, which was not on a chain, ran toward the bear while barking loudly. Likely annoyed by the dog, the bear acted defensively toward the dog and the couple. Over the next several minutes, there were repeated attacks by the bear while the couple were returning with their dog to the safety of their vehicle. The couple suffered hurts and scratches in the skirmish with the bear, but the dog was not harmed.
Autumn is one of the busiest times on the parkway for humans as millions travel the scenic byway that passes directly through Asheville to view the autumn leaves. The parkway is the most visited unit of the National Park Service, with 14.1 million visitors in 2020. The parkway is also a shelter for bears, since it provides their natural, forested habitat, and hunting is prohibited. This is also a critical feeding period for bears before they enter winter hibernation (冬眠). Visitors should be cautious and follow Bear Wise protocols (条约) while in bear country, including properly following food storage regulations, keeping pets controlled and remaining at a safe viewing distance from bears. If attacked by a black bear, fight back with any object available and remember that bears may view you and your pets as prey. Though rare, attacks on humans do occur, and can cause injuries or deaths.
1. Who warned the couple of the bear?| A．Their guide. | B．Their dog. | C．A passer-by. | D．A policeman. |
| A．Competition. | B．Communication. | C．Fight. | D．Crash. |
| A．To see the bears. | B．To look for shelters. |
| C．To hunt wildlife. | D．To appreciate the autumn scenery. |
| A．Live with wildlife in peace. | B．Avoid visiting the Blue Ridge Parkway. |
| C．Fight back bears with any object available. | D．Don't affect the animals' winter hibernation. |
【推荐3】During the Halloween season, many people visit pumpkin (南瓜) fields or carve pumpkins. But paddle (用桨划) a 1,000-pound pumpkin in a race? On October 22 in Oregon, paddlers in Halloween clothes did just that.
The West Coast Giant Pumpkin Regatta took place on the lake in Tualatin, a small city outside Portland. Back in 2004, a club called the Pacific Giant Vegetable Growers (PGVG) came up with the idea for the event. The PGVG wanted to alter their large pumpkins into boats and paddle them. They asked the city of Tualatin if they could use the lake for a party.
The first year, about 100 people showed up. Now, about 20,000 come to watch the races. “It’s just a good time to finally have some fun with these pumpkins that we’ve spent countless hours all year long trying to grow,” said Jim Sherwood, a champion pumpkin grower, who is one of the Regatta’s founders and organizers.
The PGVG provides pumpkins for the Regatta’s five races. This year, paddlers came from across the country and from as far away as France and Japan. “Surprisingly, it’s on a lot of people’s wish list to paddle a pumpkin,” said Heidi Marx, the event’s director for the city of Tualatin.
Just before the races began, the growers emptied the pumpkins. The paddlers dressed in holiday clothing jumped in, and the first race started.
Gary Kristensen from Happy Valley, Oregon, won the first race. He was dressed as the movie character Mrs. Doubtfire. It was Kristensen’s fourth year winning a pumpkin race. “Once everybody thinks you will win, it starts to give you a little bit of pressure,” he said. “Fortunately, my pumpkin was pretty fast.”
For the less competitive players, the Regatta was all about fun. “The best part is just watching all the families enjoying the day.” Marx, a player, said. People are going to remember it for a long time.”
1. What does the underlined word “alter” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Move. | B．Grow. | C．Change. | D．Hide. |
| A．His pumpkin boat ran the fastest. |
| B．He made the biggest pumpkin boat. |
| C．He sold his pumpkins to the players. |
| D．He won a competition by growing pumpkins. |
| A．He had been expected to win the race. |
| B．His pumpkin boat was not fast enough. |
| C．He feared to make mistakes in the race. |
| D．It was his first time to take part in the race. |
| A．Pleasure. | B．The prize. |
| C．Staying with their families. | D．The impression they left on others. |
