1 . About 600,000 people die of heart attacks at home each year. And the survival rate (存活率) of out-of-hospital heart attacks is much lower than those that happen at the in-hospital setting.
Pumpstart, a program created by students at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) which is meant to teach hands-only CPR (心脏复苏术) to the general public, is effective in both teaching high school students a life-saving skill and providing medical students with a chance to take part in public health and medical education after several surveys.
High school students in the Boston area who joined in the Pumpstart program completed pre-/post surveys. The pre-surveys were carried out before they watched a 60-minute training session (培训课程) on hands-only CPR. And the post surveys were done after the training session. Medical students also completed surveys judging their comfort in learning CPR both before and after they took part in the program. The high school students reported huge improvements in CPR skills following their training from Pumpstart. And it was reported that the medical students had higher confidence levels regarding their abilities to answer questions about CPR and helping new medical students to better understand the training sessions after they joined in Pumpstart.
“Getting the general public to feel comfortable performing CPR is important to overall improved survival from heart attacks,” explained Anita Knopov, a fourth-year medical student at BUSM. “Using educational resources provided by the city medical center and offering training to inner-city high school students allow medical students to serve as both educators and experienced people in CPR within the community, while making high school students interested in the healthcare field (医疗领域). That’s what Pumpstart does.”
Knopov believes Pumpstart can serve as a model for other organizations and can have a long-term (长期的) public health influence as the bystander CPR continues to be one of the most useful factors in out-of-hospital (医院之外) heart attack survival. “Although Pumpstart is offered only in Boston, we hope that our work may stimulate the development of similar programs in other areas. And in that case we can use lots of new ‘Pumpstarts’ in other regions.”
1. What is the main purpose of Pumpstart?| A．To change people’s lifestyle. |
| B．To train students to be healthy |
| C．To improve CPR skills of the public. |
| D．To provide medical care for communities. |
| A．Pumpstart improves students self-confidence |
| B．Pumpstart performs CPR for people independently. |
| C．Pumpstart obviously reduces the risk of heart attacks |
| D．Pumpstart encourages students to work in the healthcare field |
| A．Pretty useful. | B．Widely popular |
| C．Partly confusing. | D．Fairly interesting |
| A．Check | B．Prevent |
| C．Encourage | D．Slow |
2 . People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over the counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.
So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.
It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figure out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.
The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B. But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.
''This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses,'' study leader Professor Ann C. Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Science Daily.
Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.
With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work.
1. What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold?| A．They are quite effective. | B．They are slightly helpful. |
| C．They actually have no effect. | D．They still need to be improved. |
| A．By breaking up cold viruses directly. |
| B．By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses. |
| C．By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases. |
| D．By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time. |
| A．The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar. |
| B．Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold. |
| C．Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently. |
| D．Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure. |
| A．Drugs against cold viruses | B．Helpful home remedies |
| C．No current cure for common cold | D．Research on cold viruses |
3 . I watched my Dad close the door. It was a really cold night in dead silence and I was all alone at home. My parents left because they had been running fever for several days and they were showing other symptoms of COVID-19. It was the 9th day of Wuhan lockdown (封锁) starting on January 23.
The virus we now know as COVID-19 is somehow fearsome partly because it does not discriminate (区别对待) in choosing who it infects. But that is only partly true. All the evidence suggests that it can be merciless to older people, so I was wondering whether my parents would make it and whether we would ever take family photos, which my parents and I had talked about during the Spring Festival holiday.
On their second day away my parents called and asked me how I was. We talked using FaceTime, and the moment I saw mom lying there with an oxygen mask and my dad could not talk without breathing heavily, I realized that I had to live on my own.
But two weeks later, I came across a fever and had to go into quarantine (隔离) and be put under medical observations for 14 days. Fortunately, my illness turned out to be due to a bacterial infections but not COVID-19.
Everything there was hectic (忙碌的), there seemed to be a shortage of medical staff and materials were in short supply. Even though the doctors and nurses were covered from head to toe, I could see how tired they were when I looked into their bloodshot eyes.
They would work a whole day preparing for new patients and seemed incredibly apologetic for not having everything that was needed. Most of the patients were really understanding, but of course there were those who were not, and complained loudly, but all the doctors and nurses tried their best to deal with it in a calming way. And they are all from other cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou, and some of them are just three or four years older than me.
When the quarantine was over, every patient effusively thanked the workers for what they had done, but the answer they received was exactly the same: “That’s what we’re here for.”
1. When did the author’s parents leave her for the hospital?| A．January 23. | B．January 30. | C．January 31. | D．February 2. |
| A．Succeed. | B．Join in. | C．Arrive. | D．Survive. |
| A．Both the author and her parents got infected with COVID-19. |
| B．The majority of the patients understood the doctors and nurses. |
| C．The patients apologized to the doctors and nurses because they were too tired. |
| D．The author didn’t get infected with COVID-19 because the virus can only infect the older. |
| A．Admirable. | B．Outgoing. | C．Impatient. | D．Adorable. |
| 姓名 | 屠呦呦 | 出生日期 | 1930年 | 出生地 | 浙江 |
| 简历 | 1951年考入北京大学；1995年获全国先进工作者称号；2011年被授予国家突出贡献奖；2015年获诺贝尔奖 | ||||
| 成就 | 长期致力于中医药的相关研究；她所研究的药物挽救了数百人的生命 | ||||
注意：
1.词数：100词左右；
2.短文要求包含表格中的要点，但不必逐条翻译
3.可以适当发挥，增加细节以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：Tu Youyou 屠呦呦； the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖：advanced worker先进工作者； the award of outstanding contribution突出贡献奖
5 . Increasingly, Americans are becoming their own doctors, by going online to diagnose their symptoms, order home health tests or medical devices, or even self-treat their illnesses with drugs from Internet pharmacies （药店）.Some avoid doctors because of the high cost of medical care, especially if they lack health insurance. Or they may stay away because they find it embarrassing to discuss their weight, smoking, alcohol consumption or couch potato habits. Patients may also fear what they might learn about their health, or they distrust physicians because of negative experiences in the past. But playing doctor can also be a deadly game.
Every day, more than six million Americas turn to the Internet for medical answers—most of them aren't nearly sceptical enough of what they find. A 2002 survey by the Pew Internet & American life Project found that 72 percent of those surveyed believe all or most of what they read on health websites. They shouldn't look up " headache," and the chances of finding reliable and complete information, free from a motivation for commercial gain, are only one in ten, reports an April 2005 Brown Medical School study. Of the 169 websites the researchers rated, only 16 are scored as "high quality.” Recent studies have found faulty facts about all sorts of other disorders, causing one research team to warn that a large amount of incomplete, inaccurate and even dangerous information exists on the Internet.
The problem is that most people don't know the safe way to surf the Web. "They use a search engine like Google, get 18 trillion choices and start clicking. But that's risky, because almost anybody can put up a site that looks authoritative (权威的)，so it's hard to know if what you’re reading is reasonable or not,” says Dr. Sarah Bass from the National Cancer Institute.
1. According to the text, an increasing number of Americans .| A．are suffering from mental disorders |
| B．turn to Internet pharmacies for help |
| C．like to play deadly games with doctors |
| D．are sceptical about surfing medical websites |
| A．They find medical devices easy to operate. |
| B．They prefer to be diagnosed online by doctors. |
| C．They are afraid to face the truth of their health. |
| D．They are afraid to misuse their health insurance. |
| A．More than 6 million Americans distrust doctors. |
| B．Only 1/10 of medical websites aim to make a profit. |
| C．About 1/10 of the websites surveyed are of high quality. |
| D．72% of health websites offer incomplete and faulty facts. |
| A．It's cheap to self-treat your own illness. |
| B．It's embarrassing to discuss your bad habits. |
| C．It's reasonable to look up a medical website. |
| D．It's dangerous to be your own doctor. |
1. Where is the man’s mother now?
| A．At home. | B．In the office. | C．In the hospital. |
| A．A week. | B．A few weeks. | C．A few days |
7 . All over the world，children in hospital are being treated with a new kind of medicine：Laughter. Lucy is 23 and works for Theodora Children’s Trust. She is one of many clown (小丑) doctors who bring a smile to the faces of sick children.
“I’m a Theodora clown doctor. I call myself Dr Looloo. I spend two days a week in children’s hospitals，making funny faces，telling jokes，and doing magic tricks. As I walk into the wards(病房) I blow bubbles，shake hands with the kids，and make up nonsense songs for those children well enough to sing. I take special balloons to make ‘balloon animals’ and tell funny stories about them.
I’m naturally a very cheerful person. I’ve always been a clown. In fact my father’s a clown and I started working with him when I was eight years old. I knew it was just the job for me and I became a clown doctor because I think it’s a great way to cheer up sick, frightened children in hospital.
Being a clown in hospital is very tiring both physically and emotionally. We have to learn not to show our feelings，otherwise we’d be useless. Clown doctors are sensitive but this is not a side most people see. To the children we’re happy all the time. I’m still learning to allow myself to feel sad occasionally. There working with a very sick little girl from Bosnia who speaks no English，so our only common language is laughter.
At weekends I participate in events to raise money for Theodora Children’s Trust. It’s a charity, so we are paid with the money people give. Being a clown doctor makes the worries of everyday life seem small. All in all I feel honoured to do this job.”
1. Lucy works as a clown doctor because________.| A．her father is a clown |
| B．she has been a clown since she was eight |
| C．laughter is a great help to sick children |
| D．working in hospital brings her extra money |
| A．Teach kids how to speak English. |
| B．Cheer kids up with funny stories. |
| C．Join in activities to raise money. |
| D．Develop kids’ sense of humour. |
| A．an experience of great fun |
| B．an interesting job to make a living |
| C．a good way of getting rid of her worries |
| D．an honourable and meaningful practice |
| A．5. | B．3. | C．2. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Animal bites are like dog and cat bites are most common nowadays. It will cause signs and symptoms such as pain, swelling and bleeding, that bring the victim a lot of suffering. First aid (急救) can make difference before emergency (紧急的) medical help arrives. It can be used for animal bites that cause scratches (挠) on the skin but did not cause a serious reaction. You should do with follows. Firstly, wash the bite area immediate with soap and warm water for 5 minutes. If the bite is deep, place the wound under gently run water for 10 minutes. Then dry the wound with a dean towel. Secondly, if the wound is swollen (肿的), put ice covering in a towel for several minute. Thirdly, get medical care.
