President Xi Jinping signed a presidential order on Tuesday to award four people national medals and honorary titles for their outstanding contributions
Zhong Nanshan,
Zhong also has long been devoted to the research, prevention
注意:1.词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
3 . People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over the counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.
So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.
It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figure out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.
The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B. But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.
''This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses,'' study leader Professor Ann C. Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Science Daily.
Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.
With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work.
1. What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold?| A．They are quite effective. | B．They are slightly helpful. |
| C．They actually have no effect. | D．They still need to be improved. |
| A．By breaking up cold viruses directly. |
| B．By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses. |
| C．By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases. |
| D．By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time. |
| A．The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar. |
| B．Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold. |
| C．Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently. |
| D．Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure. |
| A．Drugs against cold viruses | B．Helpful home remedies |
| C．No current cure for common cold | D．Research on cold viruses |
4 . It's hard for doctors to do a thorough eye exam on small children. But a new smartphone app takes advantage of parents' fondness for taking pictures of their children to look for signs that a child might be developing an eye disease.
The app is the result of a father's five-year quest to find a way to catch the earliest signs of eye diseases, and prevent loss of vision. Five years ago, doctors diagnosed (诊断）Noah Shaw's retinoblastoma—a rare type of eye cancer—when he was 4 months old. To make the diagnosis, the doctors shined a light into Noah's eye, and got a pale reflection from the back of the eyeball, an indication that there was something wrong there. Noah's father Bryan, a scientist, wondered if he could see that same pale reflection in pictures of his baby son. Sure enough, he saw the reflection, which doctors call "white eye", in a picture taken right after Noah was born.
Then Bryan decided to create an app that could scan photos for signs of this reflection. Now, that app exists, called CRADLE. To test the app, Bryan and his colleagues analyzed more than 50, 000 pictures taken of 40 children. Half had no eye disease and half had. "On average, the app detected 'white eye' in pictures collected 1. 3 years before diagnosis," says Bryan.
The app isn't perfect. It sometimes misses "white eye" when it's there, and sometimes says it's there when it's not. That latter condition is a problem. Even though the so-called false positive occurs less than 1% of the time, that's not good enough. There are about 4 million children born in the U. S. each year. A 1% false positive rate would mean tens of thousands of children showing up at the doctor unnecessarily.
Still, Bryan is upbeat about the promise of the app. "This is exciting new technology, and this is how I think we're going to go about screening for a number of diseases in the future," he says.
1. What inspired Bryan to create CRADLE?| A．His son's diagnosis. |
| B．His family photos. |
| C．His hobby of taking pictures. |
| D．His working experience as a scientist. |
| A．lt is a sign of some eye diseases. |
| B．It hardly causes serious loss of vision. |
| C．It refers to the white part of an eyeball. |
| D．It occurs when no light is reflected from the eye. |
| A．It may delay the treatment of a patient. |
| B．It may badly affect the future of the app. |
| C．It may raise serious doubts about doctors. |
| D．It may cause a waste of medical resources. |
| A．Curious. | B．Cautious. |
| C．Optimistic. | D．Worried. |
5 . China will give the green light to Internet medical services conducted by medical institutions as part of a broader push to promote Internet Plus Healthcare, which was decided at a State Council executive meeting held by Premier Li Keqiang.
Medical institutions will be allowed to provide online diagnostic services for patients with common and chronic diseases in their followup visits to their doctors. The top levels of hospitals will be encouraged to provide online services, including consultations (会诊), reservations and test result inquiries.
As China joins the ranks of middleincome countries, the demand for health services has increased accordingly. Internet Plus Healthcare can help reduce the problem of inaccessible and expensive public health services that have long been a big concern for the general public.
One decision coming out of the meeting says the intelligent review of health insurance will be applied and that the onestop settlement will be advanced. The realtime sharing of prescription and drug retail sales will be explored as well.
“We must waste no time in pushing forward the measures once the decision is made，” Li said. “In recent years, toplevel hospitals in major cities have seen steady increases in the number of patients. Medical bills have become a heavy burden on families and highend medical resources still fall short of meeting the growing demand of the public.”
To solve the problem, a twopronged (双管齐下的) approach must be taken. One is to establish medical partnerships to strengthen cooperation between major hospitals and community clinics. The other is to bring forward Internet Plus Healthcare to promote the sharing of quality medical resources.
The government will see to it that longdistance healthcare services cover all countylevel hospitals. So more efforts will be made to ensure that highspeed broadband network will be extended to cover medical institutions in urban and rural areas. Dedicated Internet access services will be set up to meet the needs for longdistance healthcare services.
1. According to the text, which of the following services won't a patient enjoy online?| A．Asking doctors for advice after the test. |
| B．Receiving a medical operation. |
| C．Knowing their situation about the disease. |
| D．Making an appointment with a doctor in advance. |
| A．The improvement of people's life quality. |
| B．The recognition of health insurance. |
| C．The expense of medical care. |
| D．The inconvenience of hospital equipment. |
| A．The bills are impossible to afford. |
| B．The measures are perfectly worked out. |
| C．The situations need urgent improvement. |
| D．The hospitals are unwilling to admit patients. |
| A．Modern Hospitals |
| B．Wide Applications of Internet Medical Services |
| C．No More Burden for General People |
| D．Online Healthcare on Its Way |
6 . How to Do basic first Aid
Basic first aid refers to a temporary form of help given to someone who has been injured or has got sick due to choking, a heart attack, drugs or other medical emergencies.
Care for the person who has just gone through serious damage, including both physical treatment and emotional support.
Perform 30 chest compressions (心肺复苏) and two rescue breaths as part of CPR.
Make sure the person is warm as you wait for medical help. Remove some of your own clothing, such as your coat or jacket, and use it as a cover until medical help arrives. However, if the person has a heatstroke (中暑), do not cover him or keep him warm.
| A．Instead, try to cool him |
| B．Remember to stay calm |
| C．Perform first aid immediately |
| D．Here are some tips for first aid |
| E．It is important to take the correct chest compressions |
| F．In the center of the chest, put your two hands together first |
| G．If a person is in a state similar to sleep, he may need checking for breath |
7 . A few years ago, a doctor gave a wrong prescription to a 9-year-old boy because he had accidentally clicked the next medicine listed in the drop-down menu. Unfortunately, the boy died.
Dr. Gidi Stein heard the story and felt forced to do something. “It was like killing someone with a spelling error. He just clicked on the wrong button…Stein said. “One would have thought there’d be some kind of spell-checker to prevent these terrible things from happening. But apparently this is not the case.”
Several things were immediately obvious to the 54-year-old Stein, who had previously studied computer science. “If you look at this problem from a bird’s eye view, there were so many places down the line where this decision could have been stopped-from the physician to the pharmacy (药房) even to the mother. All of them had all the relevant information to have the judgment that this was just the wrong drug for the wrong patient. For Stein, it represented a systematic failure.
Stein compared this with credit cards. “If you use your credit card in the daily routine over time, a pattern emerges of how we use our cards : the grocery store, the gas station in our local town. If your credit card would appear tomorrow in Zimbabwe, it would be unusual. The credit card company would call you and say, “‘Hey, was that you?’”
But nothing like that existed in the field of prescription drugs. So Stein set up a company called MedAware. He came up with a machine learning outliner detection system. In other words, he trained the computers to realize if a doctor accidentally prescribed the wrong medicine.
The system is already used in hospitals and doctor5 s offices. To date, MedAware has used their technology to help nearly six million patients in the United States and Israel.
1. What caused the boy’s death?| A．The doctor’s carelessness. | B．The doctor’s poor medical skill. |
| C．The failure of the computer. | D．The incomplete health care system. |
| A．He was annoyed and put the blame on the doctor only. |
| B．He was regretful and tried to prevent similar accidents happening. |
| C．He was embarrassed and mistook it as a systematic failure. |
| D．He was confused and detected the mistakes in prescriptions himself. |
| A．Credit cards are available for doctors’ prescriptions. |
| B．Instructions in using credit cards are offered to users. |
| C．The boy might have been saved with the technology like credit cards. |
| D．MedAware’s technology will benefit the patients in Zimbabwe. |
| A．MedAware’s technology helps doctors choose right medicine |
| B．MedAware’s technology checks the prescriptions doctors make out |
| C．Medical industry worldwide has enjoyed MedAware’s technology |
| D．The boy? s mother was not to blame for his death during the accident |
8 . As they reach school age, about 90 percent of children will have experienced a condition in which fluid (液体) fills the middle ear, muffling (使模糊) sound and sometimes causing infection. The fluid usually clears on its own, but if not, it can lead to a painful ear infection called acute otitis (中耳炎) media. In some cases the fluid can persist for more than a year, causing hearing loss during this period, and slowing down their development of language and social skills.
Diagnosis usually requires a visit to a specialist—but researchers have now developed an app that detects this fluid just as accurately, with only a smartphone and a paper funnel (漏斗).
Doctors typically detect the problem by peering into the ear for a visual assessment. Yet, this method has only a 50 percent accuracy rate. “Right now, if you bring your child to a pediatrician, or to any urgent care family doctor, the way they look at whether or not there’s fluid in the middle ear is by looking at the eardrum,” says Sharat Raju, a surgeon in the department of head and neck surgery at the University of Washington.
For a cheaper and more accessible alternative, researchers at the University of Washington turned to smartphones. First the user follows a template to cut and tape a piece of paper into a funnel, which can be placed between a smartphone and the patient’s ear. Next the app plays a chirping sound through the phone’s speaker; the sound waves bounce off the eardrum and hit the phone’s microphone, where they register and are analyzed by the app. An eardrum with fluid behind it will vibrate (振动) differently than if the middle ear is full of air, as it normally is.
To develop the app, the researchers first played chirps for patients with and without fluid in their ears. They recorded the echoes (回音), which indicate the eardrum’s mobility. Then they used a machine learning model to classify the returning sound waves, determining which audio characteristics indicated a normal ear and which suggested the presence of fluid. Once they tested the app on 98 children, ranging from 18 months to 17 years old, at Seattle Children’s Hospital. It correctly detected fluid in 85 percent of cases, and correctly identified fluid-free ears in 82 percent.
The researchers are currently trying to get FDA approval for the app, and have founded a company to commercialize it. They hope to make it available by the end of the year, to help parents track children’s ear health at home.
1. What do we know about the fluid from the first paragraph?| A．It is mostly part of children’s growth. | B．It is unavoidable for any child. |
| C．It is a permanent physical condition. | D．It is beyond any medical means. |
| A．A hospital. | B．A specialist. |
| C．A relative. | D．An app. |
| A．The application of the app. | B．The causes of the kid’s ear problem. |
| C．The purpose of developing the app. | D．The experiment of the smartphone. |
| A．It will upgrade the medical technology. | B．It will hit the market in the near future. |
| C．It will help children do better academically. | D．It will save doctors medical operations. |
9 . Lisinopril
What is lisinopril? Lisinopril is a medicine to treat high blood pressure. This medicine is only available on prescription. It comes as tablets. It also comes as a liquid for people who find it hard to swallow tablets, but this has to be ordered specially by your doctor.
Important information
To make sure lisinopril is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
● Heart, liver or kidney problems
● Diabetes (糖尿病)
● Higher levels of potassium (钾) in your blood
Women who are pregnant can’t take the medicine. It could harm the unborn baby.
How should I take lisinopril?
● Take lisinopril exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may sometimes change your dose (剂量) to make sure you get the best results.
● Drink plenty of water each day while you are taking this medicine.
● Lisinopril can be taken with or without food.
● Your blood pressure needs to be checked often, and you may need frequent blood tests.
What if I forget to take it?
If you miss a dose of lisinopril, take it as soon as you remember. If you don’t remember until the following day, skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten one. If you forget doses often, it may help to set an alarm to remind you.
What should I avoid while taking lisinopril?
● Avoid drinking alcohol, because it can further lower your blood pressure and may increase certain side effects of lisinopril.
● Avoid getting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you may feel dizzy. Get up slowly and steady yourself to prevent a fall.
1. What do we know about lisinopril?| A．It comes in liquid form. | B．It must be taken with food. |
| C．It can be used to treat diabetes. | D．It is harmful to pregnant women. |
| A．Visit a doctor on a daily basis. | B．Live on a mainly vegetarian diet. |
| C．Do enough physical exercise daily. | D．Have frequent blood pressure tests. |
| A．Take your next dose on time. | B．Skip the following doses for days. |
| C．Take a dose as soon as you remember. | D．Have more when taking your next dose. |
10 . Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express.
The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen “at risk” patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: “I am so excited about this form of technology.”Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. “I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was — and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare.”
The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.
He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. “This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient.” Prof Young said, “Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier.”
1. What does the underlined phrase “screen” in Paragraph2 mean?| A．comfort. | B．treat. |
| C．spot. | D．nurse. |
| A．By storing blood samples. |
| B．By analyzing patients’ cases. |
| C．By observing changes in blood cells. |
| D．By assisting doctors with their operations. |
| A．To show the influence of AI. |
| B．To stress the importance of health care. |
| C．To introduce the topic of supercomputers. |
| D．To present the achievement he has accomplished. |
| A．It helps patients recover earlier. |
| B．It has helped save thousands of lives. |
| C．It will promote the health service greatly. |
| D．It is intended for patients with kidney diseases. |
