1 . As soon as Boran Bumovich Hignio’s bare feet touch the sand on the beach, he spreads his arms like a helicopter and happily says, “Let's go surfing!” The 7-year-old, wearing a black wetsuit, is followed by a dozen other kids who skip their way into the blue waves of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru's capital, Lima.

Boran gets help with his wetsuit from Diego Villarán, who founded the local surf school. This Peruvian surf school is part of a wave of community-based projects around the world that use a perhaps surprising method to help kids: surf therapy (疗法).

The idea is not only about catching waves to make use of the proven mental health benefits of physical exercise. The wider goal is to create a space for young children to express themselves freely, to help teach them how to process their emotions and to create positive social connections.

Lima's surf therapy project is run by Alto Peru, a local nonprofit named after the neighborhood in the south of the city where Villardn-its 41-year-old founder-and all of the trainee surfers come from. Many of the children in the Alto Peru program face challenging situations. Some parents are addicted to alcohol. One of the boys has even turned up for lessons with a black eye a couple of times.

Half of all mental health disorders begin before the age of 14 and up to a fifth of teenagers globally experience mental health conditions, according to the World Mental Health Survey Initiative, which conducted face-to-face interviews in 17 countries across Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe.

Surf therapy, which covers projects from Sierra Leone to California and Trinidad, is seen by advocates as a convincing solution to helping address mental health issues among young people. “It has changed my life,” says Omarion Butler, 19, who began surfing with Alto Peru two years ago. “When my parents put me down in the past, it was hard for me to express my feelings. But surfing makes me more confident. It helps me to take time for myself.”

7 . One day, an anti-cancer agent could be a cell with specially equipped powerful balloons that pop when placed near an ultrasound beam(超声束) —killing surrounding cancer cells in its wake.

The key to this operation are tiny protein bubbles. If a microbe(微生物) wishes to rise to the surface, it can create a few bubbles, making its body more flowing and pushing it upward. If it wishes to drop, it can pop a few bubbles and do the opposite. The study’s authors wondered if they could put the shock waves from those bubbles to work against tumors(肿瘤).

First, the researchers had to test bubbles’ explosive capabilities. They placed them into a petri dish. After they attacked the dish with ultrasound, in a matter of mere seconds, they saw signs of widespread damage that showed the bubbles were responsible. Then, the researchers tested the process in living, cancer-stricken mice. The researchers put E.coli bacteria in to let the microbes create bubbles. After letting the bacteria circulate for five days, they turned on the ultrasound. By that time, the researchers found that those bacteria had settled deep inside of the tumors. Nearly two weeks after the ultrasound treatment, tumors that had been broken had grown three times more slowly than those that weren’t. And the mice who had received the bubble treatment survived, on average, more than twice as long as their counterparts.

“After decades, I just haven’t seen that come to fruition,” says Mark Borden, a biomedical engineer at the University of Colorado. Of course, making this research work in the lab is one challenge. They need to ensure that putting bubble-containing microbes into a human body won’t end up striking the immune system, or that they won’t cause damage to tissues outside the tumor. So, they’d need to further test the way on animals. But, if it does work out, it could add to the ever-growing toolbox that can be used against the threat of cancer. “It’s an attractive technology and I think it has a lot of potential,” says Borden.

9 . Charles Richard Drew’s great invention directly contributed to saving thousands of lives during World WarⅡ, and continues to contribute to the life-saving work of the entire world of medicine later.

Born in 1904, Drew was the eldest of five children. He was intelligent and showed a talent for studies and sports from a young age. In 1922, his athletic ability earned him an athletic scholarship to attend Amherst College in Massachusetts. Drew graduated from Amherst College in 1926. In 1928 he applied to medical schools and was admitted to MeGill University in Montreal, Canada. He completed his medical degree and master’s degree in surgery in 1933.

Upon graduation, as an internship (实习生), he began to look at issues related to blood transfusions.

When he began his doctoral studies at Columbia University, with a physician named John Scudder, Drew continued his research in the field of blood transfusion. The two have jointly conducted research into blood preservation and fluid replacement, leading to the development of an experimental blood bank, which ran smoothly for seven months.

Drew’s breakthroughs in blood preservation were timely, as the World War II was raging in Europe at the time. Under Drew’s direction, his team has developed new ways to extract, preserve and transport plasma (血浆) on a large scale.

Following the success of the “Blood for Britain” program, Drew was appointed the assistant director for the US blood banking system. During this time, he built a number of mobile blood donation stations, later known as blood delivery stations.

On April 1, 1950, tragedy struck. Drew was injured in a serious car accident while on his way to a conference and died from his injuries. Many medical colleges and schools have been named after him to honor his contribution.