Emma was on her way home when she heard a sudden scream. Looking around, she saw a little boy on the sidewalk gasping (急喘) for air, his     1     (frighten) mother begging for help. Emma rushed to the boy, whose face     2     (turn) purple. “What’s wrong?” “A candy! In his throat!” It was lucky that Emma had learned how     3    (perform) the Heimlich maneuver (海姆利克急救法) at school. She acted quickly. Soon, the boy coughed up a piece of candy and began breathing again. He was saved in time.

Recently Linda hasn’t felt herself. She was a really good student, but her grades     1    (fall) since three months ago. This is because she sometimes has trouble putting her heart into her study. She also refuses     2    (talk) with teachers and friends. What’s worse, she feels     3    (tire)all the time but has     4    (difficult) in falling asleep. Her behavior attracts her mother’s attention. Her mother asks her     5    happens to her, but she just cries.

As     6    matter of fact, Linda is suffering from clinical depression(临床抑郁症).What is clinical depression? It can be described as a mood which is so low that it affects your daily life     7    (serious).The first signs of it in teens are     8    (poor) school reports than before, learning difficulties and staying away from classmates and teachers. If you have these     9     (sign), don’t worry. It is not so difficult to deal     10    clinical depression. There are many effective ways, such as medicine, small talk, more exercise and a balanced diet.

7 . Poor Sleep and Loneliness: A Vicious Cycle?

The feeling of being lonely is the sense that you have less social contact with others than you want. It is not quite the same as the amount of social contact you have. Some people don’t engage that often with others, but they are perfectly fine with that, and so they don’t feel alone.     1     Being lonely is associated with poorer psychological health.

One area of research has focused specifically on the relationship between loneliness and sleep. There are several inter-related questions: Is feeling lonely related to the quality of people’s sleep? What aspects of sleep are related to loneliness? And does loneliness cause sleep problems, or do difficulties with sleeping lead to feelings of loneliness?     2    

The relationship between loneliness and sleep was explored in a paper by Melanie Hom and Caol Chu in the September 2020 issue of Clinical Psychological Science. They analyzed the data of previous studies relating sleep quality to feelings of loneliness.     3     This relationship is stronger for insomnia (失眠症) than for sleep complaints like nightmares. In addition, the more loneliness people express, the less effective they think their sleep is.

Although poor sleep and loneliness are closely related, it is hard to determine whether loneliness causes sleep difficulties or the reverse (相反).

    4     It is because you can look to see whether sleep difficulties at one time predict later feelings of loneliness or whether loneliness early on predicts later sleep difficulties. Interestingly, sleep problems predicted later loneliness and loneliness predicted later sleep difficulties. However, the connection between earlier sleep difficulties and later loneliness was generally stronger than that between earlier loneliness and later sleep difficulties. This pattern suggests that there may be a vicious cycle, though, in which poor sleep can increase feelings of loneliness, which can in turn increase sleep difficulties.

If you are someone who has trouble sleeping, be aware that poor sleep lowers your resilience (复原力) overall. Among other things, it may make it harder for you to appreciate the social contacts you have.     5     That added social engagement just might have a positive impact on your future sleep.

8 . First aid on burns

Treating a hurt person quickly is called first aid.First aid does not require expert medical help–anyone can learn first aid.One of the most common injuries is a burn.    1    So what should you do if someone suffers a burn?

First,look at the burn.Is it a small burn?Doctors say a small burn is about 23 millimetres across.Then ask the person,“Is your burn very painful?”    2    If you are dealing with a small painful burn,it is not serious.You can treat it without a doctor with the following steps.

    3    Burns often make the injured body part swell(肿胀).Close-fitting clothes can cause injuries as the body swells.Also remove any jewellery from fingers and neck and so on.

Then treat the burned area with cool running water.Do not use ice.    4    This is called“flushing”.After flushing,cover the burn.A clean bandage or cloth is good.    5    

If the burn is more serious,you must take the person to a doctor.But your early help will give the person the best chance to make a good recovery.