1 . We are surrounded by the news about COVID-19 and other viruses (病毒), but how much do you really know about them? Viruses that infect (传染) humans nearly always cause illness. Fortunately, just as we know a lot about how viruses harm us, so do we know how to prevent them. These facts are a good place to start.

·Being infected without signs is possible

Some viruses, including those that cause herpes, COVID-19, and AIDS, can be spread through asymptomatic (无症状的) people and presymptomatic (症状发生前的) people, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Some of them may even be “super-spreaders”, infecting dozens to hundreds of other people without even realizing it. Take action to prevent spreading viruses even when you don’t feel sick.

·Hand washing is protective

Wash your hands. This is a piece of advice given by World Health Organization (WHO). Make sure to wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds and dry your hands on a clean towel. Don’t use air dryers in public restrooms.

·Regular exercise is helpful

Do regular exercise. Regular exercise, which can include taking quick walks, has been shown to improve your immune system, thus reducing your possibilities of developing a cold or the flu. But don’t overdo it, for example, training for a long marathon without professional guidance.

·Herd immunity (群体免疫) is hard to achieve

You may have read that you needn’t get vaccinated (疫苗) if you live in a place where most people have had the disease or the vaccine, allowing you to make use of herd immunity. But effective herd immunity requires that more than 90 percent of the population be vaccinated against a disease.

1. Which of the following is TRUE about “super-spreaders”according to the text?

A．They have many signs of the illness.

B．They may infect a lot of people.

C．They prevent spreading the viruses.

D．They realize they are spreading viruses.

2. The following ways are helpful to prevent viruses except          .

A．washing hands for enough time

B．doing exercise regularly

C．avoiding using air dryers in public restrooms

D．training for a long marathon without professional guidance

3. A man can have herd immunity against a disease when           .

A．lots of people in his place have the vaccine

B．over 9/10 of the people in his place are vaccinated

C．people in his place are fighting against the disease

D．most people in his place are infected by the disease

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Some virus facts that we should know.

B．Some news about COVID-19 and other viruses.

C．Some facts about how to fight against COVID-19.

D．Some facts that cause COVID-19 and other viruses.

2 . My father was the kind of guy who could walk into a room full of strangers and leave with new best friends for life! He was a hard worker and was known as “Mr Fix-It” to everyone. He was also one of the most cheerful, affable (和葛可亲的) and gentle people you would ever meet, which made us, his beloved daughters feel proud.

But when Dad was in his fifties, my family began to notice him struggling. His work and skills began to become worse and worse, and he became depressed and withdrawn. This was not the man I knew. At the age of fifty-eight, Dad was diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. As for our family, it was the worst.

Our first step was to attend a meeting hosted by the Alzheimer’s Association to learn more about the disease and programs that might help us. That meeting inspired me to start a Walk to End Alzheimer’s^® team. But I still wanted to do more. In 2017, I became a board member of the Alzheimer’s Association Delaware Valley Chapter.

The loss from this disease is gradual. My father’s decline continued for several years. Losing my father more and more each day was leaving a big hole in my heart and my life. I decided to fill that hole with action to honor my father.

That’s why I recently decided to leave a gift to the Alzheimer’s Association by naming it as a beneficiary of my retirement plan. My future gift will provide money to support research because I don’t want another person in my family or someone in other families to have to suffer from Alzheimer’s disease.

I am so proud to be able to honor my father and other family members who lost their fights to Alzheimer’s in this way. My dad was an inspiration to me, and I hope, through my gift, I can inspire others to join in the fight to end Alzheimer’s.

1. What can we infer about the author’s father before having Alzheimer’s?

A．He was an outgoing man.	B．He hiked with strangers.
C．He made a living by sales.	D．He was a popular repairer of cars.

2. What did the author initially do for her father’s disease?

A．She consulted many experts.	B．She established a research team.
C．She gained more relevant information.	D．She funded the Alzheimer’s Association.

3. What gift does the author leave to the Alzheimer’s Association?

A．Research funds for the disease.	B．A record of her father’s mental state.
C．Her research papers on families like hers.	D．Experts’ suggestions on her father’s disease.

4. What does the author focus on in the last paragraph?

A．Her precious gift.	B．Her father’s firm confidence.
C．Her future expectation.	D．Her father’s original motivation.

3 . 语法填空

An epidemic is an infectious disease that     1    (rapid) spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time. Epidemics can be caused by several different     2    (factor), such as a virus or bacteria.

One of the earliest     3    (record) epidemics happened between about 500 and 550 CE. It killed up to 50% of the area’s population,     4    (make) it one of the main reasons of the fall of the Roman Empire. In     5    1330s, the epidemic known as “The Black Death” returned in Asia and spread to Europe. Centuries later in 1918, the Spanish Flu     6    (strike). In 2002, SARS began     7    a case of lung disease in China. It spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003. Then in West Africa between 2013 and 2016, there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD),     8    killed over 11,000 people.

Governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they need     9    (far) medical research on epidemics     10    (get) at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.