1 . Experts are warning about the risks of extremely picky(挑剔的)eating after a teenager living on a diet of chips and crisps developed lasting sight loss. Eye doctors in Bristol cared for the 17-year-old after his sight had gone to the point of blindness. Tests showed he had serious vitamin deficiency(缺乏). Dr. Denize Atan, who treated him at the hospital, said, “His diet was basically a portion of chips from the local fish and chip shop every day. He also used to snack on crisps and sometimes white bread and ham, and not really any fruit and vegetables.”

The teenager saw his doctor at the age of 14 because he had been feeling tired and unwell. At that time he suffered from vitamin B12 deficiency, but he did not stick with the treatment or improve his poor diet. Three years later, he was taken to the Bristol Eye Hospital because of progressive sight loss.

He was not overweight or underweight, but he had lost minerals from his bones, which was really quite shocking for a boy of his age. In terms of his sight loss, he met the standards of being blind. “He had blind spots right in the middle of his sight,” said Dr Denize Atan, “That means he can’t drive and would find it really arduous to read, watch TV or recognize faces.”

Dr Denize Atan said that parents should learn about the harm that can be caused by picky eating, and turn to experts for help. For those who are concerned , she advised, “It’s best not to be anxious about picky eating , and instead calmly introduce one or two new foods with every meal.” She said multivitamin tablets can supplement(补充) a diet, but cannot take the place of eating healthily. “It’s much better to take in vitamins through a varied and balanced diet,” she said, adding that too many certain vitamins , including vitamin A, can be harmful ,“so you don’t want to overdo it.”

1. What does Dr Denize Atan imply in paragraph 1?

A．The diet of the boy is not balanced.

B．Fruit and vegetables are rich in vitamins.

C．Picky eating is common among teenagers.

D．The cause of the boy’s disease is unknown.

2. Why did the boy go to see his doctor at the age of 14?

A．To improve his poor diet.

B．To get some help to lose weight.

C．To be treated for his discomfort.

D．To slow down his progressive sight loss.

3. What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Important.

B．Easy.

C．Necessary.

D．Difficult.

4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A．Reasons why the boy is seriously ill.

B．Suggestions for the boy’s family to care for him.

C．Advice for parents worried about picky eating.

D．Ways of taking in enough vitamins and minerals.

2 . We all need waler to survive, but the general recommendation has been to drink more and more, with many guidelines now advising a minimum of eight glasses a day. Is there any evidence showing that this makes sense? The short answer is no. Studies looking at water intakes over 10 years in the elderly fail to show any benefits of extra water on kidney function or lifespan.

Clever marketing from bottled water companies has not only convinced us that we need to drink more water, but also that expensive bottled mineral water is somehow better for us. We now drink more bottled water than ever before, with the global industry growing rapidly at 10 percent a year. By 2025, the global market is estimated to be worth ＄215 billion. But research shows that tap water nowadays is perfectly safe, and with added fluoride （氨化物）, it is also good for our teeth. There have been studies showing that tap water contains traces of common pharmaceutical（制药的）drugs, but they have also found the same levels when testing bottled water. Although water in many areas contains chemicals,   the levels are too small to make a noticeable difference to our health.

Bottled water has devastating environmental costs, which is self﹣evident as there are already abundant reports on pollution caused by plastic bottles,   and no proven health benefits. And, does it taste better?Probably not. On the contrary, there are even blind tastings showing that tap water scores higher than most mineral water.

So, still hesitate when presented with both bottled water and tap water?Probably you should not now. My advice is to stick with tap water:   you will be reducing the global environmental cost of half a trillion plastic bottles piling up each year and taking a stand against the power of marketing.

1. According to the first paragraph，we can know________.

A．eight glasses of water a day does harm to the elderly.

B．eight glasses of water a day isn't so scientific as we thought.

C．water is essential for us to survive.

D．drinking extra water benefits our kidney.

2. According to the author， which of the following might be a reason behind people's choosing bottled water over tap water?

A．Tap water contains too much common pharmaceutical drugs.

B．Bottled water is rich in various minerals.

C．People are influenced by bottled water companies' marketing strategies.

D．Tap water is not so tasty as bottled water.

3. What does the underlined word "devastating" in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Potential.

B．Beneficial.

C．Challenging.

D．Damaging.

4. What message does this passage convey?

A．The more water we drink， the healthier we will be.

B．Tap water should become our first choice of drinking.

C．Both bottled water and tap water should be our main choices when thirsty.

D．Bottled water and tap water both have a lot of advantages.

3 . It’s hard to turn down hamburgers, French fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19.

“Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that weaken their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive behaviors,” said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even up a teen’s risk of depression and anxiety.”

Reichelt and two other researchers found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar. Adolescent brains are still developing the ability to assess risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. But this region is the last to mature - it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s. Meanwhile, teen brains get more active from rewards for a while. The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something pleasurable are fully developed by the teen years.

In fact, these regions are even more sensitive when we are young. That’s because dopamine (多巴胺), a natural chemical that lifts our mood when we experience something good, is especially active in adolescent brains. Therefore, the teen brain has two strikes against it when it comes to resisting junk food. “It has a heightened drive for rewards and reduced self-regulation,” said Reichelt.

So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive to food. Exercise also cause the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow and boosts connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses.

1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A．The effects of eating junk food.	B．The causes of favouring junk food.
C．The tendency of sharing junk food.	D．The benefits of avoiding junk food.

2. What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A．It serves as the sense of taste.

B．It promotes teenagers’ spirits.

C．It is partly in charge of self-control.

D．It helps teenagers grow physically mature.

3. What does “it” refer to in the third paragraph?

A．The prefrontal cortex.	B．The urge.
C．The adolescent brain.	D．The body.

4. Why is it hard for teens to give up junk food?

A．Junk food is delicious and nutritious.

B．Junk food is popular among young people.

C．Teenagers don’t realize the harm of junk food.

D．Teenagers can feel temporary excitement from junk food.

4 . Sugar has been linked to serious diseases like heart disease, diabetes and even cancer, which is why it's vital to cut down on foods and drinks that are high in sugar. Take a look at the drinks that contain a surprising amount of hidden sugars and what you should be eating instead.

Fruit juices

While fruit juices can contain some important vitamins and minerals, they are typically full of sugar. Unfortunately, the fiber that fruit naturally contains and that helps the body keep blood sugar stable has also been removed. To keep blood sugar levels from rising sharply, choose to eat whole fruits whenever a juice desire comes along.

Sports drinks

Sports drinks might seem like the perfect choice for hydration while exercising, but they contain a high amount of added sugars as they were designed for athletes during fierce and long periods of activity. The only people who actually benefit from sports drinks are professional athletes or marathoners. Unless that's you, just stick to plain water.

Flavored coffees

Flavored coffees are delicious, but they contain hidden sugars as they often rely on artificial syrups (糖浆) for flavoring. A large flavored coffee at some coffee chains has up to 25 teaspoons of sugar. You can still enjoy your morning cup of coffee. Just stick to unflavored and unsweetened versions and avoid creamers high in sugar.

Iced teas

Iced teas can be extremely refreshing on a hot day, but they're typically over-sweetened with sugar or syrups. Some brands of iced tea actually contain a surprising 33 grams of sugar in a 355-milliliter serving. So, look for iced teas without any added sugar or make your own at home so you can save money and control what goes into it.

1. How do fruit juices benefit people?

A．They provide necessary minerals.	B．They refuel people during sports.
C．They energize people in the morning.	D．They refresh people on hot days.

2. What are common people advised to have while exercising?

A．Fruit juices.

B．Flavored coffees.

C．Natural water.

D．Iced teas.

3. What's the purpose of the text?

A．To introduce four nutritious drinks.	B．To discuss the advantages of drinks.
C．To share ways to make drinks at home.	D．To warm readers against high-sugar drinks.

5 . Successfully making your morning to-do list could start with the first thing you put it in your mouth.

If you’re feeling like zombie (僵尸) in the morning, an unbalanced breakfast made primarily of simple sugars could be to blame, said Nancy Z. Farrell Allen, a registered nutritionist and spokesperson for the Academy of utrition and Dietetics.

“Carbohydrates — whether from fruits and vegetables or from sweets and cookies-break down to sugar in the body,” said McKel Kooienga, the creator of the Mindful Nutrition Method, via email. “Think of sugar as energy in the body.’

After we eat carbs, the pancreas (胰腺) produces the insulin (胰岛素) hormone to clear the sugar from the bloodstream, Kooienga explained. The type, timing and amount of carbs eaten determines how much sugar is introduced to the bloodstream at one time Simpler or processed carbs — such as muffins or maple syrup — introduce sugar to the blood at faster rate if not eaten with other nutrients like protein and fat, she said, resulting in short-term energy that causes.

Instead, think about delicious eggs, beans and cheese for protein, complex carbs and healthy fats. Or raspberries, oats and coconut for the same benefits.

“A balanced breakfast sets the pace and the tone for the day. It provides food that feeds both our brain and our body so that we can be mentally intact and productive out of the starting gate,” Allen said.

Having low blood sugar levels from regularly not eating breakfast can cause people to constantly reach for sugary and processed foods, which might “lead you down a path with food that can impact your mental health as well,” Kooienga said. That can lead to higher risk of turning to disordered eating behaviors, she added.

The concept of balance, Kooienga said, includes a combination of complex, fiber-rich sources of carbs, protein and healthy fats that would release sugar to the blood at a slower rate, supporting longer-lasting energy.

“There are so many wonderful options at breakfast time that provide the opportunity to explore cultural, delicious, healthy and mindful eating,” Farrell Allen said.

1. What can we learn about breakfast from the passage?

A．An unbalanced breakfast is the reason for lack of energy in the morning.

B．An unbalanced breakfast will release sugar to the blood slowly.

C．A balanced breakfast may result in low blood sugar level.

D．A balanced breakfast can provide energy for people throughout the whole day.

2. Which of the following is advisable for an energetic morning according to the passage?

A．Foods with huge amount of sugar.

B．Foods rich in protein like eggs and cheese.

C．Foods containing processed and complex carbs.

D．Foods containing complex carbs, protein and healthy fats.

3. Which of the following word may have the similar meaning to the underlined word “intact”?

A．efreshed.

B．Damaged.

C．Disabled.

D．Challenged.

6 . Energy drinks aren’t technically a “food”. That’s not to trash them — it’s just a fact, and an important one at that. The Food & Drug Administration regulates all products defined as food to ensure they’re safe for human consumption. Coffee drinks and soda, for instance, aren’t allowed to be too high in caffeine in case they cause heart problems. But energy drinks are classified as supplements, which means they’re unregulated. Hence, manufacturers are free to add as much caffeine inside a single can as they please. They can even mix caffeine with other stimulants (兴奋剂) in such a way that could cause cardiovascular or nervous system problems.

That’s why physicians have been trying to investigate what the health effects of these caffeinated drinks might be. A new study showing that a single drink can diminish blood vessel (血管) function is making headlines, but similar findings have been increasing for years now.

A lot of the concern about these drinks comes from their high concentrations of stimulants. It’s entirely possible to overdose on caffeine alone, and in combination with guarana, another stimulant, smaller amounts might have severe effects. Overdosing on caffeine doesn’t necessarily result in death, but it can cause heart palpitations (心悸), nausea, vomiting, and hypertension. The WHO study also reports that adults who consume energy drinks may be increasing their risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

Despite the WHO’s recommendation that caffeine content be limited per beverage, energy drinks in the U. S. are still totally unregulated and will remain that way unless they get reclassified as a food. They may not be dangerous in small quantities, but nothing about them is healthy. Switch to coffee or tea, both of which will energize you in the morning and will be much harder to overdo it with. Or you could just go ahead and work on kicking your caffeine habit for good.

1. Why energy drinks are hard to regulate?

A．Because they contain a lot of caffeine.

B．Because they cause heart problems.

C．Because they are not categorized as food.

D．Because they are allowed to be high caffeine.

2. What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．A new study shows that energy drinks are harmful to humans.

B．As for now, energy drinks are not regulated in the United States.

C．Physician are going to evaluate the effect of energy drinks in the following studies.

D．Energy drinks together with other harmful ingredients could damage one’s well-being.

3. Which of the following statements about energy drinks is TRUE?

A．Overdosing on caffeine directly contributes to death.

B．Energy drinks play a negative role on affecting people’s well-being.

C．People won’t get addicted to caffeine only by consuming energy drinks.

D．Adults’ consuming energy drinks may increase the possibility of the risk of diabetes.

4. What’s the author’s attitude towards energy drinks?

A．Favorable.

B．Ambiguous.

C．Disapproving.

D．Indifferent.

7 . Australia's biggest soft drink makers, including Coca-Cola and Pepsi, promised on Monday to cut industry-wide sugar use by a fifth over seven years to prevent obesity in a country where nearly a third of the population is dangerously fat.

Australia has the fifth-highest rate of obesity in the developed world, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,a health condition that can exacerbate(使恶化)problems from diabetes to heart disease.

Beverage(饮料)producers in Australia have already seen some consumers switch away from sugary drinks because of health concerns and they have promised the reduction as authorities press for a sugar tax similar to one introduced in Britain in April.

“We think this is a step in the right direction, ”said Geoff Parker, chief executive officer of the Australian Beverages Council (ABC) , the main body representing non-alcoholic drink makers, an industry which generates A $5 billion ($3.7 billion) in annual revenue.“We're certainly encouraging other sectors of the food supply, and indeed other categories to join with us to reduce sugar across the portfolio to help handle what is a really a complex problem and that is obesity. ”

Companies will aim for a 10 percent reduction in total sugar per 100 milliliters in their drinks by 2020 and a 20 percent reduction by 2025, achieved via a combination of recipe modification and increasing sales of low-sugar beverages, the Beverages Council said.

The World Health Organization (WHO) said last year drinking fewer sweet drinks was the best way to prevent excessive weight and prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes, although fat and salt in processed foods were also to blame.

It has pressed for governments to tax sugar.

In Australia, where according to WHO statistics two-thirds of adults are overweight and nearly a third are obese or grossly overweight,the Australian Medical Association has pressed for a sugar tax but it has been resisted by the country's two major political parties. “We don't want to see the price of groceries go up.”Health Minister Greg Hunt told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation on Monday.

1. Why did soft drink makers promise to lower sugar in their drinks?

A．They wanted to cut down the cost.

B．They helped people to lose weight.

C．They kept people away from sugary drinks.

D．They responded to the tax law from governments.

2. What can we learn from Geoff Parker?

A．People are unwilling to drink non-alcoholic drinks.

B．Beverage producers take a positive attitude to sugar reduction.

C．Many soft drink makers manage to prevent the obesity.

D．The Australian Beverages Council has encouraged people to keep fit.

3. How will soft drink producers reduce sugar according to the Beverages Council?

A．They will set a goal for the sugar use in their drinks.

B．They will limit the total sugar to 10-20 percent of drinks.

C．They will adjust ingredients and sell more low-sugar drinks.

D．They will produce more low-sugar beverages every year.

4. What should people do to keep away from obesity according to WHO?

A．People should push governments to tax sugar.

B．People should reduce fat and salt in their food.

C．People should try to reduce sugary drinks in diet.

D．People should lose more weight to keep healthy.

8 . Parties to celebrate special events, achievements, and holidays are the perfect time for hosts to exercise their roles.     1     But for some people, invitations to events that center around food lead to fear and anxiety.

    2     And many sweet treats and salty snacks attract us because of the chemical additives and mixtures that perfect the material and taste of foods. Still, most party foods include large amounts of unhealthy fats. Fat itself should be part of a healthy diet. But the highly processed types of them can break down our health.

By now, you are probably wondering what healthy food choices should be offered at our get-togethers.     3     Vegetable salads can also be a relief to those seeking healthier choices, but it is best to leave off the dressing and provide a variety of dressing choices, including plain olive oil and Italy vinegar.

The nature of the party can often determine the cuisine, but nearly any common party dish can be recreated with healthier ingredients (食材). It's best to use whole grains when possible.     4    

And finally, be sure to let your health-conscious guests know that there are some food choices by reminding them on the invitation.     5     If you make a homemade treat or dish, supplying a note card with the ingredients is appreciated by those attempting to avoid specific ingredients.

At your next party, try this recipe for healthier, black bean brownies. Not only are these allergy-friendly, but they offer a lot of health benefits for everyone.

A．All children like cookies, cakes and ice cream.

B．Generally, food and fellowship is a perfect marriage.

C．Most traditional party foods contain large amounts of sugar.

D．This may make the difference between an acceptance or a refusal.

E．Rather than party candy, offer small bowls of dry-roasted or raw nuts.

F．Use coconut oil in place of butter, or honey instead of sugar to sweeten treats.

G．Usually fresh vegetables and fruit can ensure everyone to participate comfortably.

9 . The “freshman fifteen”

You may not have heard the words “freshman fifteen” before, but they are very important for students who are entering university.    1    “Fifteen” refers to fifteen pounds — the fifteen pounds added to a student’s weight in his or her first year. There are a number of reasons why first year university students put on weight, but it’s encouraging to know that freshmen don’t have to add these harmful fifteen pounds.

Mistakes choosing food

    2    Some students choose unhealthy food, because now their parents are not nearby to help them choose. Some students visit the kitchen many times while studying. Late at night, some students get unhealthy fast food such as French fries and chicken nuggets with soda to drink.

Eating right

    3    Here are some ideas:

•Think more about what you eat.

•Eat plenty of vegetables and healthy meats.

•Don’t eat desserts full of sugar; have fruit after dinner.

•    4    

•It’s all right to have a little fast food — but not often.

Remember that the “freshman fifteen” can happen to anyone.    5    Together, try to eat healthy food and not to eat junk food. Walking, running; and playing sports is always more fun with friends. Help each other and you can have a healthy and happy freshman year.

A．Talk to your friends about it.

B．Take a long trip and you will feel better!

C．A freshman is a first year college student.

D．University kitchens serve many kinds of food.

E．Try not to eat so much junk food when you study

F．If you are careful, you don’t have to add fifteen pounds.

G．Students also find that they have less time to do exercise.

10 . A teenager from the UK almost died because of an addiction to unhealthy exercise.

Lisa Fouweather, 19, was so addicted to working out that she ran half marathons before breakfast. She started to practice running, hoping to become excellent at her running club, but quickly became addicted.

She was hardly eating to keep in shape. The teen’s meals would only include a few pieces of food from her “safe foods” list which was mainly fruit and vegetables. She would avoid anything containing sugar or fat. “I would throw my orange juice and bread out of the window when my parents left the room,” she said. At one point, her weight dropped to just 75 pounds — around 34 kg.

This helped to improve her running in the short-term when, in fact, her whole life was falling apart. It affected her education as she would turn up late to school every day to finish her morning running. She said, “Six-mile runs became half marathons, all on an empty stomach before breakfast. Upon my return, I would eat only fruit.”

However, although warned by her parents, Lisa refused to admit she had a problem and wouldn’t give up her way of working out until one day she had a heart attack after her running and was rushed to hospital, where she was diagnosed with anorexic (厌食症) and banned from exercise. “I was told that I could have died because my heart was under great pressure.” She was given dieting advice by doctors to help treat her eating disorders. Thanks to hard work and professional help, she managed to put a stop to her extreme exercise and dieting and has been in recovery for nearly three years.

Lisa said, “I want people who are going through the same problem as I did to know that there is help and support out there, and don’t wait until you’re at breaking point to seek that help.”

1. Why did Lisa start practicing running at first?

A．To become great at the running club.

B．To keep in shape.

C．To help her with her diet.

D．To improve her education.

2. Which of the following is NOT the reason why Lisa ended up in hospital?

A．She ran half marathons on an empty stomach.

B．She had an unhealthy way of eating.

C．She didn’t get any warning from others.

D．She wouldn’t quit her wrong way of exercise at first.

3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．There are many people going through the same problem as Lisa did.

B．Lisa can provide help and support to people with the same problem.

C．You can wait for help if you’re going through the same problem.

D．People with the same problem should ask for help in time.

4. Which section of a website might this passage probably be taken from?

A．Science.	B．Technology.
C．Health.	D．Nature.