1 . Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. inactivity                 B. Inevitably             C. similar             D. Alternatively            E. significant F. approximately            G. range                  H. relevant             I. cease                      J. eases K. depression

There are many ways of expressing the same message of the relationship between exercise and health. You could say that physical exercise     1    us of a range of illnesses.     2    , you could say that physical inactivity, or a sedentary lifestyle, is a risk factor for a whole     3    of conditions.

Chronic conditions     4    to inactivity include:

·Heart disease and associated risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, type-2 diabetes, smoking and poor nutrition

·Mental health complaints such as     5    and anxiety

·Overweight and obesity

·Cognitive decline and dementia

·Infections related to poor immunity

Physical     6    is a major contributor to the burden of disease in the community. Figures indicate that it ranks second only to tobacco smoking as a cause of disability and death in Australia. Figures are     7    in other affluent countries; in poor countries where things like poor sanitation, malnutrition and HIV are more predominant, the contribution of physical inactivity to the diseases of ageing is less of an issue. In Australia, physical inactivity accounts for 6% of disease in males(second highest factor, after smoking)and 8% in females(highest factor)and contributes to     8    8,000 deaths per year. The figures, however, ignore the contribution that physical inactivity makes towards other risk factors like high blood pressure, obesity and other unhealthy lifestyle factors. On the positive side, smokers who start exercising are more likely to give up smoking and people who     9    smoking sometimes take up exercise for weight control.

For reasons that are not entirely clear, physical activity has a stronger effect on protecting against illness when it is for leisure rather than work, which means we need to be active for a     10    protection of our non-working hours. We can also add to the amount of exercise we do by increasing our incidental or non-structured physical activity, like taking the stairs, using fewer labour-saving devices around the home and walking to and from work or the train station or the bus stop.

2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. consequences                 B. available                 C. completely                 D. limited          E. decisions F. appropriate                      G. sources                  H. currently                  I. tend               J. forced K. fed

Every time a person eats something, he makes a nutritional choice. He accepts or rejects the food     1    to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects food for himself at many places in the community, such as supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and food counters in drugstores. These     2    make a difference in how an individual looks, how he feels, and how well he can work and play.

When various kinds of food in     3    amounts is selected and eaten, the     4    are most likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to allow one to be as active as he needs and wants to be. When choices are less than desirable, the consequences are likely to be poor health or     5    energy or both.

More people believe that they are well     6    —that the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick, neither are they hungry. However, their nutrition is usually poor in one respect or another. Milk and milk products, such as cheeses, ice cream, buttermilk and yogurt, are often ignored. Then people may skip many fruits and vegetables, particularly those that are good     7    of vitamins A and C. These include dark green, leafy vegetables; deep yellow vegetables; and citrus(柑橘类)fruits and vegetables, such as cabbage, tomatoes, and green peppers.

Everyone has the right to choose to be uninformed about nutrition as well as to be informed. If a person believes that she is well fed, attitudes, habits and information cannot be     8    upon her.

There are life situations, however, that     9    to cause an individual to want to know how to make the best choices. For example, a young woman setting up her own apartment is for the first time     10    responsible for the household food supply. Or perhaps a young couple is starting a family and must prepare food for young children.

3 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word that you do not need.

A. requirements                 B. including                 C. options                 D. specify          E. similar F. items        G. campaign            H. participating            I. concern          J. assembling          K. familiar

French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favourite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millions of American youngsters. But taking a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer more-healthful menu    1    for children at a time when    2    is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity.

Burger King, the nation's second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will stop automatically    3    French fries and soda in its kids' meals starting this month, although they will still be available. Instead, the company said Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they prefer such options as milk or sliced apples before    4    the meals. "We' re asking the customers to    5    what they want," said Craig Prusher, the chain's vice president of government relations. Other    6    chains, with a variety of menu options, include Denny's, Chili's, Friendly's and Chevys.

As part of the Kids Live Well    7    expected to be announced nationwide Wednesday, participating restaurants must promise to offer at least one children's meal that has fewer than 600 calories, no soft drinks and at least two    8    from the following food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. Among other    9    , they must offer a side dish that meets    10    criteria, with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35% of its calories from sugar.

4 . 阅读下面短文，并从括号中选择合适的引导词补全短文

Do you have the bad habit of skipping your breakfast in the morning? Actually,     1    (when/whether) you have breakfast or not every day may make a difference to your health. It’s reported     2    (that/how) skipping breakfast can increase your risk of getting heart disease by 87 percent.

Some researchers from the University of Iowa analysed 18 years of data on 6,550 people who had no history of heart disease.     3    (That/What) we know from the survey is that 59 percent of the participants ate breakfast every day, 5.1 percent never did, 10.9 percent rarely did, and 25 percent often skipped breakfast.

    4    (That/When) skipping breakfast is closely linked to heart disease has been shown by the data collected by the researchers. People who didn’t have breakfast in the morning were up to 87 percent more likely to develop heart disease.     5    (That/How) breakfast is an important meal of the day is a common sense, so     6    (what/why) there have been lots of people skipping breakfast over the past 50 years is a question worth thinking about.

5 . 选词填空

A. categories     B. fundamental       C. calories       D. ideal       E. quantities       F. desserts

Nowadays, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. In America, people who receive 25% of their daily     1     or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. So if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on     2    , and cut out sweet drinks altogether. Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different     3     of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than processed foods, which often contain less nutrition, and have higher     4     of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Finally, a     5     key to healthy eating is to eat slowly.

6 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.attraction       B.promise     C.bitten     D.small       E.presents F.priced G. physically     H.substitute     I.wrapped   J.emotional     K.psychologically

The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been uncovered years ago — by McDonald’s. According to a new study from Cornell University’s Food and Brand Lab,     1     non-food rewards — like the toys in McDonald’s Happy Meals — stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.

The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was     2     together with a non-food item.

They found that the majority of both kids and adults chose a half-sized portion (部分) when combined with a prize. Both options were     3     the same.

Even more interesting is that the     4     of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion. One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket (彩票), with a $10, $50 or $100 payout, and this was as effective as a tangible (有形的) gift in persuading people to eat less.

The fact that participants were willing to     5     part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting,” says Reimann.

He theorizes that it is the     6     component of these intangible prizes that make them effective. In fact, vaguely-stated (含糊的) possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard odds (可能性) included.

“One explanation for this finding is that possible awards may be more emotionally exciting than certainty awards,” says Reimann. “The uncertainty of winning provides added     7     and desirability through emotional ‘thrills.’ The possibility of receiving an award also produces a state of hope — a state that is in itself     8     rewarding.” In other words, there’s a reason why people like to gamble (赌博).

How might this knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily?

One possibility is a healthy choice that     9     the chance to win a spa weekend. Or maybe the reward of a half-sized portion that could be a half-sized dessert to be     10     only on a future date. That would get you back in the restaurant — and make you eat a little less.

7 . 选词填空

chew, consume, category, consist of, quantities of, regardless of

Food and healthy eating is a lasting and universal topic. So what does healthy eating     1    ?As far as I am concerned, the key lies in eating different     2     of food in moderation. Many people     3         4     junk food     5     the outcome. Besides, eat your meals slowly and     6     your food carefully. All in all, we should have a wise attitude towards food. After all, we eat to live but not live to eat.