2 . Even though people have been paralyzed (瘫痪的) playing sports like rugby and football, extreme sports take the whole ordeal (磨难) to the next level. Sports like downhill cycling are very dangerous because one would be going downhill, over rocky or dirt zone, through forests, even at potentially deadly speeds. A slip up could be your downfall.

Nobody who gets into extreme sports goes with the desire to do harm to themselves. With that, athletes train for years and years before they attempt anything extreme. To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing become a daily routine, which does not wipe out the danger, but greatly reduces it.

Even when there is a lot of skill involved, things might not go the athlete’s way, not at all. Luck and circumstances have a lot to do with how things develop, whether above 8,000 meters or in a wood, going downhill. In some places, crossing the street is an extreme sport, considering how wild traffic can get.

Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through buildings, as an extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the athlete does not have to do anything remotely dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice face without safety gear, is absolutely deadly, where one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of course. Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculous places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The extreme part depends on the athlete.

To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.

1. Why is downhill cycling mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A．To call for attention to extreme sports.	B．To introduce the origin of extreme sports.
C．To illustrate the danger of extreme sports.	D．To show the complexity of the extreme sports.

2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about regarding extreme sports?

A．Extreme sports differ from one another.

B．Skill matters a lot in maintaining safety.

C．Athlete’s luck is a key factor that influences safety.

D．Extreme sports are more dangerous than regular sports.

3. In Paragraph 4, several extreme sports are listed to ________.

A．explain danger depends on the athlete	B．show free soloing is the most dangerous
C．compare which one involves the most skill	D．demonstrate how to choose an extreme sport

4. Which would best describe the author’s attitude towards the danger of extreme sports?

A．Doubtful.

B．Objective.

C．Intolerant.

D．Uninterested.

5. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A．Do Extreme Sports Test Your Courage?

B．Why Should Extreme Sports Be Banned?

C．Why Do We Love Extreme Sports So Much?

D．Are Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous?

3 . Nowadays, are you sitting more and more? Take a moment to think about your sitting habits. You’re probably sitting while reading this.     1    Besides, many people still lie on the sofa swiping their phones instead of doing exercise after work. That’s undoubtedly a lot of sitting. The fact is that the amount of time spent sitting has increased over time.     2    

People know sitting too much is unsuitable, and most of us naturally feel a little guilty after a long-time TV watching. But what problems gradually exist when we seat ourselves for nearly eight hours per day? A study on nearly 8000 adults suggests that there’s a direct relationship between the time spent sitting and our risk of early death from any cause.     3    

“Sit less, move more” is what the Heart Foundation encourages us to do.     4    It is like telling people to just “exercise” without telling them how. Exercise guidelines are always more practical. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends adults do exercise for two hours and 30 minutes every week, plus muscle strengthening exercise two or more days a week. We need similar guidelines for sitting.

    5    One of them is from Diaz’s research team. “It would probably be like this: for every 30 continuous minutes of siting, stand up and move or walk for five minutes at a quick pace,” Diaz, the lead researcher, said, adding that the study has put us a step closer to the satisfying guidelines. But more researches are needed to confirm their approaches.

A．Now it’s time to get up and move around.

B．It is quite usual for you to remain seated in a business meeting.

C．As the total sitting time increases, so does the danger of early death.

D．But the function of this rule is just too simple and abstract to benefit us a lot.

E．The experts suggest that more exercise should be done to reduce sitting time.

F．It is reported that many people have spent more than 6 hours sitting or lying.

G．Various specific and detailed guidelines have been made to inspire people to reduce sitting time.

4 . If you’re a runner who secretly hates running, here’s some good news: settling into a leisurely jog rather than an all-out run may actually be better for your health in the long term.

A team from Denmark followed over 5, 000 people taking part in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, and tracked whether they were non-joggers, or joggers who kept a slow, moderate (中等的), or fast pace. The participants’ health was tracked over the next 12 years, and so was their mortality (死亡率): 28 of the joggers and 128 of the non-joggers died.

The connection was this: Joggers of mild and moderate intensity had a lower risk of death than the fast joggers. In fact, the lowest mortality risk was that of the mild intensity joggers. The fast-paced joggers had about the same mortality rate as sedentary (久坐的) people. This suggests that there may be an upper limit to hard exercise, after which the benefits fall off.

“The U-shaped association between jogging and mortality suggests there may be an upper limit for exercise amount that is best for health benefits,” said study author Peter Schnohr. “Anything more is not just unnecessary; it may be harmful.” From the current study, jogging just three times per week, for less than 2.5 hours per week was associated with the lowest overall mortality risk.

There have been a lot of mixed messages about the “right” amount of exercise and what intensity is best. The World Health Organization has suggested that the current 150 minutes per week recommendations are strenuous for most people to tackle, and that expectations should be lowered, since, after all, anything is better than nothing. Everyone probably has a level of activity that feels best to him or her. But at least the growing consensus seems to be that more — if you’re pushing yourself very hard— is not necessarily better. And it may even be worse.

1. What was the study designed to find out?

A．The relation between exercise amount and health.

B．The difference between non-joggers and joggers.

C．The advantages of jogging over running.

D．The common causes of death from exercise.

2. Who will face the highest mortality risk according to the study?

A．Those jogging just three times per week.	B．Those jogging 150 minutes per week.
C．Those fast-paced joggers.	D．Those slow-paced joggers.

3. What might Peter Schnohr agree with?

A．The early bird catches the worm.	B．Wealth is nothing without health.
C．To go beyond is as wrong as to fall short.	D．Enough exercise brings about happiness.

4. What does the underlined word “strenuous” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Intense.	B．Wide-ranging.
C．Necessary.	D．Far-reaching.

5. What would be the best title for the text?

A．Why Jogging May Be Better For Your Health Than Running?

B．Can Jogging Increase Your Weight?

C．How Does Jogging Affect Your Health?

D．How Often Should Beginners Run?

5 . If a president, a legendary philosopher, and one of the best-selling authors of all time credited the same secret for their success, would you try to follow it too? What if the secret was something you already knew how to do? In fact, you probably do it every day. Here’s what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth.” Thomas Jefferson: “Walking is the best possible exercise. Habituate yourself to walk very far.” And Charles Dickens made his point: “If I could not walk far and fast, I think I should just explode and perish (死亡).”

Researchers have traced numerous connections between walking and generating ideas. A Stanford University study found that participants were 81 percent more creative when walking as opposed to sitting. According to the study, walking outside — versus on a treadmill (跑步机) — produces the most novel and highest-quality ideas in participants who walked and then sat down to do creative work.

The movement aspect of walking is obviously key. You’ve probably heard the phrase Exercise your creativity, which refers to the brain as muscle. Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement, which is exactly why walking — with your dog, a friend, or alone — feeds creative thinking. Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone, which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities.

Research has shown that immersion in nature, and the corresponding disconnection from multimedia and technology, increased performance on a creative problem-solving task by a full 50 percent in a group of hikers.

So why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking? Turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move, the way the sun reflects in a puddle. Walk not just for exercise. Walk for wonder.

1. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?

A．To inform us of the examples of these great minds.

B．To stress the importance of walking.

C．To explain why walking is popular with people.

D．To show the great influence of the great minds have on us.

2. What does the writer probably support?

A．By going outside, one can’t help but get distracted by the scenery.

B．Walking on a treadmill makes participants do the most creative work.

C．It is necessary to walk out of your habitual surroundings and comfort zone.

D．Absorbed in multimedia and technology, hikers can increase performance on creative problem-solving tasks.

3. What does the underlined word “triggered” mean in paragraph 3?

A．Caused.

B．Changed.

C．Covered.

D．Cured.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Developing a good habit of walking.

B．Benefits of walking.

C．New possibilities of walking.

D．Walking for a more creative mind.

7 . Memo

To: All Staff
From: Jakie Mok, Secretary; Sports Development Committee
Date: May 20, 2022

A week ago, “Sports for Life” programme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play. Since then, our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it. Here is a memo for your reference when you answer the phones.

Sports 1:Basketball.

We expect that this will be the most popular of the four sports. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. Students will take a private bus to and from Kwun Tong Sports Park. To cover the cost of hiring a bus, each student will have to pay $10 each time. There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game.

Sports 2:Gym

We will be using St. Peter’s Memorial Park. There are two reasons for choosing this park. Frist, it is not very busy and crowded before 6:00 pm. Second, it has lot of trees with plenty of shade. Students must bring along two bottles of water to prevent thirst. Three activities, skipping, jogging, outdoor aerobics, all of which are free of charge, will be arranged. And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities.

Sports 3:Hiking

Hiking will take place at Kowloon Peak. The activity will start at 2:30 pm and finish 90 minutes later. Three teachers will accompany the students, and a hiking instructor will accompany each group of 15 hikers. Each instructor will cost $75/hr. Students are advised to bring plenty of water and sunscreen.

Sports 4: Swimming

The Kowloon City Aquatic Centre is a 10-minute walk from our school. Four teachers will go to the pool and conduct the goings-on from the poolside. We will only be able to reserve the pool for one hour (i.e. 2:45pm to 3:45pm). Only students skillful at swimming can take up this activity. The pool will have two lifeguards present. Girls must wear a swimming suit. The cost is $10 per visit.

1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Students selecting basketball had better register early.

B．Students participating in gym should arrive at 6:00 pm.

C．Hiking usually begins at 2:30 pm and lasts 2 hours.

D．Students having swimming suits can take up swimming.

2. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Students taking part in basketball will walk to the courts.

B．Every student can gain admission to one of the four sports.

C．Hiking students can have a regular rest in the shade of trees.

D．Students taking up the four sports should bring bottles of water.

3. What is the purpose of the memo?

A．To attract students’ interest in the programme.

B．To require the parents to select a sport for their child.

C．To help the staff explain the programme to the parents.

D．To remind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time.