1 . A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the development of self-esteem (a feeling of pride in oneself). For example, Canadian scientists found that sixth-grade students who were more physically active had considerably higher levels of self-esteem. A study in Switzerland found that teenagers who took part in sports clubs were healthier, including being better socially adjusted, feeling less anxious, and generally being happier about their lives. Similar findings were reported in a study of Latino students, where participation in school sport was found to be greatly associated with self-esteem.

There seems little doubt that part of the potency (潜能) of sports lies in their social setting. There are a lot of facts showing the importance of social connectedness (关联性) for healthy child and teenager development, and sports offer a popular and engaging setting for social interactions. Involvement in team sports has been positively associated with social acceptance and a sense of belonging, especially where such involvement is characterized by positive coaching, progressive skill development, and peer support.

But, the social setting of sports can exclude as well as include. There is now evidence that boys’ and girls’ experiences of sports can be very different, and this can affect the contribution they can make to the self-esteem of players. Peer acceptance seems to be an important factor in determining the relationship between sport participation and self-esteem, and girls can be particularly sensitive to negative judgments. And studies have found that many ‘girly’ boys and girls benefit most from non-competitive physical activities.

So, a note of caution ought to be sounded in case sports are considered to be a cure. Much of the literature on the most positive psychological (心理的) outcomes associated with childhood and youth sports stress the absolute importance of positive experiences. It will surprise no one that bullying, excluding or abuse experiences will harm, rather than support the development of self-esteem, and well-being in general. Sadly, it will also not be a shock to learn that many children’s introductions to sports are far from improving the quality of life.

The great developmental psychologist Jean Piaget argued that the foundations of self-esteem were laid between the ages of about 6 and 11 years of age. Importantly, this is also the time when children are most likely to be introduced to sports. We should know the importance of positive early sporting experiences for the development of both self-esteem and on-going participation in sports and other physical activities. Teachers, coaches, and parents have a responsibility to ensure that these experiences ‘catch’ as many children as possible, and for this to happen they need to remember ‘the principles of child development’: Children are not mini-adults.

Problems arise when adults forget these principles, and kid themselves into thinking that they are coaching future Olympians or Super stars. Unluckily, evidence suggests that talented children are most likely to stand out when they are given time to develop, to play, and to remain children.

Children are not miniature adults, and their enjoyment of sports (and their self-esteem) can suffer when adults forget this!

1. Studies in Switzerland and Latino showed teenagers who often join in sports _____.

A．build self-esteem earlier

B．have more good experiences

C．are more sensitive to judgments

D．are healthier both physically and mentally

2. In general, the author’s attitude toward the influence of sports on teenagers is _____.

A．positive	B．critical
C．uncertain	D．tolerant

3. According to the author, when children take part in sports, they _____.

A．will be happier about their lives

B．are more likely to be attracted by competitive sports

C．should be treated by coaches and parents as super stars

D．will build self-esteem if given positive comment and support

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Children Should Take Part in Sports

B．Sports Offer You a Better Teenage Life

C．Sports Experience and Building Self-Esteem

D．People Should Treat Teenagers Like Miniature Adults

2 . Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.

Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.

1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

A．They must run long distances.

B．They are qualified for the marathon.

C．They have to follow special rules.

D．They are good at swinging their legs.

2. What advantage does race walking have over running?

A．It’s more popular at the Olympics.

B．It’s less challenging physically.

C．It’s more effective in body building.

D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

3. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

A．Getting experts’ opinions.

B．Having a medical checkup.

C．Hiring an experienced coach.

D．Doing regular exercises.

4. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

A．Skeptical.	B．Objective.
C．Tolerant.	D．Conservative.

3 . Cycling or Running?

Aerobic (有氧) exercise is an effective tool to assist with fat loss. It can be fun and help build up your body. Running and cycling, for example, are both good for you.     1     Read on and make an informed decision.

Metabolic (代谢) Level

At the metabolic level, fast running beats fast cycling. There is also the fact that when you’re riding downhill, you’re essentially at rest because you’re coasting. Not so with running.     2     You’re also getting more of a total body workout with running than you get with cycling.

Difficulty Of Adoption

You could ride a bike for hours. With no pounding on your joints, you can go far and fast. Now compare that to taking up running. The first few times you try running, you will breathe heavily, wondering why on earth you’re putting yourself through such suffering. It takes enormous determination for most people to become runners.     3    

Racing

Foot races are popular the world over. There are 5Ks, 10Ks, half and full and ultra-marathons. Any decent-sized city will have your choice of races.     4     It forces you to train and pushes you to get better. Contrarily，it’s harder to find many races for cycling.

Convenience

In terms of convenience, running can’t match cycling. You will reach a specific destination way faster on a bike than by running. It’s also easier for carrying things on a bike.

    5     Both cycling and running have something to offer. It’s about analyzing their respective advantages and deciding what’s right for you.

A．Truth be told, there is no winner.

B．Entering them can be very motivating.

C．You can do more caloric burn in less time with running.

D．So it’s not hard to find that cycling is just easier to get into.

E．It is definitely beneficial to take part in both of the two sports.

F．But maybe you are in two minds about which one to engage in.

G．You can handle any kind of bad condition when it comes to running.

4 . I needed to pay my internet and television providers bills and normally, I use my cellphone to pay them or I'd also get on my bicycle and ride up to their office to pay them. But on this day, I'd walk there to have lunch with my mom.

On my return route,¨ Miles, it's Trevor, "a rider called. He was a teammate I had played floor hockey with a few years back. He told me he was just out testing motorcycle, as later that day he was going to take a trip down to Salt Lake City by“. Trevor was going to a conference about a rare disease. This rare disease had taken his own six-year-old daughter and he needed to learn more, to advocate, and to help others here in Canada.

We hugged and then went on our separate ways. As l was shaking up my drink of health, I ran into Grant - another one of my floor hockey team mates. He was out for his daily six-mile run on his lunch break.

“Man, you are Miles !”he replied. He hadn't seen me in a few months and my shoulders, arms, and chest were larger and far more detailed, thanks to the help of my personal trainer. And now they matched my biking legs. I was also eight pounds lighter at 170 pounds.

After a visit there I returned home. And I was lost in thought. It is easy to pay a bill online but I would have missed so much, including my beautiful moment with Trevor. Take the step. Go the extra mile in your life. You'll never know what is waiting for you along the way, or what you will discover of yourself, of others.

1. On that day the writer paid the bills ______

A．by bicycle	B．on a bus
C．by cellphone	D．on foot

2. Why was Trevor testing his motor?

A．He was ready to raise money for his sick daughter.

B．He practised riding a motorcycle to cure his disease.

C．He was to attend a meeting in Slat Lake City.

D．He intended to travel around America.

3. What surprised Grant at the sight of the writer?

A．The writer's well-shaped body.

B．The writer's slow walking pace.

C．The writer's personal training.

D．The writer's loss of weight.

4. By telling his walking experience, the writer expects people to

A．make life easier by using technology

B．go out to experience their life

C．meet teammates more often in life

D．return home to visit their parents

5 . A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong to take care of what you eat.

There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.

It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you cannot think quickly.

Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.

1. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?

A．Milk, bread, cabbage and beef.

B．Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.

C．Corn, fish, cream and pork.

D．Rice, bean curd, apples, fish and chicken.

2. Which of the following is a good eating habit?

A．Going to school without any breakfast.

B．Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.

C．Finishing your lunch in a very short time.

D．Having at least one food from all four groups each meal.

3. In the passage the writer mainly tells us that _____.

A．every person needs food to grow well

B．right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy

C．taking exercise can keep your body strong

D．enough energy helps people think more quickly

6 . Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain (保持) a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It’s an opportunity to be social and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal inspire people to work hard.

Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support people receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves. If you feel that way, then group training is an even better option for you. It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction of a fitness instructor. If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that will keep your workout on track. Don’t let fitness frighten you!

If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support. Surround yourself with people who encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!

Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.

1. Why is group exercise more beneficial according to Paragraph 1?

A．It can help set practical goals.

B．It can improve physical fitness.

C．It can reduce stress and anxiety.

D．It can create a sense of belonging.

2. What does the underlined word “upbeat” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Peaceful.

B．Boring.

C．Cheerful.

D．Annoying.

3. What can be learnt from the text?

A．Support from friends matters.

B．Doing sports alone is harmful.

C．We should often eat out with friends.

D．Jogging is the most beneficial sport.

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A．Ways to do group exercise

B．Group exercise, better health

C．Without friends, without health

D．Benefits of doing exercise

7 . Modern people are paying more attention to exercise and many celebrities are leading the trend， while in ancient China there were also many fitness lovers．

Lu You： chosho

As a noted productive poet， Lu You from the Song Dynasty wrote more than 20，000 poems in his lifetime． According to historical records， he lived to 85 years old， the longest living poet in the Song Dynasty．

However， Lu You was weak as a child． During his later years， Lu You started the body building called chosho． Chosho was quite popular in ancient times， which was not roaring or whistling， but an elegant， serious and skillful health method． People opened their body， breathed in deep and then breathed out with a long and loud cry in rhyme．

Su Dongpo： long run， five kilometers per day

The great Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo， or Su Shi preferred to take long runs， and he thought that only by moving your body regularly could you have a strong body．

He would slow down when he breathed hard， and speed up when his breath balanced． Su Dongpo would run until he was sweaty， hot， blood circulating and limbs feeling refreshed．

Huyan Zan： cold bath

There was an annual festival in November during the early Tang Dynasty （618-907）called "Pouring cold"， where a group of strong men， nearly bare， sang and danced in the street while crowds poured cold water on them． The festival， a sacrifice to god， was thought to be helpful to body building．

During the Song Dynasty， Huyan Zan recovered the tradition by removing the singing and dancing parts and keeping the pouring cold water part， as a way to exercise his kids' physical bodies．

1. What would Lu You do when doing chosho exercise？ ______

A．Scream after opening his body．

B．Make a long and loud roar．

C．Whistle for a long time．

D．Breathe deep and shout with a rhyme．

2. While Su Dongpo was running， he ______ ．

A．adjusted his running speed according to his breath

B．kept running at a high speed all the way

C．would run until his body was tired

D．practiced Qigong during the course of running

3. Why did Huyan Zan have his kids do a cold bath？ ______

A．To teach them the hardship of life．

B．To honor his general-inherited family．

C．To make them have a healthy body．

D．To expect them to have a long life．

8 . When I first saw the Boston Marathon in 1964, I just fell in love with it. I______to be part of it, but I didn’t know if I could do it. It was totally outside of the social norm (正常行为) for a woman to be running in those days.

In February, 1966，I sent my______to the Boston Marathon and they wrote back, saying, “Women are not physiologically (生理上) able to run a marathon.” When I read the______，I thought if I could prove that this was a______view about women, it was going to______the discussion of what else we thought women could not do. So I took the bus to Boston and got there the day before the______.

When I got to the starting line, I knew the most important thing was that I should not be______. To avoid being arrested or pulled off the course，I had a blue hooded (带风帽的) sweatshirt pulled up over my______with my hair tied back. Then, there was the bang, but I waited until about half the pack left－then I______in.

Even though I was disguised (伪装)，the other runners______very quickly that I was a woman. Fortunately, they were very______. I told them that I was______I would be thrown out if officials saw that I was a woman. But they said, “We won’t let that______. It's a free road. ” That’s when I   ___the hooded sweatshirt and everyone could see I was a woman. Then people went______. They started shouting and clapping, “Way to go, girlie!”

Finally I ran into Boston and______the race in 3 hours and 21 minutes.

I went back to Boston and ran______in 1967 and 1968. I hope to be a(n)______of someone who follows what they______and what they’re good at. I think everyone came to this world to ____ something.

1.

A．failed

B．wanted

C．refused

D．managed

2.

A．application

B．report

C．poems

D．father

3.

A．notice

B．order

C．suggestion

D．letter

4.

A．mistaken

B．strong

C．popular

D．basic

5.

A．avoid

B．refer to

C．open up

D．face

6.

A．trip

B．meeting

C．holiday

D．race

7.

A．stopped

B．fined

C．replaced

D．passed

8.

A．shoulder

B．back

C．head

D．neck

9.

A．drove

B．came

C．jumped

D．walked

10.

A．admitted

B．figured out

C．suggested

D．pointed to

11.

A．supportive

B．confused

C．cheerful

D．surprised

12.

A．unhappy

B．sorry

C．ashamed

D．afraid

13.

A．continue

B．happen

C．exist

D．remain

14.

A．took off

B．took away

C．hung up

D．handed out

15.

A．angry

B．crazy

C．brave

D．disappointed

16.

A．joined

B．lost

C．finished

D．won

17.

A．later

B．too

C．again

D．once

18.

A．partner

B．expert

C．supporter

D．example

19.

A．need

B．love

C．have

D．study

20.

A．improve

B．gain

C．create

D．give

9 . Some people think going to the gym takes time and effort, it often hurts, and it can be extremely boring.Most weight-related exercises are a combination of sets and reps(几次几组).In order to see any significant change from any one exercise,it will probably need to be repeated six to eight times, for a minimum of three sets, for about three months: Then there' s aerobics(有氧运动).For some, there's nothing more boring than endless miles spent running on a treadmill(跑步机).

But what if there is a way to reduce the boredom of exercise while still getting a good workout? Luckily for us, there’s virtual reality (VR).

“In the past, playing video games was a sedentary(久坐不动的) experience:,"says Jo Stauffer of the VR Heaitn-institute, but VR changes all of that.” Many, VR games are played while standing In order to play properly, the players are forced to move around swinging their arms or using their legs.After an hour of this on a regular enough basis, it's not surprising, that many people unexpectedly find themselves a little fitter .There are already a number of virtual reality games which, deliberately or not, result in their player “getting a good sweat on” if played for enough time.For example, there's a music game which forces players to shadow box(做空拳攻防练习) in order to hit the notes---that's an upper-body workout.

The benefit of VR has been noticed by one company.They want to take the whole experience into the gym. They are making a resistance machine, designed to be used in combination with a VR headset. Players challenge a virtual competitor in a series of games,which results in a 30-minute full-body workout.However, the cost of the equipment is expensive and there are safety concerns to be worked out, says J.P.Gownder from the consultancy Forrester.

Although it's early days, for those: of us who struggle to overcome the boredom of exercise,a new solution could be coming.And a world where a person can exercise and have fun at the same time might be something that many people would want-virtual or not.So don' t give up exercising.

1. What conclusion can we draw from the first paragraph?

A．Most weight-related exercises nearly have no effect.

B．Some people think exercising in the gym is difficult and tiring.

C．Running on a treadmill wont bring significant change.

D．You'd better not go to the gym because of the risk of injury.

2. Compared with video games, VR games____________.

A．bring more fun to play.

B．take people less free time.

C．are more likely to bring players health benefits.

D．are more popular with people nowadays .

3. What can we know about the resistance machine?

A．It has been widely used in the gym.

B．There are some disadvantages of it.

C．J.P. Gownder highly recommends it.

D．When using it, people need to have a partner.

4. Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Virtual exercise in the gym.	B．Keep going to the gym
C．The boredom of exercise	D．The popularity of VR games.

10 . Try This at Home!

Are you looking for a new pastime that will create a balance between physical activity and relaxation? Then yoga may be the perfect choice for you. Yoga can be practiced by people of all ages and levels of fitness.    1     It's a great way to strengthen your muscles and become more flexible.

In the 1930s, Indian Sri Tirumali and K. Pattabhi developed one of the most popular forms of yoga practised worldwide today. They worked together using an ancient Sansknt text called Yoga Korunta to create a set routine of yoga movements and breathing exercises.     2    

Ashtanga is different from other forms of yoga. It is a very powerful form of aerobic (有氧的)exercise which creates deep heat in the body.     3     In other forms of yoga, however, the routine can change each time and the stretching exercises aren't aerobic.

    4    As well as making you stronger and more flexible, it can also help you to stay calm. By focusing on your breathing while doing physical exercise, you are able to get a balance between mind and body. In addition, yoga helps to make us healthier so we are less likely to get common illnesses like colds.

Furthermore, yoga encourages you to think about what you're doing. Often you will close your eyes while doing certain movements.    5    After a few lessons you'll stop looking at what the others around you are doing. You will stop comparing yourself and start focusing on yourself.

A．It can also be done anywhere at any time.

B．The result of their co-operation was ashtanga yoga.

C．Whatever kind of yoga you choose, there are many long-term benefits.

D．This allows you to concentrate better and it makes you less competitive.

E．Every time someone practices ashtanga, he or she does exactly the same movements.

F．If you're interested in yoga, but can find a class near you, then it might be     an excuse to travel.

G．Recently, it has become extremely common for beginners as well as advanced yoga students to go on yoga holidays.