1 . A physical checkup often begins with a series of questions: What foods do you eat? Do you smoke? Getting any exercise? New research suggests another telling indicator could be added to that list: What was your college major? The study finds one’s chosen field of college study is a statistically significant predictor of health in midlife.
The researchers find the four majors associated with the best midlife health are architecture/engineering, biology/life sciences, business, and—here’s a surprise—communications/journalism. Perhaps chasing after big stories keeps us journalists in shape.
It has long been established that people with more education tend to be healthier. But does one’s major matter? To find out, the researchers analyzed data from the nationally representative American Community Survey.
Their sample consisted of 3.7 million United States-born adults between the ages of 45 and 64—the time of life when physical functioning problems start to appear. Participants noted whether they had difficulty walking or climbing stairs, dressing or bathing. A “yes” answer in any of those categories resulted in a grade of relatively poor health.
The researchers focused on the 667,362 participants who earned a bachelor’s degree, but went no further in their education. They noted each person’s college major, which they placed into one of 15 categories. They found substantial differences in health across majors. Two majors are particularly disadvantaged in midlife. The chances of poor health are 1.9 times greater among psychology /social work and law/public policy majors compared to business majors. The researchers argue this is likely due to several factors. Psychology majors tend to suffer from high unemployment and low earnings. Law/public policy majors often enter the field of law enforcement(执行).
The researchers say that they have discovered associations, not proof of causality(因果关系). But they make a convincing case that some majors lead people to live healthier lifestyles than others.
Their findings might even inspire a warning country song: Mammas, don’t let your babies grow up to be psychology majors.
1. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?A.Smoking can lead to poor health. | B.Diet is more important than exercise. |
C.Physical checkups keep you healthy. | D.College major chould be added to a checkup. |
A.By doing face-to-face interviews. | B.By following participants’ daily routines. |
C.By doing medical examinations. | D.By analyzing the representative data. |
A.Engineering. | B.Business. | C.Psychology. | D.Agriculture. |
A.College majors can predict midlife health. |
B.More majors in college can improve health. |
C.The annual physical exam is necessary to life. |
D.People with more education tend to be healthier. |
2 . Smartwatches and fitness trackers (健身追踪器) have gained popularity recently. These tools can record your daily steps, heart rates, etc.
It’s a struggle to overcome the addiction to fitness trackers.
Of course, failing to meet your daily goal can be discouraging. You might focus on your shortcoming rather than your progress. Another problem is that you might find yourself paying too much attention to the step number rather than how your body feels.
Therefore, if you’re spending too much time looking at your smartwatch, limit your daily step count to a comfortable level.
A.How can you tell whether you’re addicted to your fitness tracker? |
B.Actually this addiction to step count can be risky, mentally and physically. |
C.Don’t overuse your smartwatch. |
D.However, do you find yourself checking your steps and heart rates too often? |
E.After all, reaching a daily step count can be so appealing. |
F.Besides, you can find other things to do that don’t involve checking your fitness tracker. |
G.It doesn’t covey what you’re really feeling. |
3 . If your stress-response is always on, your immune system suffers and your blood pressure increases.
The first way to start your relaxation mode is to breathe. Now, you may be saying, “I breathe all day. If I didn’t, I’d be dead.”
Practice Imagination
You can experience that relaxation mode by trying imagination. My favorite is to imagine I’m on a beach. I use all five senses to try to bury myself in the imagined experience of relaxation on a beach. I try to smell the ocean air and see and hear the waves.
Play Pretend
A.That’s kind of true |
B.Breathing Exercises |
C.Focus On Your Senses |
D.And you will easily get into anxiety and depression |
E.A little physical exercise could help you better yourself fast |
F.I’ve also created another exercise that requires me to play pretend |
G.Practice imagination can help us decrease stress by shifting our focus |
4 . What makes you cry? Being moved by a sad movie, waving a loved one off, or getting emotional after splitting up with your partner can all cause tears to roll down our faces. We all have the power to cry, but is that a good thing?
When you think about it, shedding tears (流泪) from your eyes is an unusual thing to do. But it seems to be an automatic reaction when we get sad, upset or even when we’re very happy.
A study in the UK in 2017 found that women admitted that they cry 72 times a year.
But crying in the office or elsewhere can be cathartic (情感宣泄的), which can actually make you feel better.
A.This was, on average, more than men. |
B.You may burst into tears for something sorrowful. |
C.What causes this reaction differs from person to person. |
D.Most adults think it embarrassing to cry loudly in public. |
E.Maybe it dissolves or clears the negative or sad feelings you’ve had. |
F.Some of us may sniffle (抽鼻子) a little while others may cry like a baby. |
G.One place where we experience emotional and tearful outbursts is in the workplace. |
Thanks for your question.
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6 . Taking Care of Your Eyes
Many of us don’t pay much attention to eye care. It’s said that if you take care of your eyes, you can surely be healthy.
Something dirty can cause redness and make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water.
A.That’s why our eyes should be given lots of care. |
B.All above are natural ways of eye care that can help us keep healthy eyes. |
C.Eating healthy food will do good to your eyesight. |
D.You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. |
E.Such behavior will do harm to our eyes. |
F.What can we do to protect our eyesight? |
G.Televisions, computers and reading are also the causes of poor eyesight. |
7 . College is a time of transition (过渡) for young adults. It may be the first time students have the freedom to determine how to spend their time, but this freedom comes with competing interests from learning, social events and even sleep.
A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the nightly sleeping time in the early term affects first-year college students’ end-of-term grade point average (GPA). The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities. The students wore wrist devices like smartwatch to monitor and record their sleep patterns. The researchers found that students in the study sleep on average 6.5 hours a night.
More surprisingly, the researchers found that students who receive less than 6 hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to a 0.07 decrease in end-of-term GPA.
“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell, the William S. Dietrich Ⅱ Professor in Psychology. “Here we show how this work translates to humans. The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term, some five to nine weeks later. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”
“Once you start dipping below 6 hours, you are starting to accumulate (积累) massive sleep debt that can damage a student’s health and study habits, hurting the whole system,” said Creswell. “Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it lasted.”
“A popular belief among college students is to value studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. “Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in planning for the importance of nightly sleep.”
1. How did the researchers get their data?A.By doing various experiments. |
B.By conducting a questionnaire survey. |
C.By recording the subjects’ sleep. |
D.By referring to a previous study. |
A.Rising. | B.Putting. | C.Adjusting. | D.Dropping. |
A.Schedule nightly sleep wisely. | B.Focus on learning and academy. |
C.Pay off accumulated sleep debt. | D.Value studying more over partying. |
A.Students are severely in need of sleep |
B.Nightly sleep is key to students success |
C.Lacking sleep can damage a student’s health |
D.College students arrange time unreasonably |
8 . Winter is often quite cold, which often makes us stay indoors more instead of heading out to exercise. Worse still, there are many viruses(病毒) doing their best to make you sick. And sneezing, coughing and nose blowing make the rooms a habitat for viruses.
Wash your hands. You pick up viruses everywhere and they live on your hands, so wash your hands and do it often.
Get the flu shot(疫苗).
Avoid sick people.
A.It is easy for viruses to spread from person to person |
B.Take care of your face |
C.It’s not absolutely safe |
D.Keep your hands away from your face |
E.If someone around you is sick, then keep your distance |
F.The best way is to use regular soap and water |
G.Because there are always some unexpected things in life |
9 . Here are some habits to help you enjoy a longer and better life.
Eat better. You don’t have to adopt some crazy diet or give up all sweets. Instead, try to eat a few more vegetables and fruits.
Check with your doctor. When you feel good, it’s easy to avoid going to the doctor. No matter how you feel, though, it’s a good idea to visit your doctor for an annual check up.
Keep moving. Exercise lowers blood pressure, controls our weight, strengthens our bones and muscles, reduces our risk for cancers, and improves mood. Some research also says it has the power to keep us young. Physical activities including exercises can improve our flexibility, strength and balance.
A.Do volunteer work |
B.Connect with people |
C.You can also eat more whole foods |
D.You don’t have to take up running marathons . |
E.They not only have health benefits, but taste good |
F.The doctor will most likely carry out some routine tests |
G.Each of these tests can help identify any potential problems |
10 . Health is the most important thing in the world. Nothing is more important than health. If one takes away our money, houses, cars, or even our clothes, we can still survive.
How can we keep healthy? In order to eat healthily, I usually avoid eating food high in fat, like French fries or cookies, which are junk foods. Besides, I only eat a little meat.
What’s more, I think friends are an important part of one’s health.
By eating properly and exercising regularly, I can keep my body at a proper weight and keep healthy. By spending time with my friends, I can keep my mind as well as my body happy. These things sound easy to do, but not many people can manage them.
A.On the other hand, doing exercise is very important. |
B.There are some people who like staying alone, but they keep healthy. |
C.Many studies show that people with a range of social contacts don’t get sick. |
D.But if our health were taken away, it is certain that we would surely die. |
E.I eat a lot of vegetables and fresh fruit which are full of vitamins. |
F.I think a strong will is necessary if we want to keep healthy. |
G.Some people appear fat because they often eat too much. |