2 . The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke

Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases.     1     However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife，Evelyn，who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.

    2     However, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people’s cigarettes. The US This smoke is called secondhand smoke.

Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53，000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.

The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker’s health.       3     They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies.     4     For example，we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants，hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas，smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. In the United States，nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.

Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as the children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.

    5     As a result，they have passed laws which prohibit(禁止) people from smoking in many public places.

A．Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.

B．As a matter of fact, almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not.

C．In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer.

D．However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.

E．People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke.

F．No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.

G．Many people, including doctors, parents, teachers, and others, are concerned about the health risks of cigarette smoking.

3 . There is an English saying, ''    1    '' Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body.     2    

Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise.    3     If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.

Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.     4    

    5    They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.

A．Laughter can surely last one's life.

B．As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh.

C．The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.

D．It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet.

E．They have proved that laughter can really cure any disease if people keep a good state of mind.

F．Laughter is the best medicine.

G．They have found that laughter really can improve people's health.

4 . A Good Night’s Sleep
Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life．While you’re sleeping, your brain is forming new pathways to help you learn and remember information. Although we all know the importance of getting a good night's sleep, not all of us know the best way of getting it. A sleep expert, Phil Atherton, gave some top tips for getting the most out of the night, which will leave you ready for action in the morning.
According to Phil Atherton, not eating a large meal before bedtime is important for getting a good night’s sleep. The time difference between eating and sleeping should be at least three hours. So you'd better avoid eating any food three hours before bed, as it will lower your blood sugar during sleep and help minimize damage from too much sugar floating around.
It’s also important to find ways to prepare your body for sleep. You can follow a routine like trying not to expose yourself to too much artificial light within 1 hour before bed, as your brain uses light to help set internal “body clock”. Although it might seem unnatural to schedule your sleep, the purpose is to send a signal to your body and mind that it's time to sleep.
Another way to prepare your body for sleep is to get into a relaxed state by taking a bath or listening to soft music. Both of them will help to take the mind off the daytime pressures.
Having a suitable bed, especially a suitable mattress (床垫), is necessary for a good night's sleep. Sleep is a personalized activity, and we all adopt different sleeping positions. Finding the mattress that suits you will reduce back pains that can result from a poor sleeping position. The bed should be four to six inches longer than its tallest user, allowing for space to move around.
The recent research is pretty clear that a good night’s sleep in a major component of good health. Since the start of the 21st century, studies have linked a lack of sleep to many diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Taking action now will lead to long-term benefits for you and those around you.
1. What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?

A．When to start a sound sleep.

B．How to get a good night's sleep.

C．What to do with sleep problems.

D．Why to form a good habit of sleeping.

2. According to the author, before going to sleep, you’d better ________.

A．free yourself from tension

B．check your blood sugar

C．relieve your pain in the back

D．record your biological clock

3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Not eating food.

B．Taking a meal.

C．Not sleeping well.

D．Having a good sleep.

4. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

A．

B．

C．

D．