1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。

The High Temperatures in Antarctica(南极洲)

Vostok station is a Russian weather station in Antarctica. It’s famous     1     having the coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth:-89.2℃. But last Friday, Vostok set     2     new record, this time for its warmest March temperature ever: -18℃. That may not sound very warm, but it’s 15℃ warmer than average. Other areas in Antarctica were even     3     (hot). A nearby weather station was 37℃ higher than average. Some     4     (place) in Antarctica were expected to be as much as 50℃ warmer than normal.

A scientist,     5     studies weather in Antarctica, said the temperatures had     6     (complete) changed our expectations about the Antarctic climate system. At this time of year, Antarctica is losing 25 minutes of daylight every day, and should be getting colder instead of warmer.

An “atmospheric river” of warm, wet air hit Antarctica last Tuesday. This kind of weather pattern isn’t that unusual. But once it got to Antarctica, it was stopped from     7     (leave) by a hight pressure system, called a “pressure dome (穹顶)”. A similar pressure dome     8     (cause) an extreme heat wave in North America’s northwest last summer.

Scientists say that the melting (融化) from this one event isn’t likely to cause big changes. And it’s too early     9    (say) if climate change led to this event. But scientists say they are watching carefully to see whether this is a one-time event     10     part of a new pattern.

2 . Without sharp reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, climate change threatens future Winter Olympic Games because their locations would be too warm to host the events, a new study has found.

If the world’s high emissions continue their trend, by the 2080s all but one of the 21 cities that previously hosted the Winter Games - Sapporo, Japan - would not be able to do so again. Among them, 6 cities would be considered “marginal” while 14 would even be seen “unreliable”— meaning the right conditions for snow and athlete safety cannot be met.

But that won’t necessarily happen if the world takes urgent action and follows the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, according to Daniel Scott, the lead researcher for the University of Waterloo’s report. Under that deal, nearly 200 countries agreed to greatly cut their collective greenhouse emissions.

Athletes and coaches surveyed by the researchers said they re already seeing the effect climate change has on their sports. “Some of the coaches that did the survey have been coaches in the sport for 30 years,” Scott said. “They’ve traveled the world, back to the same competitions, and they’ve seen that certain competitions don’t happen, as regularly or uninterruptedly as they used to because of warmer temperatures.”

The Summer Olympics are also feeling the effects of climate change. Tokyo’s Olympic and Paralympic Games are likely one of—if not—the hottest and most humid Games on record. Daily temperatures reached 80F high with high humidity (湿度) that could make it feel like 100°F.

But winter sports seem more strongly influenced by the impact of a warmer world. During the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, skiers were overheating in the same way a marathon runner would at nearly 90F weather. Due to the great impact, the study makes us worry that outdoor games may have to move indoors or be held at a different time of year altogether in order to accommodate higher temperatures.

1. What does the underlined word “marginal” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Almost unqualified.

B．Pretty satisfactory.

C．Rather unpopular.

D．Quite suitable.

2. Why are Tokyo’s Olympics mentioned in Paragraph 5?

A．To show the spirit of the Olympics.

B．To stress the impact of climate change.

C．To reveal the cause of warmer climate.

D．To compare summer and winter Olympics

3. What is the author’s attitude to the finding of the study?

A．Conservative.

B．Tolerant.

C．Optimistic.

D．Concerned.

4. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．Global climate changes.

B．Greenhouse gas emissions.

C．The Winter Olympics crisis.

D．The future Olympic Games.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Climate change is a familiar topic to us for decades. There is little doubt     1     Earth is getting warmer and warmer. A lot of evidence     2     (indicate) a dramatic change in the global climate.

The increase in temperature has     3     impact on Earth’s ecology. In 2013, a news photo of a dead polar bear which     4     (find) on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard made a lot of people     5     (shock). In addition, there is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide,     6     (cause) great loss of life and property. Climate scientists have warned that this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a     7     (high) price to pay, if we do not take appropriate actions.

“Greenhouse effect” is a key factor in clime change. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result     8     further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. Governments should make     9     (policy) and take appropriate actions and measures. Individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity     10     (educate) everyone about global warming.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Climate change makes wildfires, hurricanes and heat waves more frequent     1     stronger than before. The bad effects are in the headlines     2     (regular). The warming climate also changes lives     3     subtler (不易察觉的) ways.

In Tampa, Fla. , Sara Brogan says summers are getting     4     (hot). Going to the beach to cool off is a decades-long tradition for her family. They     5     (go) to the beach once this summer. There was a red tide. These algae (水藻) blooms are increasing, likely because of human     6     (pollute) and warming temperatures. They produce toxins (毒素) that kill sea life. That is     7     Brogan is staying away from the beach. A lot of times it's—before you even get there, you can feel the smell of dead fish is very strong.

Wildfire smoke obviously is not good for people and the animal. Heather Duchow and her husband celebrated     8     (they) 20th anniversary in Montana's Glacier National Park. When they got there, it was very smoky. She felt disappointed: the smoke made it difficult     9     (see) the awe-inspiring views she remembered. For future anniversaries, they may go sooner in the summer,    10     (hope) to avoid the worst of fire season. It's strongly recommended that some measures should be taken to control the warming climate.

5 . Six Solar Terms in Summer

Lixia

Lixia is the first solar term in summer, signifying the beginning of the hot summer.    1    People usually consider Lixia as an important solar term. When it comes, the temperature rises obviously, and summer heat arrives, there is a remarkable increase in thunderstorms, and crops enter their peak season for growth.

Xiaoman and Mangzhong

During Xiaoman, summer harvest crops such as wheat already bear fruits, and their seeds are full though they are not ripe yet. Thus, the solar term is named Xiaoman. The solar term Xiaoman is in late May. Summer begins to reach all parts of the country. Rainfall begins to increase further. Mangzhong means, "wheat with awn（芒）should be harvested soon, and rice seeds with awn can be sown".    2    

Xiazhi

On the day of Xiazhi, the daytime in the Northern Hemisphere（半球）reaches its maxi-mum length.    3    At Xiazhi, though there is direct sunlight, it is not the hottest time in a year.

Xiaoshu and Dashu

    4    Xiaoshu is minor heat, which means it's not very hot. The weather is getting increasingly hot, but not the hottest moment yet. The crops in the entire country begin to grow rapidly, and this situation requires more intensive field management. Dashu is extreme heat. Compared to Xiaoshu, it's much hotter.    5    And it also marks the period with the fastest growth for crops which enjoy heat.

A．The character shu means heat.

B．It predicts the busy farming activities of farmers.

C．The temperatures rise and summer drought begins.

D．The more northern a place is, the longer its daytime is.

E．People need to prepare for heat prevention and cooling.

F．It means the end of spring, and the beginning of summer.

G．It marks the hottest period with the highest temperatures in a year.

6 . Ever since Earth formed roughly 4.5 billion years ago, its climate has gone through a number of incredible changes.

All you have to do is look at images of the Jurassic Period (侏罗纪时期) to know that at one time, much of our planet was covered in extremely hot and humid jungle. Skip ahead a couple million years and you get to an ice age event, when global temperature experienced a huge drop. While many species were not able to deal with these changing climate patterns, others successfully adapted, and some are even still with us today. Now, as humanity pushes the planet closer to another extreme climate event, scientists are eager to find out how the world's species will react. The idea was highlighted in a study published on April 6 in the journal PNAS, which showed that between 1970 and 2010, open water species such as lobsters and fish had declined by about half in tropical marine zones across the globe because over the 40-year time period, sea temperatures in those regions had risen by roughly 0. 2°C.

The lower numbers aren't a sign of all the sea creatures dying off though. In fact, the scientists found some of them outside of their traditional habitats, meaning that if a species can migrate to cooler waters and adapt in a new environment, they will.

However, those movements aren’t always a good thing; species that can' t move, such as coral, which is fixed to the seabed, rely on the fish and other sea creatures to contribute to the natural food chain and stay healthy. Additionally, when a non- native species moves into a new area, it threatens to disrupt the ecosystem that already exists there.

Depending on the species, it can take anywhere from one generation to thousands and thousands of years to properly adapt, so the changes that have occurred in just the last 40 years are very troubling for scientists. As Sebastian Ferse, an ecologist at the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Germany, explained, “In geological history, this has occurred in the blink of an eye. To see such changes occurring so rapidly is something quite alarming.

1. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

A．Some species that adapted to the climate changes survived.

B．Most species were able to deal with the changing climate patterns.

C．Global temperature experienced a huge drop during Jurassic Period.

D．Much of our planet was covered in humid jungle during ice age event.

2. How did some sea creatures survived climate changes according to the scientists?

A．By changing their food chain.	B．By adjusting their own temperature.
C．By moving to other places and adapted.	D．By human beings' protecting.

3. What does the underlined word “disrupt” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Improve.

B．Balance.

C．Disturb.

D．Establish.

4. Which word best describes scientists' attitudes to the migration of species?

A．Optimistic. .

B．Negative.

C．Objective.

D．Indifferent.