1 . Satellites in space measure temperatures over large areas of the ocean. They are, however, less specific when it comes to measuring temperatures along the coast. However, there is a new solution.

Scientists want people who do water sports to help them gather coastal climate data. This includes surfers, divers and fishermen. The idea came from new data collected by scientists who are also surfers. The group was led by a scientist in England named Bob Brewin. The group designed a surfboard that could be their laboratory. The results show different water temperatures than what the satellites have shown.

Coastlines are important to the economy. Large amounts of people use them for business and fun. Coastlines are also important for the environment because they are home to many different plants and animals.

Brewin says satellite data alone cannot be trusted. So, his team wants volunteers to gather data during their water activities. The information the volunteers find will be used along with satellite readings. The scientists think this will result in more accurate information. “We can begin to understand how our coastal environment is responding to climate change,” Brewin said.

They want surfers to check water surfaces and divers to measure temperatures deeper in the water. The information would then go into the scientists’ database. Meanwhile, a group of scientists from Europe had another idea. The group is interested in boots that some fishermen use. These boots sense water temperatures. The scientists think the fishermen who wear those boots could be connected to a data­collection system.

Many water sports take place in areas that are important for sea life. These locations can be difficult to check, Brewin says. For example, ocean waves can ruin data-collection floats and boats. So,coastal sea surface temperature records are poor.

1. What’s the problem with satellites?

A．They can’t measure temperatures over the ocean.

B．They can’t locate coasts very accurately.

C．They might provide unreliable data.

D．They break down frequently.

2. What did Brewin’s team do?

A．They turned a surfboard into a lab.

B．They did research on water sports.

C．They made efforts to learn surfing.

D．They made friends with fishermen.

3. How can volunteers help Brewin?

A．Analyze satellite readings.

B．Compare data from different sources.

C．Wear boots designed by Brewin’s group.

D．Go into waters of different depths to collect data.

4. Why is it difficult to check the temperature of coastlines?

A．Surfers face great danger.

B．Beaches cover huge areas.

C．Data-collection boats are too big.

D．Waves damage the measuring equipment.

2 . 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

According to China Daily, the summer of 2022 became the hottest since China’s meteorological (气象学的) records     1     (begin). The weather forecast reported that the high temperature in some areas could reach 40℃,     2     (possible) breaking records.     3     (affect) by the high temperatures, some areas experienced drought and a decrease in agricultural production. People and governments should be prepared to do more to tackle climate change.

3 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What are the highest temperatures in Northern India now?

A．About 35℃.

B．Almost 40℃.

C．Over 45℃.

2. How many Indian people died in 2016 due to heat-related illnesses?

A．About 200.

B．About 1,000.

C．About 2,000.

3. What will be done under extremely high temperatures?

A．Government projects will be done at night.

B．Bottles of water will be sold at low prices.

C．School days will be reduced.

4. What will the weather be like late this month in India?

A．Cooler.

B．All the same.

C．Hotter.

4 . Within a few decades, global temperatures are expected to climb to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. And that’s going to be really bad for corals, according to the latest report out from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

So the recent IPCC report says that up to 1.5 we can expect 10 to 30 percent coral survivorship. And above that, it decreases sharply.

Andrea Grottoli is a distinguished professor at the Ohio State University. Amid the doom and gloom of the IPCC report, Grottoli has some rare good news. Corals may be more adaptable to future conditions than we thought.

Her team studied three species of coral from the island of Oahu, in Hawaii. They put them in tanks with either heat stress, more acidic water or both. And what really matters in this study is the one where both increases in temperature and ocean acidification, because that’s exactly what’s happening on reefs now.

Twenty-two months later, they assessed the winners and losers. They found that on average more than half the corals survived. Even after being punished with warmer, more acidic waters — the kind they’d face under two degrees of global warming, the corals survived. Two of the three species were actually physiologically performing normally. They were doing more than surviving. They were coping. They’d adapted. They were doing well.

The results appear in the journal Scientific Reports. Grottoli says the study provides hope. The world’s corals may be more resilient than we thought — especially since one of the Hawaiian species they studied is widespread around the planet.

But will this good news motivate world leaders to control warming? Well, corals may be able to wait just a little longer to find out.

1. What effects does warming have on corals?

A．It helps corals increase.	B．It’s beneficial to corals.
C．I helps corals survive.	D．It does harm to corals.

2. What does the underlined phrase “doom and gloom” probably mean in paragraph three?

A．Expecting things to go well.	B．Feelings of being hopeless and pessimistic.
C．Almost total darkness.	D．An idea of what will happen in the future.

3. What can we infer from the study?

A．All the three species were performing normally.

B．The corals could hardly stand the test conditions.

C．The results of the experiment were not significant.

D．Temperature rise and ocean acidification go hand in hand.

4. What is the author’s attitude to the result?

A．Cautious.

B．Ambiguous.

C．Optimistic.

D．Concerned.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Owing to global warming, sea levels are rising and rain forests are dying. It’s clear that humans     1    (cause)most of the warming over the past century by releasing greenhouse gases, the levels of which are     2    (high)now than at any time in the past.

Global warming is causing a set of changes to the earth’s climate     3     vary from place to place. Many people think that global warming is the same as climate change. However, scientists use “climate change” when describing the complex shifts now affecting     4    (we)planet’s weather and climate systems—in part because some areas     5    （actual）get cooler in the short term.

Climate change includes not only rising average temperatures but also extreme weather events and a range of other     6    (consequence). All of them are appearing as humans continue to add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere,     7    (change)the rhythms(节奏)of climate that all living things have come to rely     8    .

What shall we do and what can we do     9    (slow) this human-caused warming? How shall we deal with the changes we’ve already set into motion? While we struggle to figure it all out,     10     future of the earth hangs in the balance.

6 . Greenland lost a record amount of ice during an extra warm 2019, with the melt massive (巨大的) enough to cover California in more than 4 feet of water, a new study said.

After two years when summer ice melt had been the smallest, the summer of 2019 broke all records with 586 billion tons of ice melting, according to a report. The loss is far more than the yearly average of 259 billion tons of ice since 2003, and it easily breaks the previous record of 511 billion tons in 2012.

“Not only is the Greenland ice sheet melting, but it’s melting at a faster and faster pace,” said study lead author Ingo Sasgen, a geoscientist at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany. The study also showed that there were many years in the 20th century when Greenland actually gained ice. The Greenland melt in 2019 added 0.06 inches to global sea level rise. That sounds like a tiny amount, but “in our world it’s huge — that’s astonishing,” said study coauthor Alex Gardner, a nice scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in La Canada Flintridge. With more water from other melting ice sheets and glaciers (冰川), the ocean expands and that translates into slowly rising sea levels, coastal flooding and other problems.

Though general ice-melt records in Greenland go back to 1948，scientists began making more precise records in 2003, using NASA satellites to measure the gravity of the ice sheets. It’s like put-ting the ice on a scale and weighing it as water flows off, Gardner said.

In 2017 and 2018, cooler Arctic air flowed from the open ocean into Greenland, which made the melt less severe. Several other scientists said Sasgen’s study made sense. “The fact that 2019 set an all-time record is very concerning,” one of them said.

1. What happened to Greenland in 2019?

A．It gained some ice.

B．It lost more ice than any year.

C．Its ice loss was first recorded.

D．Its ice melted in the smallest amount.

2. What can we know from Alex Gardner’s words?

A．Ice melt may result in disasters.

B．The globe is getting warmer slowly.

C．There was a tiny rise in sea level in 2019.

D．In 2003, scientists weighed the ice sheets.

3. How did scientists feel about the Greenland melt?

A．Excited.	B．Relieved.
C．Puzzled.	D．Worried.

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．Greenland put the globe in danger

B．Ice sheets are melting faster globally

C．Ice melt in Greenland broke records

D．Satellites help measure Greenland’s ice sheet

7 . In winter the weather in England is often very cold. In spring and autumn there are sometimes cold days, but there are also days when the weather is warm. The weather is usually warm in summer. It is sometimes hot in summer, but it is not often very hot. There are often cool days in summer.

When the temperature is over 27℃, English people say it is hot. When the temperature is about 21℃, they say it is warm.

In the north of Europe it is very cold in winter. In the south of Europe the summer is often very hot. In the south of Spain and in North Africa the summer is always hot.

Water freezes at 0℃. When water freezes, it changes from a liquid into ice. Water boils at 100℃. When water boils, it changes from a liquid into steam.

1. What is the weather like in summer in England?

A．Very hot.

B．Warm.

C．Cool.

D．Both A and C.

2. What do you think “the north of Europe” means?

A．A part of a country.

B．The capital of Europe.

C．A country in the north of Europe.

D．A part of Europe.

3. When water freezes, it changes from_____into_____.

A．water, ice	B．water, steam
C．steam, ice	D．ice, water

4. The writer wants to tell us something about______.

A．the weather in Europe

B．the weather in England

C．some knowledge of the temperature

D．three states of water