1 . Satellites in space measure temperatures over large areas of the ocean. They are, however, less specific when it comes to measuring temperatures along the coast. However, there is a new solution.
Scientists want people who do water sports to help them gather coastal climate data. This includes surfers, divers and fishermen. The idea came from new data collected by scientists who are also surfers. The group was led by a scientist in England named Bob Brewin. The group designed a surfboard that could be their laboratory. The results show different water temperatures than what the satellites have shown.
Coastlines are important to the economy. Large amounts of people use them for business and fun. Coastlines are also important for the environment because they are home to many different plants and animals.
Brewin says satellite data alone cannot be trusted. So, his team wants volunteers to gather data during their water activities. The information the volunteers find will be used along with satellite readings. The scientists think this will result in more accurate information. “We can begin to understand how our coastal environment is responding to climate change,” Brewin said.
They want surfers to check water surfaces and divers to measure temperatures deeper in the water. The information would then go into the scientists’ database. Meanwhile, a group of scientists from Europe had another idea. The group is interested in boots that some fishermen use. These boots sense water temperatures. The scientists think the fishermen who wear those boots could be connected to a datacollection system.
Many water sports take place in areas that are important for sea life. These locations can be difficult to check, Brewin says. For example, ocean waves can ruin data-collection floats and boats. So,coastal sea surface temperature records are poor.
1. What’s the problem with satellites?| A．They can’t measure temperatures over the ocean. |
| B．They can’t locate coasts very accurately. |
| C．They might provide unreliable data. |
| D．They break down frequently. |
| A．They turned a surfboard into a lab. |
| B．They did research on water sports. |
| C．They made efforts to learn surfing. |
| D．They made friends with fishermen. |
| A．Analyze satellite readings. |
| B．Compare data from different sources. |
| C．Wear boots designed by Brewin’s group. |
| D．Go into waters of different depths to collect data. |
| A．Surfers face great danger. |
| B．Beaches cover huge areas. |
| C．Data-collection boats are too big. |
| D．Waves damage the measuring equipment. |
| A．The sun is shining stronger. |
| B．His car is giving off too much heat. |
| C．There is more pollution in the air. |
3 . Covid-19 and Climate Change
The World Health Organization officially declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020. This began a sudden drop in human activity, as much of the world went into lockdown and factories stopped operating, cars kept their engines off and planes were grounded.
Climate science can operate in real time.
The pandemic made scientists think about how to monitor greenhouse gas emissions-carbon dioxide in particular—in real time.
No dramatic effects on climate change happen.
We need to find ways to reduce emissions without the economic and social impacts of lockdown. Scientists have estimated that investing just 1.2% of global GDP in economic recovery packages could mean the difference between keeping global temperature rise below 1.5%, and a future where we are facing much more severe impacts—and higher costs. It’s essential that strong climate action is integrated into future investments.
| A．There have been many changes. |
| B．This isn’t a plan for climate action. |
| C．The risks may seem high，but the potential rewards are far higher. |
| D．They used information on lockdown as a mirror for global emissions. |
| E．This period has brought some entirely new and sometimes unexpected insights. |
| F．Unfortunately, green investment is not being made at anything like the level needed. |
| G．In the long term, the pandemic will have less effect on efforts to tackle climate change. |
4 . Climate Acts Must Focus on Youth
Children and young people are bearing the burden of climate change. However, they are consistently overlooked in the design and content of climate policies and related measures. The rights of the youth need to be put in a central place in a country’s climate change plan as extreme weather events are threatening their lives and destroying the infrastructure critical to their well-being.
The scientific community has sounded the alarm that climate change is a global emergency, and the risks of deadly drought, frequent floods, heat waves, extreme weather, and poverty will significantly worsen.
Over half a billion children live in high flood zones and nearly 160 million live in areas of extremely high drought, said a report released in 2015 by the United Nations Children’s Fund, or UNICEF. Polluted air has a huge impact on children’s brain development. It is estimated about 2 billion children live in areas with air quality that is well above international pollution standards. Air pollution, lack of safe water, undernutrition is strongly linked to pneumonia, a leading cause of death among children, killing nearly 2, 400 children a day. The increase of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever has the greatest impacts on children, for example, 90 percent of the disease burden that is attributable to climate change is born by children under the age of five. The UNICEF report said all these challenges are exacerbated by climate change.
Through the intergovernmental cooperation on climate change, the UN has made it clear the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in raising. Actively responding to climate change is not only imperative, but also key to sustainable development for generations to come as children and young people are the future of mankind.
We are all glad to see children and young people are encouraged to play a key role in addressing climate-related risks by promoting environmentally sustainable lifestyles and setting an example for their communities.
1. What’s the author’s main purpose in the first paragraph?| A．To give a summary. | B．To give some evidences. |
| C．To express his emotions. | D．To put forward his view. |
| A．It harms children’s health. | B．It has a huge impact on children’s education. |
| C．It reduces births of new babies. | D．It leads to the change of children’s lifestyle. |
| A．Approving. | B．Intolerable. | C．Concerned. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．Engineers. | B．Environmentalists. | C．Sports fans. | D．Music lovers. |
5 . This year will have been the warmest in the UK, the Met Office has said. Although for many people the record from the year that attracted the most attention was that the summer heatwave reached 40. 3℃, the organization said that more significant was a figure 30 degrees lower-the average temperature over the course of the year.
Although the exact temperature will need to be confirmed in the new year, the Met Office predicted that 2022 is going to exceed (超过)the previous record for the warmest annual average, which was 9. 88C in 2014. Apart from this month, every other month in the UK in 2022 was warmer than average. New Year’s Day 2022 was the warmest on record, exceeding 16℃ in North Wales. Dr. Mark McCarthy, head of the National Climate Information Centre, said: “While many people will remember the summer’s extreme heat, what hurts people most, especially the elderly, this year is the relatively consistent heat through the year. ” Although this summer was the fourth warmest on record, it was the first in which the temperature exceeded 40℃.
McCarthy said that we can expect to see increasingly warmer summers as a consequence of climate change. “The warm year is in line with the impacts we expect as a result of human-related climate change, ”he said. “Although it doesn’t mean every year will be the warmest on record, climate change continues to increase the chances of increasingly warm years over the coming decades. ”Rebecca Newsom, head of politics at Greenpeace UK, said: “These aren’t the kind of records you want to be breaking. Record-breaking investment in the renewable technologies will get us out of this mess.
At present though, Britain is ready for rain, with forecasters warning of difficult driving conditions caused by wet weather over the next few days. Although temperatures will stay mild for much of the UK, the Met Office warned that the rainfall will hit England and Wales this Saturday and Sunday.
1. What will make this year special in the UK?| A．The most visitors will be attracted. |
| B．The warmest year will take place. |
| C．The biggest success will be achieved. |
| D．The highest temperature will be 30℃. |
| A．Every month in the UK was warmer than average. |
| B．Next summer may be the first summer to exceed 40℃. |
| C．Many elderly men may go to hospital for the high heat. |
| D．New Year’s Day was the warmest on record in England. |
| A．Renewable energies can fight climate change well. |
| B．Record of high temperature will be broken next year. |
| C．Politicians should be responsible for the current mess. |
| D．Warm summers are a consequence of human activities. |
| A．Sunny. |
| B．Snowy. |
| C．Cloudy. |
| D．Rainy. |
According to China Daily, the summer of 2022 became the hottest since China’s meteorological (气象学的) records
1. What are the highest temperatures in Northern India now?
| A．About 35℃. | B．Almost 40℃. | C．Over 45℃. |
| A．About 200. | B．About 1,000. | C．About 2,000. |
| A．Government projects will be done at night. |
| B．Bottles of water will be sold at low prices. |
| C．School days will be reduced. |
| A．Cooler. | B．All the same. | C．Hotter. |
8 . Within a few decades, global temperatures are expected to climb to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. And that’s going to be really bad for corals, according to the latest report out from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
So the recent IPCC report says that up to 1.5 we can expect 10 to 30 percent coral survivorship. And above that, it decreases sharply.
Andrea Grottoli is a distinguished professor at the Ohio State University. Amid the doom and gloom of the IPCC report, Grottoli has some rare good news. Corals may be more adaptable to future conditions than we thought.
Her team studied three species of coral from the island of Oahu, in Hawaii. They put them in tanks with either heat stress, more acidic water or both. And what really matters in this study is the one where both increases in temperature and ocean acidification, because that’s exactly what’s happening on reefs now.
Twenty-two months later, they assessed the winners and losers. They found that on average more than half the corals survived. Even after being punished with warmer, more acidic waters — the kind they’d face under two degrees of global warming, the corals survived. Two of the three species were actually physiologically performing normally. They were doing more than surviving. They were coping. They’d adapted. They were doing well.
The results appear in the journal Scientific Reports. Grottoli says the study provides hope. The world’s corals may be more resilient than we thought — especially since one of the Hawaiian species they studied is widespread around the planet.
But will this good news motivate world leaders to control warming? Well, corals may be able to wait just a little longer to find out.
1. What effects does warming have on corals?| A．It helps corals increase. | B．It’s beneficial to corals. |
| C．I helps corals survive. | D．It does harm to corals. |
| A．Expecting things to go well. | B．Feelings of being hopeless and pessimistic. |
| C．Almost total darkness. | D．An idea of what will happen in the future. |
| A．All the three species were performing normally. |
| B．The corals could hardly stand the test conditions. |
| C．The results of the experiment were not significant. |
| D．Temperature rise and ocean acidification go hand in hand. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Ambiguous. | C．Optimistic. | D．Concerned. |
Owing to global warming, sea levels are rising and rain forests are dying. It’s clear that humans
Global warming is causing a set of changes to the earth’s climate
Climate change includes not only rising average temperatures but also extreme weather events and a range of other
What shall we do and what can we do
10 . The climate of any place is the kind of weather it usually has over a long period of time. The houses we live in, the clothes we wear, and the food we eat depend on the climate of the place where we live.
Climate is a pattern (模式) that is not nearly as simple as we think, and it is affected by many factors. For example, the distance to the North or South Pole or to the equator really matters a lot. If you live near either of the poles, you live in a cold climate, for the place where you live does not get as much or as direct sunshine as a place farther away from the poles. In places close to the equator, the climate is very hot, for they are the parts where the sun shines almost straight down.
Whether rain or snow falls makes a great difference to the climate. In hot, dry deserts, little rain falls, but in a hot rainforest, the amount of rainfall is far larger than that in a desert, for there is a heavy rain almost every day, even several times per day. Though a rainforest and a desert may be the same distance from the equator, their climates are rather different from each other. How much rain or snow falls is considered by some to be determined by the winds, the surrounding mountains and the currents (水流) in nearby seas and so on. In short, it is a very complex natural phenomenon (现象).
1. This passage mainly talks about ______.| A．weather | B．different climate |
| C．climate and its determining factors | D．the difference between weather and climate |
| A．almost the same; the general term of weather |
| B．quite different; the average weather conditions at a particular place over a period of time |
| C．not the same; included by weather |
| D．very much alike; bigger and weather is smaller |
| A．the amount of rainfalls |
| B．the winds and the surrounding mountains |
| C．the currents in nearby seas |
| D．How much sunshine the two different places can get |
| A．simple | B．easy to understand | C．rather | D．difficult to understand |
