2 . A new study has found that all dogs have different personalities—even dogs of the same breed(品种).

Elinor Karlsson studies genetics at the University of Massachusetts. She co-wrote a report about the study, which appeared recently in the publication Science.

Karlsson said, “Every dog really is an individual,” noting that there is “a huge amount of difference” even between dogs that look the same.

At a New York dog park, dog owners talked about the different characteristics of their pets. Elizabeth Kelly owns an English springer spaniel. She called her dog friendly, but also “kind of the queen bee.” In other words, her dog likes to act like it is in charge of other dogs. Suly described her yellow Labrador as “calm, lazy and shy.”

The idea of dog breeds is quite recent. Around 160 years ago, humans began to breed dogs to have certain physical qualities, such as fur, color and ear shape.

Karlsson said her aim was to learn how much a dog’s breed affects their behavior. The answer? Breed does not decide an individual dog’s personality.

Karlsson’s team gathered information from 18,000 dog owners and studied the genetic code of over 2,000 dogs. The researchers found that some qualities are based on genetics. However, it is not sure that two dogs of the same breed will behave in the same way.

For example, huskies and beagles, may be more likely to howl—or make a long, loud barking sound. But many of these dogs do not howl, as owner observations showed.

1. What do we know about Karlsson’s report?

A．She wrote it by herself.

B．It was published in Science.

C．She finished it after graduation.

D．It is of little value to her study.

2. What does the underlined “the queen bee” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．A bee that behaves busily.

B．A dog whose name is Queen.

C．A bee that serves the whole group.

D．A dog acting as if it is the most important.

3. What is the purpose of Elinor Karlsson’s study?

A．To help dog owners learn about their dogs better.

B．To prove dog breeds determine their personalities.

C．To study the relationship between dog breeds and behaviors.

D．To show different dogs have different personalities.

4. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．All the dogs can make a long, loud barking.

B．Dogs of the same breed can behave differently.

C．Dogs’ owners may observe their pets carelessly.

D．Huskies and beagles are not the same dog breed.

4 . In 1923, Frank and his daughter Nova took a cross-country drive with Bobbie. During a stop poor Bobbie was _______ after by fierce local dogs. Thinking Bobbie would take care of himself as usual, Frank left for hotel, _______ to find Bobbie return there to join them.

After hours without Bobbie, Frank got _______. Since Bobbie used to respond to the sound of the car horn (喇叭), Frank first drove _______ all around, honking frequently until midnight. Bobbie never appeared. After a week of _______ and placing newspaper advertisements, the _______ family had to give up and start driving home. Fall turning to winter, the family had to _______ the fact that they could no longer share their happiness with beloved Bobbie.

Six _______ later, Nova was walking down a street when she _______ at the sight of a messy and ragged looking figure walking out of woods. His eyes were half-closed and red with ________, his feet bleeding. Nova screamed out “Bobbie” and in moments, aware of something, Bobbie began jumping up again and again to ________ her face, making unclear sounds of relief mixed with sobs of ________. He was skinny, footsore but he was happy to see her. At home he shook his tail, rolled over on his back, held up his pads and fixed the family with his eyes, seemingly to tell them his returning- home ________.

Imagine being 2,500 miles from home with no transportation and you cross freezing cold mountains and deserts for half a year. How incredible! But Bobbie, the Wonder ________, made it, which ________ the hearts of a nation.

1.

A．gone

B．looked

C．run

D．felt

2.

A．expecting

B．failing

C．struggling

D．managing

3.

A．mad

B．disappointed

C．hopeless

D．worried

4.

A．safely

B．smoothly

C．quickly

D．slowly

5.

A．waiting

B．searching

C．driving

D．missing

6.

A．warm-hearted

B．cold-blooded

C．broken-hearted

D．clear-headed

7.

A．accept

B．change

C．assume

D．ignore

8.

A．weeks

B．years

C．months

D．seasons

9.

A．froze

B．escaped

C．fell

D．smiled

10.

A．tears

B．injuries

C．shame

D．excitement

11.

A．kiss

B．meet

C．see

D．avoid

12.

A．pain

B．joy

C．regret

D．gratitude

13.

A．tour

B．view

C．outing

D．adventure

14.

A．Hiker

B．Man

C．Dog

D．Kid

15.

A．broke

B．warmed

C．crossed

D．opened

5 . It’s been discovered that the world’s rarest seal(稀有海豹) uses hidden caves on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus to breed(繁殖) out of sight from humans. Scientists say the caves should now be protected to help the rare Mediterranean monk seals.

Researchers from the University of Exeter and the society for the Protection of Turtles (SPOT), set up cameras in eight caves in northern Cyprus to monitor the monk seal population.

The cameras are started by movement, so they start recording when something passes by. Between 2016 and 2019, the researchers found that three of the caves were used for breeding. One monk seal raised babies three years in a row in the same cave.

There are only around 700 Mediterranean monk seals left in the wild and the species is listed as endangered. In the past, they used beaches along the north coast of Cyprus to breed but human activities such as tourism have gradually forced them to move elsewhere. In 2007, a survey identified 39 possible breeding caves. It was only in 2013, however, that a young seal was spotted in the area around the caves. This confirmation that seals were breeding in the area inspired the team to set up their special cameras in 2016. Knowing about these breeding caves will help experts to track the seal population more accurately.

The researchers now want to give the seals in the area better protection. They’re hoping to make arrangements with local fishermen who set their fishing nets near the caves, which not only takes food from the seals but also risks catching the animals by mistake. The scientists would also like to protect the caves themselves from any nearby building developments. “The main breeding site we identify in this study currently has no protected status, and we are working with local authorities to try to change this,” said Dr. Robin Snape of the University of Exeter.

1. Why do seals breed in caves?

A．To save energy.	B．To avoid human activities.
C．To get food.	D．To adapt to weather change.

2. What encourages the team to set up cameras?

A．Hidden caves in Cyprus.	B．Support from local authorities.
C．The fact of seals breeding in the area.	D．Building developments near beaches.

3. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．It talks about worries about seals.

B．It tells us the public’s expectations.

C．The researchers and scientists are trying to find ways to protect seals.

D．The fishermen’s daily activities are protected.

4. Which is Not true according to the text?

A．The rarest seal uses caves to breed without being found by humans.

B．The researchers use cameras in eight caves to monitor the monk seal population.

C．Local fishermen probably catch the seals by mistake.

D．The local authorities are taking action to protect the endangered seals.

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“A usual boring day!” This would be the answer from Roman if somebody asked him how his day was. These days he found everything boring, and nothing excited him.

One day he was lying on the bed in his room as usual. Suddenly the light went off. His room was rather hot without an air conditioner. Though he did not want to leave his room, he had to. Unwillingly, he left his room and came to the living room. It was slightly cool there as the living room had two huge windows.

His young brother was playing with his friend. They were rolling on the floor. He was looking out for the TV remote, but couldn’t find it. He got up and searched for it everywhere, but the remote was nowhere to be seen. He looked at his brother who was still lying on the floor, playing.

He asked him, “where is the remote?”

“Under the sofa,” his brother yelled.

He tried to look through the remote, but it was dark. He put his hand under the sofa. He touched something, grabbed it and took his hand out. It was a snake in his hand!

Upon seeing that, his brother started to yell, “Snake! Snake!” Mom came as soon as she heard the shouting. She was too horrified to see a snake. She was so scared that she even couldn’t speak a word. Two kids were trying to hide behind each other’s back. “What an old trick!” Roman thought and threw it to the kids.

As the snake landed on the floor and neared the kids, it started moving from the left side to the right. Only then did Roman realize that the snake was real, and not a toy. He threw the snake to kids because he thought it was a fake snake and it was the kids who were playing some tricks.

This time Mom almost got a heart attack. Now Roman was scared, too. The snake was only 10 meters away from the kids and was staring at them. They even couldn’t call the rescue team. There might be some deadly damage before their arrival. There was not much time to think. It was the time for a quick action.

Paragraph 1:

As Roman was farther from the snake, he jumped onto the window and grabbed the curtains.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:

After the rescue team caught and took the snake away, everyone went inside the home.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . If you visit Uluwatu Temple in Bali, take care. The long-tailed macaques(猕猴) there are well-known thieves. Since time out of mind(自古以来) they have made a living by taking away visitors’ belongings and refusing to return them until some food is provided. That is quite clever. But Jean-Baptiste Leca of the University of Lethbridge wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still. Sometimes, they do not accept the first offer and hold out for more. He therefore asked himself whether they are able to assess how valuable an object is to its owner, and use that knowledge in their negotiations.

Experiments conducted in the past with monkeys and apes suggest such primates(灵长类动物) can indeed attach a value to something worthless to them like a colored plastic counter(筹码), by learning that symbols of this sort may be exchanged for food, and that different counters bring different rewards. These findings, however, were based on rules made by humans but followed by lab animals. The macaques of Uluwatu are true wild animals, though ones that are familiar with, and comfortable in the presence of, human beings.

Dr. Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras, recording the robberies. After that, they tried to establish the relative values of food rewards to monkeys, and of stealable objects to people. There are three sorts of rewards: raw eggs, biscuits and small bags of fruit. Different monkeys have different preferences, but Leca established these for individual animals by offering them choices between pairs of goodies. They then observed, from their video recordings, how many times victims bothered to bargain with a thief for the return of property, and thus classified objects into low value (including plastic bottles and key rings), medium value (such as hats and shoes) and high value (like electronics and wallets).

A close analysis showed that monkeys do, indeed, have a complicated sense of what they are doing — at least, adults and sub-adults do. For these animal thieves, high-value items are their first choice, and they will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items. But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up.

1. Why should visitors be careful in Uluwatu Temple?

A．There are strict rules in the temple.	B．There are many thieves and cheats.
C．Some wild animals may attack them.	D．Monkeys may steal their possessions.

2. In what way were previous experiments different from Leca’s?

A．They focused on symbols and rewards.

B．They were conducted in an artificial setting.

C．They looked at how monkeys and apes learned.

D．They mainly examined how primates used counters.

3. What did Leca and his colleagues’ research prove?

A．There is a reward system among adult monkeys.

B．Young macaques are born with negotiating skills

C．Monkeys have a great ability to sense human feelings.

D．Long-tailed macaques can recognize high-value objects.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．Name your price	B．Threats to macaques
C．Welcome to Uluwatu Temple	D．Various survival skill in nature

9 . Cetaceans(鲸目动物) communicate through sound to find food and to interact socially. Their sounds vary between species and within communities. The long-finned pilot whales can mimic (模仿) artificial noise, but nobody had previously recorded them. A new study, however, found overlap in the cetacean sound book.

Pilot whales and orcas(虎鲸)，the two largest species of cetaceans, are often seen in the same environments and are similar sizes, and both live in social groups with strong union, says Charlotte Cure, a researcher at CEREMA Lab in France, who was not involved in the study. Orcas compete for food with long-finned pilot whales and are potentially their predators.

Evidence from orca stomachs shows they do occasionally eat pilot whales. But pilot whales can mob(成群田住) and chase them away, the only cetaceans seen defending themselves from the strong enemies in this way.

Mimicry could serve as additional defense; “One assumption is that if they use similar sounds, they may not be recognized as prey," Erbe says. Pilot whales eating orcas' food remains might go unnoticed if they use orca-like calls. “This is all underwater," she adds, “so these animals rely on sound for detecting their prey and predators.”Long-finned pilot whales have shown an ability to distinguish between orca calls with different meanings; Cure suggests that instead of tricking orcas, the callers could instead be presenting a new orca sound to other group members.

Additional work would confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring. Researchers could pair their listening data with direct observations of the animals' interactions in the wild or perhaps even play orca sounds and watch the whales' reactions.

But if a future experiment used predatory sounds, it would need to be done. very carefully.“A reaction to a predator can be very strong," Cure says.“In some protected areas, you are not allowed to do more than two predatory playbacks per year."

1. Which of the following is NOT shared by the pilot whales and orcas?

A．They communicate through sound.

B．They often live in the same environments.

C．They can defend themselves through mimicry.

D．They always live together with other group members.

2. What do we know from the fourth paragraph?

A．The pilot whales mimic the sounds to detect their prey.

B．The pilot whales only mimic one kind of the sounds of the orcas.

C．The pilot whales can pretend to be orcas to share the food remains.

D．The pilot whales can distinguish different meanings of orca calls to trick them.

3. How do the researchers confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring?

A．By observing the whales from the distance.

B．By mimicking the sounds in the experiment.

C．By analyzing the data from the cetacean sound book.

D．By listening or playing the sounds and watching the whales' reactions.

4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Pilot Whales: Copy Orca Calls	B．How Orcas Mimic Pilot Whale Calls
C．How Pilot Whales Defend Themselves	D．Orcas and Pilot Whales: Predators and Prey

10 . For ten years my father had been fighting cancer. Now he was forced into the hospital because of an infection. I sensed he_________being there, but he hardly complained. That wasn't his_________

One night after_________ to call a nurse, he tried to reach the bathroom on his own and fell, getting his_________ injured. When I saw his wounded head the next day, I felt my helpless anger_________.Why isn't anything I can do? I thought. As if_________ my thoughts, when the lift I waited for opened, two dogs greeted me. I was_________ that hospital rules should allow it.

A(n) _________ grew as I walked to my car.I_________ that if I could give my dad nothing else, I was going to give him some__________ with his beloved dog Boots. When dad was at home, Boots was always there, watching him protectively. When dad had to go to the hospital, Boots waited and jumped every time a car__________ to the house. Later that day I came back for another__________, bringing Boots. Upon arrival, Boots flew out of the car and dragged me through the hospital lobby.__________, she knew to stop directly in front of the very lift.__________ she had never been here before, when the lift door opened, she ran directly into the room. Ever so gently, she crawled into my father's open arms, not touching his __________ sides and laid her face next to his. For the first time in a long time, I saw my father’s broad smile.

1.

A．escaped

B．missed

C．avoided

D．hated

2.

A．way

B．aim

C．view

D．reply

3.

A．battling

B．failing

C．seeking

D．sweating

4.

A．hand

B．foot

C．knee

D．head

5.

A．exist

B．spread

C．rise

D．recover

6.

A．in search for

B．in response to

C．in honor of

D．in common with

7.

A．alarmed

B．satisfied

C．shocked

D．concerned

8.

A．reflection

B．impression

C．tension

D．inspiration

9.

A．admitted

B．expected

C．doubted

D．decided

10.

A．minutes

B．struggles

C．adventure

D．impression

11.

A．set off

B．pulled up

C．pushed over

D．shot up

12.

A．visit

B．check

C．occasion

D．contact

13.

A．Definitely

B．Frankly

C．Surprisingly

D．Immediately

14.

A．Although

B．Unless

C．Since

D．Once

15.

A．aching

B．moving

C．thin

D．strong