1 . Hundreds of years before the founding of Rome, the Maori people had sailed across seas in small boats. Their rich knowledge of the starry dark sky helped them _______ the seas without the help of compasses (指南针).

“Our ancestors sailed across the seas for different _______,” says Rangi Matamua, one of the Maori experts who are leading the way to raise awareness of the cultural _______ of dark sky in New Zealand. “They were on the seas to fish or ______ new continents for settlements.” The dark sky was more than just a sailing ______ for the Maori people. They formed a sense of familiarity with the stars.

“They didn’t feel ______ on the oceans since they had all the ______ accompanying them in the sky,” adds Rangi Matamua. “To some degree, our beliefs come out of their ______ of the starry dark sky.”

The dark sky is not just important for the Maori people. Looking at the sky and ______ to it sits at the heart of humanity. It’s one of the earliest activities every ______ on the planet did, and the dark sky is ______ connected to who we are as humans.

When we start to ______ that bond because of light pollution, we change who we are as apeople. We’re changing the way we ______ our world and the things that are important to us. ______, we need to try and put together better ways of using lights and ______ our starry dark sky.

2 . The picture of miseries and sufferings of the Black woman in America may appear, perhaps darker and more depressing than Dante’s (但丁) description of Hell because in the history of human race, the Black woman in America has suffered the most. A close and critical _______ of the history of the Black woman’s life and condition since her arrival in a strange land will unfold very well the long story of her pain and sorrow_______ her mutilated (被切断的) soul. Since her arrival on the foreign shore, the Black woman has been facing the worst kind of ______ and oppression. As a Black she has had to endure all the horrors of slavery and has been the _______ of continually inhumane treatment in all kinds of work, _______ the lowest place on the wage scale and restricted to the lowest-status and the most uncreative jobs. Since times of slavery, Black womanhood has been destroyed, twisted and abused with racial and inhuman _______ by black men and white men and women. In the process, they have lost their genuine “self”, and have developed a(n) ______ in themselves — though as black women, they see themselves with the eyes of white men and women and black men. This has ultimately been responsible for the destruction of their self-confidence and the feeling of being human. They ______ themselves as masters’ belongings.

As a mother she has seen her children sold into slavery. She has seen them left at home without attention while she _______ to the needs of the children of the ruling class. She has seen her children suffer from drug addiction, the _______ of decent education and experience attacks by a racist society, and _______ the prisons of this nation. In addition, besides suffering the common fate of all oppressed people, the African-American women continue to _______ the oppression of woman by men, which existed for long. In the home she becomes “the slave of a slave”. Men may be cruelly treated and subjected to all sorts of dehumanizing treatment on the part of the ruling class. _______, at least they can take out their frustration on someone else, their women.

Thus feminism in America means much more than what it stands for in other European countries, chiefly because it has different role and meaning _______ the Black women. If a feminist is commonly defined as one who is involved in transforming and _______ familiar realities, then Black women are innate (天生的) feminists. Black women writing exhibits and constructs a Black women’s literary tradition that is inherently feminist. Barbara Smith, an influential Black feminist critic, states that the ability of Black women to survive in the face of White America exhibits an innate feminist potential.

3 . The red star over China is shining brightly on its sixty-fifth birthday. And why is that? There are many reasons. First of all, there is peace and prosperity (繁荣) in China. The country isn’t at war and most Chinese are living _________ and more comfortable lives than at _________ in history. And things will get even better in the future.

The Chinese economy is a world wonder— grow so quickly, so many buildings and so many new businesses. China is now the_________ economic country in the world only next to America. Some believe that China will be Number One _________ the year 2030. What amazing _________! And what does that mean for you? It means that there will be lots of chances for you to do good jobs and to use all of your talents.

The rest of the world has started to take a closer _________ at China and they like what they see. In recent world wide survey, almost seventy percent of the people said they had a “positive image” of China. They thought China is beautiful and they are _________ in what is happening in China.

And it is not only because of economy, _________ Chinese culture. Zhang Ziyi and Gongli are famous all over the world, as well as the movie director Ang Lee. Writers like Gao Xingjian and Ba jin have won international awards. And painters, such as Wu Zuoren are selling their works for record high prices. This _________ China seem pretty cool and it really is!

So happy birthday, China! We are__________ you!

4 . Alifa Chin is a 13-year-old Bangladeshi girl whose last name sometimes leads to her being mistaken for a Chinese.

“I like my name very much. I think my name is the _________ of friendship between Bangladesh and China,” she said. In 2010, Chin’s mother, Jannatul Ferdous, was unable to _________ naturally due to a serious heart problem. Local doctors failed to _________ the necessary surgery (外科手术).

_________, the Chinese navy’s Peace Ark hospital ship was about to arrive to provide medical _________ for locals in Chittagong. “Now we feel _________ for the efforts of Chinese doctors and nurses that help me give birth to a healthy baby,” Ferdous said.

This year, Chin wrote a letter to President Xi Jinping to _________ her gratitude. To the family’s _________, Xi wrote back. In the letter, Xi _________ her to study hard, pursue her dream and carry forward the __________ friendship between China and Bangladesh.

“To __________ President Xi’s expectations, I will study medical science to help those in need,” she said.

The girl’s father said, “We didn’t __________ that our daughter would receive the letter from the Chinese president. This is the most __________ thing in our life.”

“We have seen how people in other countries have gained a better understanding of China through the medical __________. To local residents, China is a major country that is responsible, peace-loving and always __________,” she said.

5 . The United States you may not know

The United States is the only superpower in the world, and it is far more advanced than any other country. However, we can’t simply owe its _________ and prosperity to its lucky escape from the destruction of the two world wars. What other nations should _________ is the American spirit and its social system.

The most obvious features of the American spirit are _________ and pragmatism (务实思想). Nearly 70% of the important inventions have been made in the US since the first industrial revolution. Since the US occupies such an important position in science and technology, naturally it has become the first superpower in the world.

Americans are always _________ with what they have achieved, and they have an appetite for adventure over the love of _________. European countries have been pursuing a reformist policy of “high tax and high welfare” since the 1960s, while only the US _________ the policy of “high risk and high return”. _________ , the US has become the leader of the third industrial revolution (in technology of information, materials and biology).

High salary is not the only _________ that the talents from other countries find in the United States. Some characteristics of American society should not be _________. Family backgrounds and great wisdom in building connections and playing up to the boss, to which great importance is attached in other countries, are not so important to __________ development in the US. Most people are on the same starting line, and whether one can succeed or not depends on his own ability and hard work.

However, the American character is full of paradoxes (矛盾). The American people are both extremely romantic and pragmatic. The American is a(n) __________ people, but in every field there are workaholics. The Americans are open-minded but they are very conservative on certain matters. Since China’s reform and opening-up to the outside world, many media in Western countries have greatly __________ their attitudes towards China. However, the American media are singing the same old tune against China as they were in the Cold War period. The Americans __________ freedom, but their government is very fond of interfering in other countries’ internal affairs. What’s most puzzling is that the Americans __________ authority, but they highly respect the laws and regulations of the society. Therefore, in such a nation that values personal liberty, the society can still be kept in good order and operate with high __________ . Is it odd? No one can provide a satisfactory answer.

6 . Nunavut is a faraway polar area in Canada. Here_______ is so expensive that people regularly post photos in a Facebook group called Feeding My Family to _______ the prices at their local stores. Leesee Papatsie, founder of the Facebook group, says she has to _______ at least $500 a week to feed her family of five and that’s just for _______.

Because it costs a lot to fly food into the _______ area, there’s not much that can be done to reduce _______. That’s why “country foods”, such as polar bears, seals and whales, are _______.

Such _______ foods, which are often consumed raw, frozen or dried, are rich in the vitamins and nutrients people need to stay _______ in the hard conditions. The parts of the ________ that can’t be eaten, like the fur and skins, are used to create clothes and other products that hunters can sell to make a(n) ________.

People in Nunavut also hold community feasts to make sure no one goes ________. Hunters will share their ________and everyone enjoys the meal in each other’s company. This is especially ________ for families who may not have the equipment or skills to hunt.

Food sharing occurs on a smaller scale too, and is a(n) ________ part of life in Nunavut. Papatsie ________ how her parents would prepare large breakfasts every day and invite neighbors or community members over to ________.

“Eating together is one of the ________ that have kept us alive for thousands of years,” she says. “But the best way to ________ is to invest in programs that keep the traditions alive by teaching our ________ about hunting, harvesting and other arts and crafts and pass them on.”

7 . The name “Canada” comes from “kanata”, the Iroquois-Huron word for “village”. The Iroquois used the word to ___________ the village of Stadacona, present-day Quebec City. With the story ___________, you’ll find the ___________ of the early locals and European conquers.

During his second ___________ to “New France” in 1535, Jacques Cartier, an energetic and ___________ French explorer, sailed up the Saint Lawrence River for the first time. The kind Iroquois ___________ him in the direction of “kanata”, the village at Stadacona, which Cartier interpreted ___________ as a reference to both the village of Stadacona and the ___________ wide area subject to the Iroquois chief. During Cartier’s ___________, the French established along the Saint Lawrence the colony of “Canada”, the first colony in the ____________ that the French called “New France”.

By 1547, ____________ maps were showing the name Canada and “Canada” began to ____________. As the country expanded to the west and the south in the 1700s, “Canada” was the ____________name of the territory spanning the American Midwest, ____________ as far south as what is now the state of Louisiana.

After the British conquered New France in 1763, the ____________ was renamed the Province of Quebec. Then, as British loyalists ____________ north during and after the American Revolutionary War, Quebec was divided in 1791 ____________ the colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. In 1841, the two colonies were ____________ under one name, the Province of Canada. It came as no ____________ that the country’s name was   officially changed to “Canada” in 1982 when the Canada Act was passed, and it’s been ____________ by that name ever since.

8 . Most Africans are poor, not because they are really poor, but because _______ decides to describe them as such.

My 95-year-old grandfather is “poor”, too. He certainly lives on “less than a dollar a day”. But during all his past time, he has never been _______ anything, and not begged. He was only in school for a year in the 1930s and learned to read and write. This is _______ he is living.

My grandfather usually goes to pick up bananas for his dinner on his farm when he wants _______ . There are other fruits and all kinds of vegetables. 365 days a year, he raises tens of cows that _______ him with milk every day. He also has about 20 goats. In Uganda (乌干达), goat milk is generally not considered _______, possibly due to too much cow milk that tastes good, so we never milk goats. He would _______ a couple of them to get enough money to send his children to school. He also kept a few chicks _______ a hobby.

His farm produces more than he can use. He sells some of them to buy something _______ for life. He has eleven children, and my mother was his first kid. He sent ________ of them to school, and saw eight of them through college. He sold at least two cows, some goats and something else each school term to send his every child to school.

He has never ________ food and daily things. He has been like this for the past 75 years.

Why the long story? My grandfather is ________ poor, just like millions of other Africans. He holds almost no money with him, and in fact he ________ needs it. He produces most of what he needs. But using the Standard World Bank, my grandfather is really poor.

But what’s the ________ ? I live in the city and can earn about 12,000 dollars a year after tax, which is a high salary in Uganda. But I can hardly support my family as ________ and comfortably as my grandfather. So what on earth is poor?

9 . Philosophy is a systematic and reflective thinking on life. In thinking, the thinker is usually ________by the surroundings in which he lives. This is true of an individual, as it is also true of ________

To the ancient Chinese their land was the world.There are two expressions in Chinese which can both be ________as the world: “all beneath the sky” and “all within the four seas.” To the people of a maritime (沿海的) country such as the Greeks it would be ________ that expressions like these could be synonymous.

The ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers not only lived under different geographic conditions, but different________ones as well. Since China is a ________country, the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth. ________, throughout Chinese history, social and economic thinking and policy have________ the employment and distribution of land.

In the social and economic thinking of Chinese philosophers, there is a________between what they call “the root (本)” and “the branch (末).” “The root” refers to agriculture and “the branch” to________. The people who deal with the “branch” were the merchants. They were the________and lowest of the four traditional classes of society, the other three being scholars, farmers, and artisans. Scholars and farmers were________then in China. The scholars did not actually________ the land themselves, but since they were usually landlords, their fortunes were________with agriculture, and therefore their reaction to the universe and their________on life were essentially those of the farmer.

Philosophy gives us an ideal of life. Through studying philosophy, we know both this world and ourselves better.

10 . As dawn breaks at the edge of the Sahara, Ibrahim and his wife Miriam are packing up their home. They and other Tuareg _______ are moving to a new location. This routine is typical. Their life is one of _______.

There are nomadic (游牧的) people in Africa, Central Asia and above the Arctic Circle. Many _______ were once nomadic, but these days the numbers are _______. It is not known how many Tuareg there are, but _______ range from 1million to 1.5 million.

Most of Tuareg lead a nomadic lifestyle based on trade and livestock, _______ goats, sheep, cattle and camels. The men are sometimes called “Blue Men” because of their _______ blue clothing. The blue _______ protects their faces from the sun and sand. It also stains (染色) their skin and defines their unique _______.

The homes of the Tuareg are simple ________. They usually have a light wood frame and are ________ with animal skins or mats. This makes ________ easy to take the tent down and put it up. When a woman marries, her family ________ a tent for her.

Nowadays, customs and traditions are ________. More and more nomadic people are starting to farm, or moving to cities to work. But many Tuareg are still ________ their traditional way of life.