环境保护练习题及答案-上海高中英语高二-组卷网

书信写作-其他应用文 | 较易(0.85) |

计划环境保护

名校

1 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
6月 5 日世界环境日 International Environment Day将至, 你所在的班级准备以此为契机筹划一次班级主题活动，你积极参与筹划并设计了一个活动方案，请你在全班同学面前介绍你的方案。介绍包括以下两个方面：
1、简述你活动方案的主题和内容。
2、谈谈你设计该活动方案的理由。
(文中不能涉及真实信息)
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7日内更新 | 11次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市敬业中学2023-2024学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

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23-24高二下·上海·期中

书面表达-概要写作 | 较难(0.4) |

环境保护社会问题与社会现象

2 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

The Problem With Fast Fashion

There’s nothing quite like new clothes, is there? The UK certainly loves them. According to a report by the Environmental Audit Committee (EAC), the UK consumes five times more clothes today than it did in the 1980s. That’s more than any other nation in Europe and amounts to around

26.7 kg per person.This results in 235 million garments being dumped into landfills - victims of fast fashion.

Fast fashion is defined as “an accelerated fashion business model ”involving “increased numbers of new fashion collections every year,” “quick turnarounds(周转期)”and “lower prices,” according to the EAC. Globalization means that clothing is made in countries where labour is cheaper. These savings are passed on to consumers, who then consider the clothes they own disposable - easily replaceable with something more trendy. And that creates problems.

First, there’re the environmental costs. Manufacturing any kind of textile costs resources. For example, synthetic fibres, which are made from plastic, have a larger carbon footprint than natural ones. Natural fibres, although more carbon-efficient, still require more water to grow. And further resources are used as the cloth is dyed, made into clothing and transported to retail for sale. Secondly, the fast-fashion industry is under pressure to put the latest trending items on shelves faster, which can lead to workers being exploited and forced to labour in poor working conditions. In countries such as Bangladesh, Ethiopia and the Philippines, workers are paid wages that are insufficient to live on. One worker in Ethiopia told the BBC that they had to deal with intolerable conditions, such as withheld overtime payments, verbal abuse, and unsanitary toilets.

So what can be done in the UK to reduce clothing waste? The EAC has recommended eighteen improvements to the UK government, from increasing tax on purchases to fund recycling centres to introducing more sewing lessons in schools, encouraging a make do and mend attitude when things become worn out.

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2024-05-05更新 | 15次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市零陵中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷

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23-24高二下·上海松江·阶段练习

书信写作-演讲稿 | 适中(0.65) |

环境保护

3 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
焚烧化石燃料(如石油、煤炭等)产生大量二氧化碳等温室气体，这些温室气体对太阳辐射中的可见光具有高度透过性，而对来自地面的长波辐射具有高度吸收性，能大量吸收地面辐射中的红外线，导致全球变暖。写一篇演讲稿，主题是“面对全球变暖，我们能做些什么？”，向同班同学宣传。
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2024-03-12更新 | 33次组卷 | 2卷引用：上海市上海市松江区华东政法大学附属松江高级中学2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题

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23-24高二上·上海闵行·阶段练习

语法填空-短文语填(约340词) | 适中(0.65) |

人口环境保护

名校

文章大意：这是一篇说明文。养活不断增长的人口的需要给世界水资源供应带来了很大的压力。由于世界上97%的水太咸，不能饮用或用于农业，世界范围内的水供应需要仔细管理，特别是在农业方面。

4 . Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’s supply of water. With 97% of the world’s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. 1 the idea of a water shortage seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world’s agricultural industries 2 (experience) constant water shortages.

Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. One typical example is 3 where valleys are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to 4 . Each country 5 therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.

This is particularly 6 (trouble) for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation. In Texas, farmers’ overuse of irrigation water 7 (result) in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provides water 8 farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use is being poorly managed.

Saudi Arabia’s attempts 9 (grow) wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping 10 (see) them run dry.

2024-01-11更新 | 92次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市闵行中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月英语学情调研英语试题

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23-24高二上·上海·阶段练习

选词填空-短文选词填空 | 适中(0.65) |

环境保护

名校

文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是服装会导致气候变化，但是却一直被忽视，文章分析了它被忽视的原因和为了应对气候变化，服装行业和人们应该怎么做。

5 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. prevented B. stubbornly C. banning D. attention E ignore
F. fortunately G. overlooked H. track I. extend J. solution K. bowing

Climate protests drew millions around the world in September. Many of the Democratic presidential candidates have rolled out ambitious plans to cut carbon while making the economy greener. And yet a leading cause of climate change remains persistently 1 : clothing.

The clothing and footwear industry is responsible for 8 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Without intervention (干预), the industry’s impact on the climate is on 2 to increase by almost half by 2030.

Clothes are easy to 3 because they are made far away and have throughout history been made by low-paid laborers. But clothing affects every other environmental problem we care about. A cotton T-shirt requires thousands of gallons of water to make. And when the polyester or nylon clothes get washed, they junk up our oceans with microplastic pollution.

But 4 , some clothing companies are waking up to the climate crisis. A growing number of brands are 5 to grass-roots pressure and consumer surveys that show that sustainability and ethics are top concerns for young shoppers.

But fashion can’t go green by itself. It won’t even make a dent (凹痕) in the problem without international cooperation and mainstream 6 .

The clothing industry, like most industries, is also 7 reliant on fossil fuels. They’re used to fire up boilers in textile mills, to make the pesticides dumped onto cotton fields and to produce the gobs of chemicals that dye and finish fabrics. Getting clothing off oil will not be easy.

Consumers have an important part to play in making fashion sustainable. We can work to 8 the life of all clothes by switching more of our purchases to secondhand and online resale, renting for special occasions, and repairing clothes instead of throwing them away.

We need activists, journalists, scientists and academics who focus on sustainability to include clothing in their work. And we need government action and innovative policy that addresses the global impact of the stuff we buy. For example, France has passed a bill 9 the destruction of unsold clothing.

But first we need all people who care about climate change to understand that they’re part of the problem and the 10 , just by wearing clothes.

2023-12-17更新 | 62次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市光明中学2023-2024学年高二上学期第二次学业质量调研英语试卷

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23-24高二上·上海·期中

语法填空-短文语填(约320词) | 较难(0.4) |

环境保护

名校

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了优步外卖公司推出回收可重复使用包装的试点项目，旨在解决一次性包装问题，提高再利用系统的采用率，并增加方便性。

6 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank

Uber Eats pilots reusable container scheme

From today (Tuesday 18 April, 2023) Uber Eats customers in Central London will be given the option to order their takeaway in reusable containers and easily return them in an attempt 1 (address) single use packaging.

2 (Bring) together various businesses, the project will test and measure how localized doorstep at-home collections of reusable packaging can increase the adoption rate of a reuse system and improve convenience. The system has been developed to make 3 as easy and convenient as possible for people to take part. When placing their orders, Uber Eats customers can choose to receive their food in reusable packaging. Once they’ve enjoyed their meals, 4 they need to do is to scan a QR code, select a day for collection, give the containers a simple rinse and await collection. All collections are low or no emissions, 5 (make) by deliverymen using bikes, electric cars or vans.

The trial will run for six months and will be managed by Again, which operates a network of packaging cleaning facilities 6 the reusable packaging will be cleaned and processed before being returned to the restaurants. Various promotions 7 (test) throughout the trial to measure opt-in rate and return rate. “This pilot aims to make reusable packing 8 (accessible) for customers and restaurants alike,” says Matthew Price, Uber Eats General Manager. “By integrating the reuse option 9 a delivery app used by many households and by offering doorstep collections, we hope to see a significant increase in the use of reusable takeaway packaging. The trial will help create 10 better understanding of what works and what doesn’t at a local level, and hopefully lead to wider roll out of this reuse system across more businesses and areas.”

2023-11-25更新 | 264次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷

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23-24高二上·上海·阶段练习

阅读理解-六选四(约310词) | 适中(0.65) |

方法/策略环境保护

名校

文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了荒漠化发生的原因以及减缓或阻止荒漠化的建议。

7 . Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification.

Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. 1 . The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They ave been completely buried by the stand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts.

The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. 2 Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.

3 Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming., these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding ti what is known as the greenhouse effect.

What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first steps are to find new water sources. 4 Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.

A．It generally arises from two related causes.

B．It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer.

C．Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification.

D．They destroy the land, as the oil dries out and is then blown away.

E．Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field.

F．This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available.

2023-10-13更新 | 61次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试卷

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23-24高二上·上海浦东新·开学考试

语法填空-短文语填(约300词) | 适中(0.65) |

动物环境保护

文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是最近，来自30个州的高级官员和专家开会讨论如何保护非洲大象。

8 . Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The illegal ivory trade (象牙贸易) has been a major problem in Africa for decades. Poachers (偷猎者) and hunters have killed hundreds of thousands of elephants to obtain this precious material. Now the areas in which they do it are taking action. The International Union for Conservation (保护) of Nature (IUCN) announced on Dec 3 that key states 1 poaching takes place have made a promise to stop the ivory trade and protect Africa’s elephants.

Recently, top officials and experts from 30 states met to discuss how to protect Africa elephants. The conference, 2 (organize) by the IUCN and the government of Botswana, was held in Gaborone, Botswana’s capital city.

In 3 1980s, as many as 1 million elephants across Africa were killed for ivory. The ivory 4 (use) to make jewelry and other items. This continued until 1989, 5 the convention (大会) on International Trade in Species voted to ban all trade in ivory. Then, elephants’ population slowly began to increase.

According to the IUCN, 2011 saw the highest levels of poaching and illegal ivory trading in at least 16 years. Around 25,000 elephants were killed in Africa that year. “With an estimated 22,000 elephants illegally 6 (kill) in 2012, we continue to face a critical situation,” said John E. Scanlon, CITES Secretary- General.

At the meeting, key Africa states where elephants make 7 home agreed to develop a “zero-tolerance approach” to poaching. The deal calls for tough sentences for poachers and hunters, and increased cooperation between states where poaching and hunting is a big problem. All participants at the conference agreed to sign the deal. With these states 8 (come) together, there may be hope for elephants.

2023-08-15更新 | 67次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海浦东新区2023-2024学年高二上学期开学摸底英语考试

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22-23高二下·上海·期中

阅读理解-六选四(约310词) | 适中(0.65) |

环境保护

名校

文章大意：这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了哥伦比亚的一个环保组织正在咖啡种植者的帮助下领导一个拯救圣卢卡斯山脉野生地区的项目。其目标是限制圣卢卡斯北部地区的额外开发，该地区拥有丰富的生物多样性，这意味着那里生活着多种形式的生命。

9 . An environmental group in Colombia is leading a project to save wild areas in the San Lucas mountains with the help of coffee growers. 1 Colombia has more different kinds of living things than any country after neighboring Brazil, but destruction of forests has increased since 2016.

Government information shows that in 2017, almost 220,000 hectares of forest were destroyed compared to 124,000 hectares in 2015. Areas like San Lucas have been threatened by mining and growers of coca plants, which are used to make the drug cocaine.

To date, the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants. WebConserva said the project costs about $77,000 dollars a year. The group said it hopes that, in time, 200 families will be included. At that level, 20,000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected. In San Lucas, the families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals from the forest. 2

Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part. His new coffee plantation establishes a barrier between cattle ranches and forests where wild animals like the jaguar live and hunt. The presence of the coffee fields reduces the likelihood that there will be conflict between cattle ranchers and the big cats. Barajas said that cutting down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against his faith. 3 “I’m taking care of the environment, the forest and the animals, so that I don’t end up ruined as well,” he said.

Arnobis Romero is a former coca grower and miner. He said many families depended on illegal activities to support their children. For example, at times one kilogram of Coca could be sold for $760. Romero said, “We feel really proud to look after this biodiversity and to leave it... for future generations.”

4 But each year, hundreds of thousands of hectares of land are destroyed. Activists want San Lucas to be protected as a national park, but the process has been slow.

A．In return, they receive $250 to $300 for 125 kilograms of coffee.

B．It protects forests, biodiversity and ecosystems at the same time.

C．Colombia has set aside 16 percent of its territory as protected land.

D．Gold mining and coca farming make more money than coffee growing.

E．But now he feels that growing coffee lets him be a good steward of the land.

F．The goal is to limit additional development in the northern San Lucas area which is rich in biodiversity, meaning many forms of life live there.

2023-05-08更新 | 92次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（含听力）

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2023高二下·上海·期中

完形填空(约440词) | 适中(0.65) |

环境保护说明文建筑

名校

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来，关于建筑对自然环境影响的信息层出不穷，所以绿色设计的理念日益受到欢迎，但是绿色建造却并未流行起来，文章分析了原因并提供了一些建议。

10 . There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green construction design strives to _________ others of its effectiveness and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a _________ level.

Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a (n) _________ way, that doesn’t translate into a booming green construction industry. Likewise, the fact that plenty of architectural firms have experience in green design is not enough to make green construction _________. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact _________ the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be _________ into the design.

The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in _________ the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. Owners who _________ the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often run into trouble once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. _________, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.

In some cases, an owner may be __________ of the latest trends in green building design, which, however, does not necessarily lead to an interpretation that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and __________ the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives. In this way, he may turn a project originally not __________green design into a potential candidate.

Typically, when condiering whether or not to adopt a green __________, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers are not involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they have a role to play from they outset, since green design demands__________between these disciplines, which requires additional cost. However, there are examples of green design which have demonstrated__________costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construnction.

1.

A．preserve

B．convince

C．exploit

D．accuse

2.

A．pracical

B．measured

C．tremendous

D．theoretial

3.

A．professional

B．groundbreaking

C．innovative

D．sustainable

4.

A．tap into experience

B．live up to its name

C．rise to fame

D．come into being

5.

A．refers to

B．lies with

C．races against

D．calls on

6.

A．knocked

B．loaded

C．factored

D．stuffed

7.

A．concluding

B．stressing

C．ensuring

D．acknowledging

8.

A．skip

B．transport

C．isolate

D．cover

9.

A．As a result

B．On the contrary

C．What’s more

D．However

10.

A．ignorant

B．aware

C．critical

D．capable

11.

A．promote

B．perceive

C．attribute

D．impose

12.

A．applited to

B．anxious for

C．destined for

D．specific about

13.

A．gesture

B．approach

C．origin

D．patent

14.

A．competition

B．calculation

C．cooperation

D．distinction

15.

A．increased

B．extra

C．fixed

D．lower

2023-04-26更新 | 180次组卷 | 4卷引用：上海市上海中学2022--2023学年高二下学期期中英语试卷

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