1 . I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to El Capitain, a
About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of
I tried
In 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a
Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash.
I often hear people
| A．distant | B．huge | C．narrow | D．loose |
| A．immediately | B．finally | C．gradually | D．recently |
| A．imagining | B．painting | C．describing | D．climbing |
| A．garden | B．home | C．lab | D．palace |
| A．material | B．resources | C．waste | D．goods |
| A．more | B．most | C．less | D．least |
| A．throwing away | B．picking up | C．breaking down | D．digging out |
| A．kill | B．save | C．wait | D．spend |
| A．cleanup | B．party | C．picnic | D．concert |
| A．dropped out | B．showed up | C．looked around | D．called back |
| A．demand | B．receive | C．achieve | D．overcome |
| A．plan | B．visit | C．contact | D．difference |
| A．talk | B．complain | C．argue | D．quarrel |
| A．doing | B．thinking | C．questioning | D．watching |
| A．method | B．explanation | C．example | D．research |
2 . Minh Anh Ho is sitting beside a microscope. Many people are busy with other tasks. One is interviewing the mayor for a TV news station. Another is running the electric company. As a researcher for a company that repurposes plastic, Minh Anh Ho is studying a sheet of cling wrap (保鲜膜). “It’s a really important job,” she says. “Plastic takes a really long time to disappear, so it would be good to come up with something else to do with it and not just throw it away.”
The learning center where Minh Anh Ho and her class are spending their day is designed to introduce kids to working life. Students run an imaginary town, with each kid doing a different job in a different business. Each year, about 83% of all sixth graders in Finland go through the program. It teaches them not just about business and working, but also, as Minh Anh Ho’s “job” makes clear, about the circular (循环) economy.
Most societies have linear (线性) economies, which operate on a “take, make, waste” model. Natural resources are taken from the Earth and made into products, which are usually thrown away if left over. In 2016, Finland became the first country to use a “road map” to a circular economy. This model focuses on the transformation of existing products. Businesses rely on recycled or repurposed materials and use less raw (未经加工的) material to make their products. That reduces the amount of waste going into landfills.
Education has always been a central part of Finland’s plan. Kindergarten director Liisa Woitsch is sitting on the floor with students and a broken wooden chair. “Do we just throw it away now,” she asks, “or can you think of anything else that can be done with it?” A little boy pounds on the chair. He says it can be used as a drum.
Anssi Almgren helped design the program. “Children have so many great ideas,” he says. “We want to enable them to think about solutions. But changing a society by educating its youth takes time.”
1. The author describes the learning center in paragraph 1 to ________.| A．make readers better understand the program |
| B．show how excited the students are |
| C．express his concern over the program |
| D．praise the students’ concentration |
| A．By providing reasons. | B．By following time order. |
| C．By making comparisons. | D．By giving examples. |
| A．To reduce the waste of resources. | B．To keep a higher living standard. |
| C．To increase the use of raw material. | D．To discover new types of natural resources. |
| A．The lessons from a learning center. | B．An introduction to linear economies. |
| C．The education on the circular economy. | D．Finland’s plans on economic development. |
3 . Young Alison Teal never rode in a pushchair or played on a swing on the playground.
Between journeys they would return home to quiet part of the Big Island of Hawaii. Her front yard was the ocean, and her friends were dolphins.
Along with sharing her mission with her Instagram followers, the conservationist gave a TED talk on her discover.
| A．How did Alison become a filmmaker? |
| B．What was their way of playing catch? |
| C．She launched a line of recycled surfboards. |
| D．At an early age, she began exploring the world. |
| E．Therefore, they approached her whenever she was in the water. |
| F．She was mostly home-schooled as the family traveled the globe. |
| G．But what shocked her was the amount of rubbish that washed up on the shore. |
4 . Universities are doing everything they can to become a green campus. But there are also items students can do to make your campus more eco-friendly.
Recycle everything, especially paper!
There is a large amount of paper a college student goes through every term.
Buy green.
Walk and bike to school.
Most campuses, especially those that are trying to become a more eco-friendly campus,have pretty good public transit (公共交通系统).
A water bottle can be refilled at any water fountain and can easily be drunk in class or while riding a bike. This will protect the environment by decreasing the amount of plastic waste on your campus.
Buy used clothing.
It is usually thought of as something to do to save money.
| A．Carry a water bottle. |
| B．It is also good for the environment! |
| C．Buy as many recycled products as possible. |
| D．Paper made of this kind of wood is much stronger. |
| E．On top of that, almost all universities are pedestrian (步行者) friendly. |
| F．It includes class notes, term papers, student newspapers and so on. |
| G．Universities call on all the students to learn to recycle all the waste paper. |
5 . Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species(物种) that are
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be
How can we
| A．growing | B．migrating | C．competing | D．disappearing |
| A．ban | B．save | C．split | D．remove |
| A．abortion | B．recreation | C．reproduction | D．administration |
| A．care | B．eye | C．mind | D．story |
| A．found | B．chosen | C．raised | D．seized |
| A．bonus | B．consequence | C．victory | D．sacrifice |
| A．never | B．always | C．unluckily | D．cheerfully |
| A．liked | B．refused | C．decided | D．hesitated |
| A．gift | B．skill | C．concern | D．reputation |
| A．illegal | B．inspiring | C．important | D．impossible |
| A．Therefore | B．Moreover | C．However | D．Instead |
| A．combination | B．collection | C．strategy | D．system |
| A．forced | B．forbade | C．taught | D．enabled |
| A．defeated | B．grateful | C．assured | D．tolerant |
| A．list | B．rise | C．agenda | D．decline |
| A．In contrast | B．After all | C．By the way | D．On the contrary |
| A．leave | B．bridge | C．open | D．identify |
| A．course | B．excuse | C．answer | D．reward |
| A．brains | B．behaviors | C．services | D．projects |
| A．guide | B．treat | C．example | D．companion |
6 . “Fast fashion” means clothes that are inexpensive but look like the latest designs. One reason for the success of fast fashion is social networking. A report by the investment research firm Bernstein found that millennials — people born in the 1980s and 90s — wanted to wear a variety of clothes in the photos they posted on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. As a result, many businesses that offer trend, low - cost clothes are growing.
But the situation is changing now. Maxine Bedat, a woman who is in her early 30s, looks in her closet full of clothes, but she has nothing to wear. She says she hates always shopping for what is in style . Instead, she says, she wants to buy fewer clothes that she can wear over and over. Other people want the same thing, she says.
So Ms. Bedat and a business partner, Soraya Darabi, started a “slow fashion” clothing company calltd Zady. “Slow fashion” means clothes that last a long time. They are often classic colors and shapes, and are made from natural materials that are biodegradable (可生物降解的) over time.
The terms “fast fashion” and “slow fashion” are related to “fast food” and “slow food: fast food is still popular in the US, but many restaurants increasingly offer higher - quality, more expensive and relaxed meals.
Like slow food, slow fashion also aims to use sources that are good for the environment and workers. Maxine Bedat says people in her generation want to know where their clothes come from and who is making them. To answer millennials’demand for information about the products they buy, Ms. Bedat’s company, Zady, includes details about the history of the brands. It also describes the process in which the clothes are made. Ms Bedat says Zady aims to tell shoppers where their clothes come from, where they go, and how they impact the world.
1. What can we know about millennials from Paragraph 1?| A．They tend to buy clothes with lower price. |
| B．They all like to share photos on the Internet. |
| C．They spend money in buying the latest designs |
| D．They show their interests in wearing different clothes. |
| A．She has nothing to wear. |
| B．She likes the classic clothes. |
| C．She longs for “slow fashion” clothes. |
| D．She prefers clothes with natural materials. |
| A．be high - quality and expensive |
| B．be friendly to the environment |
| C．tell the shoppers the history of the brands |
| D．describe the process of making the clothes |
| A．How “fast fashion” becomes popular. |
| B．“Slow fashion” is becoming popular now. |
| C．Many businesses are selling trendy and cheap clothes. |
| D．The differences between “fast fashion” and “slow fashion”. |
7 . We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
1. What does the author think of new devices?| A．They are environment-friendly. | B．They are no better than the old. |
| C．They cost more to use at home. | D．They go out of style quickly. |
| A．To reduce the cost of minerals. |
| B．To test the life cycle of a product. |
| C．To update consumers on new technology. |
| D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices. |
| A．The box-set TV. | B．The tablet. |
| C．The LCD TV. | D．The desktop computer. |
| A．Stop using them. | B．Take them apart. |
| C．Upgrade them. | D．Recycle them. |
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country
A taste for meat is
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total
9 . Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit
While there are
10 . Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many， many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first. According to US government reports, emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “Green thinking” has become part of practices.
Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.
Twenty –five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. “Until we do that, nothing else will change!” says Bruce Anderson.
1. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___.| A．the social movement | B．recycling techniques |
| C．environmental problems | D．the importance of Earth Day |
| A．The grass –roots level. | B．The business circle. |
| C．Government officials. | D．University professors. |
| A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest. |
| B．They have settled their environmental problems. |
| C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. |
| D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures. |
| A．Education. | B．Planning |
| C．Green living | D．CO reduction |
