1 . Japan has started releasing wastewater into the ocean. But this isn’t the kind of wastewater that flows from city streets into stormwater drains. It’s treated nuclear wastewater used to cool damaged reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, stricken by an earthquake over a decade ago.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has approved the plan by Japan to release more than a million tons of treated nuclear waste water from the destroyed Fukushima power plant into the ocean, believing Japan’s claims that the wastewater would be safe. However, Neighboring countries and other experts say it remains environmentally harmful that will last generations and may affect ecosystems all the way to North America.
Local fishermen, who heavily depend on the ocean’s resources, fear a huge decrease in their marketability. “Japan’s self-interest should not harm the well-being of humanity in the long run.” They said.
The release of the wastewater into the sea is a threat to the ocean environment and will damage Japan’s international image. The amount of money Japan would need to spend in restoring (恢复) its international image will far exceed that required to solve the problem in an eco-friendly way.
1. What kind of water has Japan released into the ocean?A.Treated nuclear wastewater. | B.Water used to cool Fukushima. |
C.Water flowing into stormwater drains. | D.Water polluted by an early earthquake. |
A.Japanese fishermen. | B.The IAEA. |
C.North America. | D.Neighboring countries |
A.be similar to | B.be more than | C.be smaller than | D.be better than |
A.Environmental Problem in Japan | B.Fukushima’s Treated Radioactive Water |
C.Concerns on Japan’s Wastewater Release | D.Experts’ Response to Japan’s Wastewater Release |
With fossil records dating back to 400 million years ago, sharks have lived even
These sharks,
As our oceans are
3 . Some of the greatest problems we face today are concerned with the gradual destruction (破坏) of our environment through overuse of our
But when I’m the only one with a cloth bag in line at the grocery store, I ask myself: Does it do any good?
I recently found the answer from flamingos (火烈鸟). These beautiful birds gather in
However, the next day they
The trend continues for several more days. Every time a few more birds join in but,
Then one day, things
A few can make a
If you believe in a cause (事业), don’t
A.money | B.resources | C.time | D.strength |
A.drive | B.run | C.cycle | D.stand |
A.tiny | B.different | C.huge | D.similar |
A.cutting off | B.getting up | C.carrying out | D.taking off |
A.all | B.any | C.none | D.most |
A.gather | B.try | C.sing | D.appear |
A.attract | B.require | C.escape | D.pay |
A.since | B.if | C.while | D.unless |
A.prepared | B.handled | C.cancelled | D.delayed |
A.approach | B.work | C.change | D.disappear |
A.continues | B.fails | C.finishes | D.begins |
A.point | B.decision | C.difference | D.mistake |
A.useless | B.tireless | C.total | D.special |
A.give up | B.give away | C.get over | D.get off |
A.finally | B.independently | C.peacefully | D.wildly |
4 . The forest of today will not be the forests of tomorrow. Rising temperatures, trees being cut down, development and climate-change-caused disasters are changing the very makeup of the Earth’s forests, new research published in Science finds.
Older, bigger trees are being lost at an alarming rate, making the planet’s forests shorter and younger. The change is being driven at different rates by different causes in different places, the study’s authors say, but the consequences will be global.
Old growth forests absorb and store massive amounts of climate-warming CO2. They provide habitats for rare and endangered species and promote rich biodiversity. Researchers found that the world lost roughly one-third of its old growth forests between 1900 and 2015. In North America and Europe, they found that tree mortality has doubled in the past 40 years.
“Warming temperatures, wildfires, logging and insect outbreaks were among the many causes of the decline,” says Nate McDowell, the study’s lead author. “What’s perhaps more concerning is that the trajectory of all these disturbances is generally increasing over time and is expected to continue increasing in the future.” he says.
McDowell’s focus is on how trees are affected by rising temperatures, arguably the biggest driver of forest change. To get a broader understanding of how forests are changing globally, he brought in more than 20 other researchers in different fields. Together, they examined more than 160 previous studies about tree mortality and its global causes, applying current satellite data and modeling to create a look at the Earth’s changing forests to date.
“It’s not a shock, but it’s very sad,” says Kristina, an ecologist and leader of the ForestGEO Ecosystems &Climate Program who helped with the research. “We as a human society are hitting these forests so rapidly with so many different changes that they can’t keep up.” she says.
1. What can we know from the figures in the paragraph 3?A.More trees should be planted in no time. | B.We are losing old growth forests quickly. |
C.Forests are important habitats for wildlife. | D.Different trees can absorb CO2 differently. |
A.Timely and long-standing | B.All-sided and careful |
C.Time-limited and regional | D.Traditional and extensive |
A.Worried | B.Optimistic | C.Supportive | D.Indifferent |
A.To call on people to plant more trees. |
B.To discuss the influence of climate change. |
C.To warn against the loss of old growth forests. |
D.To compare forests of today with those of the future. |
5 . A new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation. Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environment friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or biking, the study found.
Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities. The new study represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution. Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now "result in a 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace." The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike or on foot.
One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests or on the way to pick up passengers. This situation, known as "deadheading", takes up about 42 percent of all ride-sharing driving activity, the study found. The researchers said that deadheading results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle. Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate (夸大)the effects of their services on pollution. Uber told Reuters news agency in a statement it had no comment on the latest report and that the study made misleading claims about ride-sharing. Meanwhile, the company said it would work directly with cities to address climate changes, promoting sharing trips and other means of transportation.
1. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.Ride-sharing becomes a new trend that can’t be avoided. |
B.Ride-sharing industry is met with criticism. |
C.Ride-sharing services increase pollution. |
D.Ride-sharing services need improvement. |
A.a driving process where the driver is not carrying passengers |
B.a potential risk that the driver may lose control of the vehicle |
C.a period of driving hours when vehicles produce more carbon dioxide |
D.a situation in which a driver has too many passengers to pick up |
A.Ride-sharing attracts exactly the same number of people as traditional means of transport |
B.the study was conducted to prove the influence of ride-sharing services on modern cities |
C.ride-sharing service is not an environmentally friendly way to travel |
D.the new report has forced Uber to make big changes to achieve its goal |
6 . Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature. It's a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening, people “go dark”.
It's true that turning off lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power.
But on another level, a large number of people’s acting together sends a powerful message to governments and companies.
The logo(标识) of Earth Hour is “60+” .The number 60 is for the 60 minutes of Earth Hour.
A.But this is only the beginning. |
B.Earth Hour represents every hour of every day. |
C.After all, everyone has to answer for what they have done. |
D.Besides turning off the lights, people get involved in other events. |
E.It pushes them to take urgent measures by making changes to policies. |
F.That is, they switch off all unnecessary lights at the same time for one hour. |
G.The plus invites people to continue their action even after Earth Hour is finished. |
7 . Help Hermit Crabs
Hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs, the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators. Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky; it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years, however, many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems There are not enough shells to go around!
One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was. This has caused chemical changes to sea water. Some sea animals, like snails, are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs. This is another problem. Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs! They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.
Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong — at the seashore! Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.
These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build a seashells. The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry, but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe. Too small would be uncomfortable, and the crab would not want to move in.
The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.
1. Where can hermit crabs stay safe?A.In different old seashells. | B.Behind the waste they’ll eat. |
C.In their own thin outer shells. | D.Under the stones at the seashore. |
A.The methods to recycle the wastes. | B.The ways to help the hermit crabs. |
C.The materials of seashells. | D.The designs of websites. |
A.man-made | B.perfect | C.hard | D.comfortable |
A.The Project Shelter Group. | B.The shortage of the seashell. |
C.New homes for hermit crabs. | D.The recyclers of the nature. |