1 . A new report from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the Zoological Society of London found Earth’s biodiversity is decreasing through years of data on thousands of wildlife populations across the world.

According to the data, animal populations across the world decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018.

Experts say the rapid loss of biodiversity is a serious and worrying sign of what’s to come for the natural world. “The message is clear and the lights are flashing red.” said WWF International Director General Marco Lambertini.

Many scientists believe that the main cause of biodiversity loss island-use changes driven by human activities such as the development of basic facilities, energy production and deforestation.

But the report suggests that climate change, which has had a wide impact on plant and animal species globally, could become the leading cause of biodiversity loss if rising temperatures aren’t limited to 1.5℃.

Lambertini said biodiversity loss and climate change are already responsible for a series of problems for humans, including death and homelessness from extreme weather, a lack of food and water and an increase in the spread of specific diseases.

But the terrible news comes with signs of hope: Experts say there are possible solutions to the loss of biodiversity. Solutions range from protecting forests to establishing a cross-border trade system in Africa, the report said.

WWF chief scientist Rebecca Shaw said that humans have the opportunity to change how they do things to benefit nature. “Little things that we can do every day can change the direction of these population declines,” said Shaw.

1. What does the new report focus on according to the first paragraph?

A．Climate change.	B．Forest protection.
C．Earth’s biodiversity.	D．Wildlife habitat.

2. What maybe the main cause of biodiversity loss currently?

A．The spread of specific diseases.	B．Climate change on Earth.
C．A lack of food and water.	D．Human impacts on land.

3. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A．It’s unnecessary for humans to continue benefiting nature.

B．There is something humans can do to stop biodiversity loss.

C．It’s impossible for humans to stop the decline of biodiversity.

D．There is no need for humans to worry about biodiversity loss.

4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A．Environment.

B．Economy

C．Education.

D．Science.

2 . Many people regard sharks as dangerous monsters. But human beings cause a far greater danger to them than they do to us. Although shark attacks do occur, they are quite rare. According to a survey, however, humans kill 100 million sharks every year.     1    

Why should we save the sharks?

Sharks take up the top position on the food chain in the ocean. As sharks die off, the population of the animals that sharks eat will increase. This, in turn, means that the number of the creatures those animals eat will drop.     2     Fish that eat algae (藻类) are also included. This can cause algae to spread so much that it damages coral reefs (珊瑚礁).

    3     The ocean not only produces more oxygen than all the rainforests on Earth combined, but also removes half of the man-made greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. Once sharks die off, the global ecosystem will be upset, affecting all creatures including human beings.

Don’t use shark products

First, vitamin energy drinks and leather goods can be made from shark parts.     4     In addition, shark meat is sold around the world, sometimes under misleading names such as rock salmon or whitefish.

Shark fin soup is a popular dish. However, the process of getting fins is cruel. Fishermen cut the shark’s fins off and then throw the shark back into the water, still alive.     5     Sharks breathe by swimming, so a shark that can’t swim will die.

A．Actually, the killing of sharks will affect the whole planet.

B．Shark oil is also used in many popular beauty products.

C．Then the shark dies slowly, sometimes over several days.

D．It is time for children to learn about sharks.

E．People in some countries are especially keen on shark products.

F．This number is a warning that many kinds of sharks may die out.

G．Among them are some sea fish that humans eat every day.

3 . Artificial cloud technology could soon be used in the fight against environmental damage. Researchers in Australia have used machines to spray salt water into the air, and noted that the reflective qualities of these artificial clouds helped protect the Great Barrier Reef from sun bleaching (漂白).

The so-called cloud brightening project works by thickening existing clouds and reducing sunlight exposure to protect the reef. No artificial chemicals make it into the clouds in the sky. When water droplets steam, they leave only small salt crystals that float up into the atmosphere. This provides a larger surface area for water vapor to be liquids around them, forming thicker clouds.

The past two years have seen uncommon forest fires and droughts triggered by the climate change emergency, meaning that widespread use of this technique may become more commonplace if carbon emissions are not checked.

Drones, unmanned flying vehicles, have also entered the cloud controlling picture, used in the United Arab Emirates, a country desperately in need of more rainfall, to deliver electrical shocks to clouds in order to facilitate rainfall. Zapping (击打) clouds to produce a positive or negative charge within clouds can cause water droplets to form together. The greater the charge, the larger the droplets, which is vital for ensuring that as much rain as possible reaches the surface before steam gives off all the hard-won moisture (水分).

Even if one waves aside climate change, global waterfall shortages are still an increasing concern, given the planet’s booming population. More people means more mouths to feed, and the demand for water in agriculture for animals and crops further increases urgency for cloud controlling technology. An increase in rain also leads to positive economic growth in many countries, as large harvests stabilize financial systems and living standards in all climates.

Increasingly, scientists are looking to our skies in providing solutions to protect our environment. Cloud controlling technologies have promise. However, for this field of science to become practical economically, more research needs to be done in making this process a practicable option in protecting our environment.

1. How does the cloud brightening project work?

A．By creating more water vapor which later becomes liquids.

B．By spraying chemicals and small salt crystals into the atmosphere.

C．By expanding the water vapor arca and blocking more sunlight.

D．By steaming water droplets to provide a larger surface area.

2. What do we know about drones from paragraph 4?

A．They spread larger water droplets.

B．They charge clouds to promote rain.

C．They will be popularized in dry years.

D．They control the movements of clouds.

3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A．Problems of overpopulation.

B．Solutions to waterfall shortage.

C．Urgency of economic development.

D．Additional benefit of cloud technology.

4. Which aspect does the author think should be improved?

A．High cost.

B．Research method.

C．Environmental impact.

D．Complicated process.

4 . Garbage sorting (分类) has become a hot topic around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation (规章) on July 1.

Beijing has been expected to do the same. At present the regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, explaining how they’re responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Citizens are free of responsibilities for the moment.

The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation. “Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal,” said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators (违背者) are now fined up to 200 yuan for trash-sorting violations. “The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that,” he said.

The Beijing city government first promoted garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types—recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others , and leave it in a colored dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins are for recyclable items, green for kitchen trash, red for dangerous materials and grey for other waste.

To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help citizens. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given places will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclable or kitchen waste.

Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported.

1. Which of the following shouldn’t be thrown into a blue dustbin?

A．Coke cans.	B．Thrown-away batteries.
C．Used books.	D．Broken iron pots.

2. We can learn from the passage that __________.

A．citizens are not responsible for garbage sorting in Beijing now

B．recyclable waste like newspapers should be thrown in green dustbins.

C．people sorting recyclable waste will be rewarded in Beijing

D．Shanghai carried out garbage sorting later than Beijing

3. What is the best title for the text?

A．An Example in Garbage Sorting in Shanghai

B．Action to Be Taken to Sort Garbage in Shanghai

C．New Garbage Sorting Regulation in Beijing

D．Present Garbage Collection in Beijing

4. Where can you read the article?

A．A fashion magazine.	B．A science book.
C．A newspaper.	D．A government report.

6 . Paper is one of our oldest, simplest and most important inventions. But it also presents a danger to the world in two significant ways. First, the making of paper requires the loss of millions of trees each year. Between 2001 and 2019, the world lost 386 million hectares of forest. Of the trees that were cut down, 42% went to paper production. And worldwide use of paper is expected to double in the next 40 years. Clearly, the planet cannot sustain such a high rate of forest loss.

The second great problem with paper is what happens once it is no longer useful. A huge quantity of wastepaper ends up in dumps and landfills (垃圾填埋场), where it can produce harmful gases. Paper in landfills leads to the release (释放) of methane, a gas that is a significant contributor in global warming.

One simple solution can greatly reduce both of these problems: paper recycling. Paper is mainly made from cellulose (纤维素), which makes up the cell walls of trees and many other plants. Because of its structure, cellulose can be used repeatedly in papermaking. So far, trees are the only source of cellulose that can fill the massive demand for paper products. Therefore, recycling paper is simply one of the best ways to save trees.

Thanks to advances in processing, recycled paper isn’t the dull-colored stuff many of us are familiar with any more. It now can offer the same print performance as non-recycled paper.

Effective recycling requires a consistent effort. The way to begin is with education and understanding. Once enough people realize the need for recycling, more effective recycling systems can be carried out. The massive loss of trees affects everybody on earth. Everyone should do their part to recycle paper and encourage government and industries to do the same.

1. What does the author want to express in paragraph 1?

A．Consequences resulting from forest loss.

B．The significance of paper in daily life.

C．The disadvantages of current paper production.

D．The severe situation caused by papermaking.

2. Why is paper in landfills harmful?

A．It releases smelly gases.	B．It results in global climate change.
C．It pollutes the nearby land.	D．It may lead to fire accidents.

3. What can we know about paper-recycling?

A．It produces cellulose to make more paper.	B．The structure of cellulose makes it possible.
C．The color of recycled paper is different.	D．It produces cellulose without using trees.

4. What’s the purpose of this text?

A．To introduce paper recycling technology.	B．To stress the threat of global warming.
C．To appeal to people to recycle paper.	D．To describe the considerable need for paper.

7 . A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.

More than 2,000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat (栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.

Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid­1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight (困境) of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.

The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. “Today we’re talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year,” Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife­ viewing tours, said he's been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients (客户) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U. S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.

1. What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?

A．Food shortage.	B．Climate change.
C．Habitats’ movement to shore.	D．Their preference for land.

2. How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?

A．Excited.

B．Puzzled.

C．Concerned.

D．Shocked.

3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.	B．Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.
C．Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.	D．Tourism affects the balance of nature.

4. Which saying can describe the text?

A．The fittest can survive.	B．After a storm comes a calm.
C．One man’s fault is another man’s lesson.	D．Every coin has two sides.

8 . 近期你校学生会打算组织一次有关保护环境的英语演讲比赛, 请你用英语写一份演讲稿, 内容包括：
1.环境保护的意义；
2.环境保护的措施；
3.个人观点
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已为你写好, 不计入总数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon！I'm very honored to give you a speech here.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you！

9 . Masks that helped save lives are proving a deadly danger for wildlife, with birds and sea creatures trapped in the shocking number of thrown-away facial coverings. Single-use masks have been found around pavements, waterways and beaches worldwide. Worn once, the thin protective materials can take hundreds of years to decompose. “Face masks aren't going away any time soon—but when we throw them away, these items can harm the environment and the animals,” Ashley Fruno of animal rights group PETA said.

In Britain, a gull was rescued by the RSPCA after its legs became tangled in the straps of a mask for up to a week. The animal welfare charity took it to a wildlife hospital for treatment before its release.

The biggest impact may be in the water. More than 1.5 billion masks made their way into the world's oceans last year, accounting for around 6,200 extra tonnes of ocean plastic pollution, according to environmental group Oceans Asia.

Conservationists in Brazil found one mask inside the stomach of a penguin after its body was washed up on a beach, while a dead pufferfish was discovered caught inside another off the coast of Miami. French campaigners found a dead crab trapped in a mask near the Mediterranean. Masks and gloves are “particularly problematic” for sea creatures, says George Leonard, chief scientist from NGO Ocean Conservancy. “When those plastics break down in the environment, they then enter the food chain and impact entire ecosystems.” he added.

There has been a shift towards greater use of reusable cloth masks as the pandemic has worn on, but many are still using the lighter single-use varieties. Campaigners have urged people to bin them properly and cut the straps to reduce the risk of animals becoming trapped. Oceans Asia has also called on governments to increase fines for littering and encourage the use of washable masks.

1. What's Paragraph 1 mainly about?

A．The problem of littering masks.	B．The long time to break down masks.
C．The threat of masks to wildlife.	D．The protective use of masks to people.

2. What did the animal welfare charity do to the gull?

A．They gave first aid to the bird.	B．They released the bird at once.
C．They kept the bird for about a week.	D．They sent the bird to hospital.

3. How is Paragraph 4 developed?

A．By providing examples.	B．By giving explanations.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By analyzing causes.

4. Which measure has been taken to help solve the problem?

A．Forbidding the use of single-use masks.	B．Wearing reusable cloth masks.
C．Cutting the masks up before throwing.	D．Increasing fines for binning masks.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

With the rapid extinction of many wild species, more and more people come to realize the great importance of wildlife protection.

We have to understand the problem in     1     new light: we protect ourselves through protecting wildlife. On the one hand, any species of wildlife helps to keep the ecological balance(生态平衡).     2     one species becomes extinct, it will disappear forever. What is more, it will result     3     the extinction of a chain of wildlife, which may lead to unpredictable disasters. On the other hand, the modern science and technology makes     4    possible for us to learn more about wildlife. By now, scientists     5    (find) that wildlife has unknown genetic codes(遗传密码), which may turn out     6     (free) human beings from serious diseases and     7     (nature) disasters in the future.

It is necessary for us to protect wildlife     8    (immediate) before it is too late, although man has already polluted the environment and threatened the     9    (exist) of many wild species. Let’s take action to protect wildlife.     10    (learn) to live in harmony with all wildlife is part of modern civilization.