1 . In the last 100 years, the global temperature has gone up by around 0.75℃. Such a small increase is causing sea levels to rise and
Sea levels in the UK have increased by around 10 cm in the last 100 years and experts
As a result of the changing
The biggest
| A．attacking | B．ignoring | C．threatening | D．discovering |
| A．limitation | B．reduction | C．increase | D．improvement |
| A．extinction | B．escape | C．change | D．development |
| A．argue | B．explain | C．doubt | D．predict |
| A．Surprisingly | B．Consequently | C．Immediately | D．Usually |
| A．climate | B．height | C．period | D．environment |
| A．forcing | B．allowing | C．causing | D．helping |
| A．animal | B．species | C．plants | D．population |
| A．wasted | B．needed | C．supplied | D．stored |
| A．produces | B．includes | C．requires | D．provides |
| A．transporting to | B．searching for | C．planting in | D．cutting down |
| A．questions | B．activities | C．procedures | D．disasters |
| A．challenge | B．disadvantage | C．adventure | D．influence |
| A．consider | B．deny | C．stop | D．hate |
| A．time | B．energy | C．inspiration | D．knowledge |
2 . Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model.
“Truly the whole process starts with menu planning,” he said. Creating one dish leads into the creation of many more through the end-to-end use of products. As chefs, they are always searching for the best ingredients. It is then their focus to ensure they appreciate and respect all that go into each and every one of them. For example, they source chicken that is naturally grown and fed on a natural plant forward diet, no hormones (激素) or additives — that’s used in many ways throughout menus from a simple grilled chicken breast to bone soup. Nothing goes to waste.
When they do have waste, even if minimal, they shift it from landfills to transform it into compost (堆肥) that’s then used across the Walt Disney World property. They also support Second Harvest, a local community food bank where healthy produce, prepared, but not served, meals eatable for human consumption are donated. Disney also works with pig farmers when they can’t distribute foods past the point of safety for human consumption. Besides, wildlife reservations love to get the meat because tigers and wild cats can still eat that.
Their operations are “on a path to a sustainable zero waste kitchen of tomorrow” where chefs learn the full-life cycle of plants from seed to plate and gain a better understanding and appreciation for the product and their craft.
Golden Oak at Disney has millions of bees that produce up to 300 pounds of honey per year, plus those bees help with cross pollination (授粉) of their gardens on a daily basis. They advocate a culture that helps develop not only the quality of food, but an appreciation for nature.
1. Where did Michael Gonsalves’ idea about cuisine come from?| A．His mom’s suggestions. | B．His dream of becoming a chef. |
| C．His interest in delicious food. | D．His labor experience as a child. |
| A．They are grilled to eat. | B．They are used to the fullest. |
| C．They are divided into groups. | D．They are selected by quality. |
| A．Give examples about zero waste. |
| B．Introduce the unique habit of wildlife. |
| C．Stress the importance of natural food. |
| D．Explain the operation mode of the food bank. |
| A．Disney World:New Cuisine Road |
| B．Michael Gonsalves:Creative Chef |
| C．Michael Gonsalves:Advocate of Food Diversity |
| D．Disney World:Pioneer in Environmental Protection |
Melati and Isabel deeply love their home on the island, surrounded by tropical rain forests, green fields, and a vast ocean. Enjoying a swim at their local beach was once a daily pleasure for them. But when Melati was fifteen, and Isabel just ten, the sisters started to lose their enthusiasm for swimming in the waters near their borne. More often than not, plastic bags would be around them as they swam and some were scattered on the beach. They got really upset about that.
Melati didn’t think much about it until one day her teacher gave a lesson on some world heroes. Each of those people had sparked movements of positive changes in the world. They believed in the impact they could have and they did inspire more people to do something meaningful. After school, Melati walked home slowly in silence, concerned about the vast amount of plastic rubbish on the beach. The heroes crossed her mind. If they could do it, we could do it too, she thought. The idea lit her up. She couldn’t wait to share what she thought with Isabel and quickened her pace.
“So many plastic bags around! The beach is dirty and messy! It’s so terrible! We have lost the clean and beautiful beach. Can’t we do something to get it back?” Melati said heartily. Isabel felt a bit puzzled at what to do, but she also had a strong desire to do something. Picturing a beach as fascinating as before in mind, the pair jumped with joy.
They talked a lot, anxious to know how Dad and Mom would respond to their ideas. That night when the family sat by the dinner table, the sisters eagerly got their ideas across. While Mom and Dad listened to the girls carefully, their eyes shone. “How amazing that would be! We are so proud of you!” Dad exclaimed. Mom came up, gave them a thumb up and hugged the sisters.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Melati and Isabel decided to make a positive impact straight away.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________One month later, Melati received a call from the local newspaper.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Polar bears are undergoing hunger in a world
Polar bears live in the environment too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared
Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice
5 . When Don Lyons, director of a seabird restoration program, visited a small valley in Japan, he found a local variety of rice called “cormorant rice”. The grain actually got its name from the seabirds that nested in the trees around the ponds used to supply water to the rice fields. Their droppings (粪), rich in nitrogen (氮) and phosphorus (磷), were washed into the water and eventually went to the rice fields.
The phenomenon that Lyons encountered is not a new one. What is new is that scientists have now calculated an exact value for seabird droppings. Given that 30 percent of the species of seabirds are endangered, researchers published a study that estimates the annual value of seabirds. “I see that people just care about something when it brings benefits and when they can see the benefits,” says Daniel Plazas-Jiménez, a seabird researcher.
To show the benefits seabirds provide, scientists set out to put a price tag on the animals’ droppings. The estimated value of seabird droppings as an organic fertilizer (肥料) against the cost of replacing it with human-made chemical fertilizers was around $474 million. The scientists then estimated that 10% of the profits coming from coral reefs depend on seabird nutrients. According to the United Nations, the annual economic returns of commercial fisheries on coral reefs are about $6.5 billion. So, 10% of this value is around $650 million per year.
The richness of seabird droppings in South America, particularly on the Chincha Islands has been documented for centuries. People there were the first to recognize seabirds’ agricultural benefits. At one point, an estimated 60 million birds built 150-foot-high mounds (堆) of droppings. However, only an estimated 4 million seabirds now live on the Chincha Islands. This loss is part of a global trend.
By the early 1840s, seabird droppings became a full-blown industry; they were commercially mined, transported and sold. The industry crashed around 1880 and reappeared in the early 20th century. Today, interest in seabird droppings is resurgent as consumer demand for organic agriculture and food processing has risen. However, the decline of seabird populations caused by human activities and global warming is absolutely a terrible shock to some areas’ economy.
1. What was the probable reason for people’s naming their rice variety after seabirds?| A．Because seabirds fed on this variety of rice. |
| B．Because seabirds nested around the rice fields. |
| C．Because seabirds contributed a lot to the rice’s growth. |
| D．Because seabirds and the rice depended on the same ponds. |
| A．To discover the phenomena related to seabirds. |
| B．To measure seabirds’ production of droppings. |
| C．To identify the endangered seabird species. |
| D．To promote efforts to protect seabirds. |
| A．Around $474 million |
| B．Around $600 million |
| C．Around $1.1 billion |
| D．Around $6 billion |
| A．People invest more in the industry related to seabird droppings. |
| B．People’s enthusiasm for seabird droppings grows stronger. |
| C．The interest rates of buying seabird droppings are higher. |
| D．The production of seabird droppings becomes lower. |
6 . Carter Ries is 16 years old and has been running the non-profit organisation, One More Generation, with his sister Olivia since 2009. Together these two young change-makers are working to
Carter said in a 2017 interview, “My sister and I have been doing this for the last eight years and not once have we wanted to
“Olivia and I go around the world
“We have created many campaigns — such as our Plastic and Recycling Awareness Week program — where we teach students how they can learn to help our environment. Another
“We recently launched a global OneLessStraw Pledge Campaign — highlighting the effects of global straw
| A．employ | B．inspire | C．remind | D．force |
| A．explore | B．study | C．preserve | D．observe |
| A．quit | B．lose | C．finish | D．choose |
| A．stand by | B．push on | C．show off | D．slow down |
| A．questioning | B．warning | C．asking | D．teaching |
| A．gradually | B．finally | C．successfully | D．fortunately |
| A．afraid | B．willing | C．free | D．unable |
| A．experience | B．struggle | C．example | D．research |
| A．write | B．deliver | C．edit | D．bring |
| A．photograph | B．introduce | C．document | D．stop |
| A．doubted | B．noticed | C．suffered | D．cared |
| A．change | B．reason | C．truth | D．authority |
| A．embarrassing | B．interesting | C．enjoyable | D．difficult |
| A．purchase | B．prohibition | C．usage | D．transportation |
| A．suggestion | B．message | C．topic | D．lecture |
7 . Alaska's Arctic is experiencing surprising changes with the effects of climate change occurring at twice the rate of the rest of the world. Significant loss of sea ice from a warming climate is one example of this change. Polar bears rely on sea ice — their primary habitat — to hunt seals, which are their primary food source. In certain regions of the Arctic, loss of sea ice has sharply reduced the ability of polar bears to hunt for seals, and it has resulted in polar bears coming to shore to look for food and den in greater numbers.
There are 19 polar bear populations throughout the circumpolar Arctic, two of which include the Chukchi and Southern Beaufort Sea Populations. The Southern Beaufort Sea population is considered the most endangered on the planet, and Defenders has prioritized our polar bear work to focus on this population.
Defenders has a multi-pronged approach to protecting the Southern Beaufort Sea population of polar bears. We are working to protect its critical habitat, minimize climate change effects and reduce human-polar bear conflicts. To reduce human-polar bear conflicts, we promote and support a variety of coexistence measures, including the use of polar bear-proof food storage lockers and polar bear patrols in Arctic communities that use non-lethal hazing and deterrence measures as a first line of defense.
The Southern Beaufort Sea population of polar bears has experienced such a dramatic rate of decline in the past few decades that it's possible that this population could be extinct within our lifetime. Clearly strong measures are needed to limit greenhouse gas emissions to lessen the effects of climate change and slow the loss of sea ice.
In the case of the Southern Beaufort Sea population of polar bears, in addition to reducing climate impacts, we need to continue to work to reduce human-polar bear conflicts so that community residents remain safe and fewer of these polar bears are lost to “defense of life and property” kills. Defenders is grateful to be able to work with Arctic communities, families and residents to do what we can't to ensure community safety and preserve and ultimately recover this polar bear population.
1. How has climate change influenced polar bears?| A．It has threatened their freedom and security. |
| B．It has created increasing conflicts among them. |
| C．It has caused a dangerous population imbalance. |
| D．It has destroyed their habitats and food source access. |
| A．The effects of human activities on polar bears. | B．The measures taken to preserve polar bears. |
| C．The current living situations of polar bears. | D．The favorable environment for polar bears. |
| A．Their population has recovered. |
| B．Their self-protection efforts have worked. |
| C．Some have lost their lives to residents' defense kills. |
| D．Some have adapted to changes in their surroundings. |
| A．Encountering polar bears | B．Coexisting with polar bears |
| C．Polar bears are making a comeback | D．Polar bears may survive the ice melt |
①垃圾分类的做法；
②垃圾分类的益处；
③呼吁全体学生一起参加。
注意：1. 词数在80左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：垃圾分类 garbage classification；
厨余垃圾 leftovers；
废旧电池 used batteries.
Dear fellow students，
Our school has started a program of garbage classification.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9 . What will our world be like in 2050?
There are two features in the growth of world population. First, the annual increase in population in 15 European countries, in the past few years, has been only 300,000. The United Nations estimates (估计)that by 2050, the population of European countries will decrease from the current 0.72 billion to 0.63 billion. Second, the population in developing countries is growing rapidly. By 2050，the population of Africa is expected to reach 1.8 billion, 0.9 billion more than its current population.
A recent research report published by the United Nations indicates that it is quite possible that the Earth's temperature is rising well above the previous estimate. The Antarctic ice sheet, which contains 90% of the world's ice, has lost significant mass in the past few years. The discovery comes as a surprise to scientists, who thought that the continent would gain ice this century because of increased snowfall in a warming climate. A research team from the University of Colorado used satellite data to estimate that the ice sheet will lose up to 48 cubic miles by 2050.
Africa's rivers face great change that will leave a quarter of the continent severely short of water by the middle of the century, according to a global warming study published today. Even modest decreases in rain in western Africa will see rivers lose as much as 80% of their water and a rise of what the scientists call "water refuges(难民)”. "In those areas where there is already a water shortage, it's going to have a destructive effect," the study says,.“If you're already walking 5 km to the nearest stream, by 2050,it's going to mean walking 30 km or moving your whole household closer to the water source."
1. Which of the following situations in 2050 is NOT mentioned in the text?| A．Population change. |
| B．Economic decline. |
| C．Global warming. |
| D．Water shortage. |
| A．The Antarctic ice sheet has decreased. |
| B．The Earth's temperature is going down. |
| C．Global warming is destroying the Earth. |
| D．Snowfall increases in the Antarctic area. |
| A．The ill fate of Africa's rivers. |
| B．The importance of doing exercise. |
| C．The hard life of the African refugees. |
| D．The seriousness of the water problem. |
| A．Happy. |
| B．Angry. |
| C．Worried. |
| D．Calm. |
10 . There was a time when a trip to the supermarket in the United States often ended with a seemingly simple question from the cashier, "Paper or plastic？"Well, which type of bag would you choose？
While both types of bags have some influence on the environment, it has long been supposed that paper bags are kinder. They are made from a renewable source, are broken down easily, burn without giving off thick smoke and can be recycled. However, the producing process behind paper bags uses more energy than that of plastic ones. How can this be true？
Studies show that paper bag production requires four times as much energy as plastic bag production.
And the amount of water used to make them is twenty times higher. Besides, the influence on forests is very serious. It takes about fourteen million trees to produce ten billion paper bags, which happen to be the number of bags used in the United States yearly. In terms of recycling, the idea that paper bags are more environment friendly than plastic ones can be quickly discarded. Research shows it requires about 98% less energy to recycle plastic than it does to recycle paper.
Even though paper bags might be more harmful than plastic ones, plastic still seems to be considered as the more harmful of the two by governments. In Ireland, for example, a tax has been introduced to discourage the use of plastic bags. People have to pay 22 cents for every plastic bag, and as a result, their use has dropped quickly.
There’s no doubt that it makes more sense to reuse these bags. However, we don’t seem to be doing that at present. That may be because they fall apart quickly. If so, cloth bags are a better choice, but still, their production also has a bad influence on the environment. So what to do? How should we answer the question of “Paper or plastic?” It seems that we first need to ask ourselves one more general question: “What can I do to help the environment?”
1. The question at the end of Paragraph 1 is used to ________.| A．introduce points for discussion |
| B．tell readers how to save money |
| C．express the author's doubts |
| D．show the kindness of the cashier |
| A．take more time to break down |
| B．require less energy to recycle |
| C．need more water to produce |
| D．have less influence on forests |
| A．share | B．put forward |
| C．discuss | D．give up |
| A．Paper or cloth? |
| B．A new bag or your own one? |
| C．A small bag or big one? |
| D．Paper or plastic？ |
