Wildlife protection is
To deal with the threats faced by wildlife, building reserves and habitats plays an important role. These areas provide a safe place for various species to survive, allowing
2 . When people think about ways to help the environment, encourage biodiversity and decrease greenhouse gases, they don’t usually think about the impact of food waste.
Producing food for a growing global population is a complex challenge with a lot of negative environmental consequences, so food waste creates unnecessary stress on our fragile environment. Here are four things you can do to cut food waste.
Single-use plastics. Many of us are seeking to decrease the amount of single-use plastics in our lives, and in our shopping baskets. This is good but often these plastics and packaging keep food fresh for longer.
Dish up smaller portions. This results in up to 20% less food waste. Many of us put our leftovers in the fridge, then forget about them. Fortunately, there are many ways to manage our fridge contents effectively and decrease food waste.
Buy directly from local suppliers. Our food systems and supply chains are incredibly complex, which leads to high levels of food loss and waste. In contrast, buying directly from local suppliers results in less waste.
A.Set your freezer to below 5℃. |
B.Store the food in the fridge. |
C.These range from apps, to the humble post-it note, or pen. |
D.Support a local business, eat quality food, and decrease waste. |
E.The most commonly wasted foods are fresh fruit and vegetables. |
F.Fortunately, there are significant developments towards a post-plastic world. |
G.Yet food waste is responsible for up to 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. |
Terry Townshend is an ecologist from the UK. In late October, he climbed to the roof of a building to check out a hand-sized recording device
As a birdwatcher
Though observing the migratory birds in Beijing
“China
4 . Industry must speed up investment in new technologies that allow manufacture(大量制造)of materials using renewable electricity if net zero emission(排放)targets are to be met, research led by the University of Leeds warns.
Ensuring that no electricity is produced from fossil fuels by 2050 is vital for achieving net zero. However, its effect will be limited if industry cannot use this electricity. Steel manufacturing alone accounts for a tenth of all carbon dioxide(CO2)emission in industrialised countries but latest estimates suggest new technologies to manufacture steel using electricity will not become fully operational until at least 2040.
The lead author of the study, Dr Alan Grainger, from the University of Leeds School of Geography, said, “Delays in replacing existing steel manufacturing capacity represent a crucial ‘lock in’ constraint(约束)on achieving net zero.” Humanity’s great dependence on steel, which accounts for 94% of all metal production, is a huge blockage that cannot be ignored. The UK Net Zero Strategy, published last week, recognizes this problem,but lacks detail on how to deal with it.
Governments should strengthen international carbon reporting standards for energy-intensive industries, the paper says, so that total levels of CO2 production during the manufacture and lifetime of materials can be measured more obviously in assessing progress towards national net zero targets. The carbon price also needs to rise to make it economically viable(可行的)to introduce new manufacturing technologies with low CO2 emission.
1. What is the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 1?A.To give a warning to industry. |
B.To show the amount of CO2 emission. |
C.To attract investment for the research. |
D.To warn industry not to use electricity. |
A.Stopping steel manufacture. | B.Using less electricity from fossil fuels. |
C.Electricity from green energy. | D.Using technical instruments. |
A.Policy. | B.Influence. | C.Advantage. | D.Barrier. |
A.Industry must prepare for green electricity |
B.Industry must achieve net zero emission target |
C.Industry must speed up investment in electricity |
D.Governments should strengthen carbon standards |
5 . It is a well-known fact that plastic bottles, which take hundreds of years to rot, are harmful to our environment. However, efforts by environmentalists to encourage consumers to switch to alternatives, like water fountains or reusable bottles, have not been very effective. The U.S. alone uses over 50 million plastic bottles annually, 80% of which end up in landfills.
To try to stop that, Rodrigo García González, Pierre Paslier and Guillaume Couche from the Imperial College London have been working on a revolutionary solution — water wrapped inside an eatable container made mostly from seaweed. All the customer has to do to relieve his/her thirst is pop the entire drop into the mouth.
The inventors, who have been working on the Ooho bubble since 2014, use a simple two-step cooking process called spherification (球化) to create the delicate container. They begin by dipping a frozen ball of water or juice into a chemical solution (溶液). This helps form a layer around the liquid. The ball is then absorbed in a solution made from seaweed extract. This creates a second layer, helping strengthen the structure so that the water or juice does not leak. In addition to saving our environment, the biodegradable (可降解的) packaging costs just two cents each, making it cheaper to produce than plastic.
After three years of perfecting the design, the inventors, who recently raised over 1 million USD from a financial activity, are ready to bring the Ooho bubble to local market. However, there are a few challenges that still need to be overcome before the product’s launch. In addition to getting accustomed to the taste of the covering, each eatable container contains just a mouthful of water, requiring consumers to drink multiple bubbles to relieve their thirst. There is also the issue of finding an eco-friendly packaging to transport the bubbles so that they remain clean and do not burst. Hopefully, the inventors will find ways to handle the issues so that we can reduce, or perhaps even remove, plastic bottles.
1. Why was the Ooho bubble created?A.To test a newly-designed material. | B.To change consumers’ drinking habit. |
C.To reduce pollution caused by plastic. | D.To take a share of drinking water industry. |
A.Solve some specific problems of the product. | B.Collect more money to expand production. |
C.Distribute the Ooho bubble to global market. | D.Advertise the advantages of the Ooho bubble. |
A.Uncaring. | B.Doubtful. | C.Confident. | D.Opposed. |
A.Scientists Work out a New Kind of Water |
B.Plastic Bottles Will Be Replaced by the Ooho Bubble |
C.Environmental Pollution is Expected to Be Solved |
D.The Ooho Bubble Aims to Remove Plastic Bottles |
6 . Tima Abudhi is a 55-year-old mother of five. When growing up, she remembers watching her neighbors
As the mangroves
“Replanting the mangroves is not
Today, the women of Kizingitini no longer have to
Mangrove forests can
A.cut away | B.settle down | C.set out | D.get up |
A.moved | B.disappeared | C.died | D.rose |
A.contribution | B.choice | C.disaster | D.luck |
A.encouraged | B.motivated | C.forbade | D.persuaded |
A.neighbor | B.community | C.beach | D.village |
A.selling | B.assessing | C.closing | D.running |
A.increased | B.gained | C.produced | D.decreased |
A.difficult | B.easy | C.worthwhile | D.suitable |
A.return | B.calm | C.withdraw | D.remove |
A.hard | B.enough | C.long | D.cheap |
A.struggle | B.stop | C.prepare | D.determine |
A.attempt | B.witness | C.afford | D.refuse |
A.unemployment | B.resignation | C.participation | D.ignorance |
A.gender | B.wealth | C.income | D.age |
A.cancel | B.keep | C.accelerate | D.slow |
7 . If all goes well, a balloon will soon rise from Space Center in Sweden. It will float high into the upper atmosphere, where nothing will happen, and then return to Earth. Nevertheless, a collection of environmental groups is trying to stop it.
The campaigners are against the flight because of what comes next. The balloon is a test flight for a research being run by the University of Harvard. The research aims to test an idea called SAI, in which fine dust is added into the upper atmosphere to boost the amount of sunlight reflected back into space. A future flight will release a small amount of calcium carbonate dust into the upper atmosphere, in order to help researchers learn more about solar geoengineering — an excellent but theoretical idea of deliberately adjusting the Earth's systems to prevent the bad effects of climate change.
Opponents worry about two things. The first is the moral issue. If solar geoengineering works, it could reduce pressure to deal with climate change at its source by cutting greenhouse-gas emissions. Furthermore, in order to keep temperatures low, the reflective particles (颗粒) would have to be topped up continuously. A sudden stop could result in very rapid wanning. Raymond Pierrehumbert, a physicist at the University of Oxford, says solar geoengineering is too risky even to research outside of computer simulations (模拟).
Not all environmentalists are opposed. The world is likely to miss the target, set in the Paris agreement, of keeping warming to 1.5℃."We're not well-served by not understanding what these technologies represent," says Steven Hamburg. Mr Hamburg favours small-scale geoengineering research. Other green organisations have also hesitantly approved of exploring the idea.
Exploration is likely to carry on in any case. Once a taboo, geoengineering is being taken increasingly seriously. A recent report on climate change suggested that SAI could help keep warming below 1.5℃ America has developed a research plan for solar geoengineering. Both China and India have launched research programmes of their own. Activists will continue to oppose experiments. But balloons will likely fly anyway.
1. How does solar geoengineering work?A.Dust is put into the upper atmosphere to trap more heat. |
B.Measures are taken intentionally to tackle the climate change. |
C.Steps are taken deliberately to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. |
D.Dust is emptied into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight into Earth. |
A.It is to be implemented on a large scale. |
B.It has led to global warming against the original intention. |
C.It is probably to miss the target of keeping warming to 1.5℃. |
D.It may cause people to care little about greenhouse-gas emissions. |
A.Should balloons, flight be banned? |
B.Should solar geoengineering exploration go ahead? |
C.How do balloons threaten the earth's climate? |
D.How has solar geoengineering changed Earth? |
A.Critical. | B.Positive. | C.Doubtful. | D.Frightened. |
1.环境保护的紧迫性
2.如何开展环境保护
3.呼吁大家积极参与
注意:1.词数 100 左右
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯
参考词汇:论坛 forum
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________