1.活动目的;
2.你的建议;
3.发出倡议。
注意:1.词数80词左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Boys and girls,
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The Student Union
1.比赛时间:7月12日下午2:30 比赛地点:学校大礼堂
2.演讲内容:陈述低碳生活的重要性;列举校园浪费现象;提出践行节约的建议。
要求:1.每班派一名选手参加比赛:2.全体老师和同学按时参加
注意:1.词数100左右:
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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3 . Slowness has been a sweeping trend in sustainability. Slow food celebrates local produce and traditional cooking methods; slow fashion is made with a focus on people and the planet. You may have even heard of the slow city, a campaign to restore local cultures and turn cities back to their natural environments.
Slow design developed from the larger slow movement. Although the term was only recently introduced, the idea of thoughtful design looks back to a time when buildings and furniture were made with great craftsmanship (手艺) and by hand-before the mass-produced throwaway furniture took over. You can think of the term “slow” as a celebration of timelessness: both the timelessness of a piece and the timelessness of the relationship between that piece and its owner.
One example of slow design today is what’s been dubbed the brown furniture revival (复兴). Brown furniture refers to the heavy wooden furnishings that were popular in your grandparents’ day but suddenly fell out of style at the turn of the century. Brown furniture is often associated with dark woods, such as trees like mahogany, walnut, and teak, that take decades to reach maturity and true craftsmanship to transform into functional pieces.
Today’s furniture industry is dominated by the $13.1 billion-and-growing global ready-to-assemble(RTA) furniture market. RTA furniture is usually constructed from low-quality fiberboard, which lasts a small part of traditional furniture’s lifespan (寿命).The weight of furniture landfilled in 2018 was 9. 7 million tons, 4. 5 times what was landfilled in 1960.
In a less direct way, the idea of timelessness also lends itself to a lower environmental impact. Besides their demonstrated physical durability, slow materials and design are meant to outlive trends and never be thrown out simply because they’re out of style.
As second-hand shopping becomes more appealing to today’s young generation-because of its low environmental impact and affordability-the brown furniture of yesteryear is making a comeback.
1. Why is the first paragraph written?A.To explain a new term. |
B.To present the topic of the text. |
C.To provide background information. |
D.To highlight the importance of slowness. |
A.Known as. |
B.Mistaken for. |
C.Compared to. |
D.Connected with. |
A.It is out of date. |
B.It has a long lifespan. |
C.It is heavy and expensive. |
D.It has bad effects on the environment. |
A.Grandparents are buying new furniture. |
B.The brown furniture will soon be mass-produced. |
C.The young generation favors second-hand shopping. |
D.Materials for slow design furniture are more available. |
1. 对环境的影响;
2. 对当地居民的影响;
3. 你的观点。
注意:1.发言稿必须包括所有要点,可以适当发挥;
2.发言稿的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
3.字数100左右。
Dear Editor,
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Yours
Li Hua
5 . The future in energy production is here. And some of the materials used to supply the energy may surprise you! Companies have developed a way to turn plant wastes and other garbage into fuel. It has been called one of the most promising technologies in energy. And the process is expected to become more common this year.
The American-based company Fiberight is taking the lead in this new form of energy production. Truck loads of garbage are sent to Fiberight’s test plant in southern Virginia. Old vegetables, cardboard boxes and other wastes become something much more valuable through the work done at the factory. 50% of this material is going to be processed for the change of biofuel such as ethanol(乙醇).
Ethanol makes up about 10 percent of America’s fuel supply. Nearly all of it comes from corn, the food known as maize in some countries. Critics say this creates competition between food and fuel, and raises food prices. Environmentalists say farmers are using more land to plant corn crops. They also say farmers are using more fertilizers and products for killing insects. They say this creates more pollution.
This year, several other fuel production plants are expected to start making ethanol from the cellulose(纤维素) in corn stalks, wheat straw and other plant materials. However, making cellulosic ethanol turned out to be harder than expected. We know how to do that in a lab. The main problem is doing that in a continuous way, cost-effectively on a large scale. Besides, our cars may limit how much the industry can grow. Even if we can begin to produce this cost-effectively, we need to be able to consume it as well. Only a few models of automobiles can operate on high-ethanol fuel. Without more of them, there is only so much gas from garbage that will sell.
1. What is the advantage of this energy production?A.Using advanced technology. |
B.Producing energy in large quantities. |
C.Making energy from some waste. |
D.Making energy easily and cheaply |
A.oil | B.electricity | C.gas | D.biofuel |
A.The need of growing corn for ethanol. |
B.The amount of ethanol needed in America. |
C.The disadvantages of ethanol made from corn |
D.Pollution caused by making ethanol from corn. |
A.It is impossible to make this energy on a large scale. |
B.It is difficult to produce this energy out of laboratory. |
C.Few fuel production plants are interested in making it. |
D.There is a long way to go before it is widely produced. |
6 . Off the coast of Formentera, an island, lives seagrass that stretches 15 kilometres. The seagrass, covering several hectares, is made up of a single organism. The grasses are also long-lived, for tens or hundreds of thousands of years. Along with two other kinds of coastal ecosystems—mangrove swamps(红树沼泽)and tidal marshes, seagrass meadows are particularly good at taking carbon dioxide from the air.
This role was highlighted in a report, which was published on March 2nd by UNESCO, on blue carbon—the carbon taken in by Earth's oceanic and coastal ecosystems. In total around 33 billion tons of carbon dioxide, about three-quarters of the world's emissions(排放)in 2019, are locked away in the planet's blue carbon sinks(碳汇). Research by Carlos Duarte, the report's author and a marine ecologist, has shown that one hectare of seagrass can suck as much carbon dioxide each year as 15 hectares of rainforest.
One reason that blue—carbon ecosystems make such effective sinks is that underwater forests are thicker than the land-based woods. They can also trap floating pieces and organic matter, which settles on the sea floor and can double the amount of carbon stored away. They have another advantage, too. Climate change is leading to more wildfires around the world. As forests burn, their carbon stocks are released back into the atmosphere. Unlike forests on land, blue-carbon ecosystems do not burn.
Blue-carbon ecosystems may not be fired, but they remain affected to other sorts of disasters. In May 2020 hurricane Amphan destroyed 1,200 square kilometres of mangrove forest. A marine(海洋的)heatwave in Australian waters in 2010 and 2011 damaged around one third of the world's largest seagrass meadow in Shark Bay. “Mangrove forests can weaken or control waves and provide natural barriers to storm surges. Protecting and expanding them, then, appears to be a must,” said a marine biologist.
1. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?A.The real definition of blue carbon. |
B.The special features of the seagrass. |
C.The doubt about the blue-carbon ecosystems. |
D.The capacity of the blue-carbon ecosystems to store carbon. |
A.They aren't influenced by natural disasters. |
B.They have great ability to absorb carbon. |
C.Their carbon stocks are released back. |
D.There are more underwater animals. |
A.Mangrove forests are too strong to be broken. |
B.Mangrove forests can strengthen waves. |
C.Humans should preserve blue-carbon ecosystems. |
D.Blue carbon ecosystems can be fired. |
A.Plants in the Ocean Are Better at Storing Carbon |
B.The Grasses Can Store More Carbon Than Your Expectation |
C.Mangrove Forests Can Control Waves Efficiently |
D.Blue-Carbon Ecosystem Are Expanding Much Faster |
Today, Mount Qomolangma’s peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3,500 people have
In fact,the dangerous
But the good news is
Some of that rubbish is even being used for
8 . Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Today's state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.
Forget about time as an absolute.What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life?We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?
Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers,which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average,the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower,you'll see the opposite effect.
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架),and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars,early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.
When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities:Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timekeeping system is valid,and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature. |
B.Everyone can define time on their own terms. |
C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it. |
D.Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists. |
A.present an assumption | B.evaluate an argument |
C.highlight an experiment | D.introduce an approach |
A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life. |
B.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems. |
C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower. |
D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame. |
A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time. |
B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless. |
C.We should live in harmony with nature. |
D.History is a mirror reflecting reality. |
9 . Over two weeks ago I was standing on the summit of Mount Qomolangma. It was the top of many years' hard work, and the
I have been overwhelmed by the tide of goodwill and support. But one thing has become
The most common question I get asked is: "Is it
I climbed Qomolangma expecting a rubbish dump but what I found
The Nepalese have
The results have been
I have spent time in many of the world's popular wilderness locations and I would say Nepal should be proud. It is an example of man repairing the
A.realization | B.motivation | C.connection | D.schedule |
A.slightly | B.naturally | C.increasingly | D.easily |
A.lost | B.fed | C.counted | D.saved |
A.adventure | B.pollution | C.settlement | D.choice |
A.covered | B.seized | C.found | D.poured |
A.expect | B.fight | C.give | D.report |
A.plan | B.title | C.voice | D.lesson |
A.surprised | B.served | C.forced | D.stressed |
A.silently | B.eagerly | C.frankly | D.hardly |
A.challenged | B.conducted | C.observed | D.qualified |
A.appealed to | B.taken in | C.depended on | D.put forward |
A.share | B.confirm | C.remove | D.bear |
A.similar | B.unpleasant | C.remarkable | D.regretful |
A.conclusion. | B.convenience | C.arrangement | D.damage |
A.impossible | B.necessary | C.unusual | D.extra |
10 . Scientist, conservation organizations and government trying to stop the trend of extinction (灭绝) often focus on protected areas such as national parks and wildlife preserves. But with as many as million species(物种) at risk, this plan of action may not be enough to conserve wildlife.
Slowing the mass extinction that now appears to be underway will require more creative means of coexisting alongside wild plants and animals. A new study indicates the effectiveness of some such approaches by examining some lands managed by indigenous groups.
“ We show really strongly that, from a biodiversity standpoint in terms of species richness,indigenous - managed lands are at least comparable to protected areas, ” says biologist Richard Schuster of Carleton University. And in some places, they are better than parks and preserves -even though indigenous communities may use their lands’ resources by hunting or searching for food.
Schuster and his team analyzed more than 15,000 areas in Australia, Brazil and Canada. They found that the total diversity of wildlife was highest on lands either managed or co - managed by indigenous groups, while randomly selected areas with no formal protection were the least bio-diverse. For threatened species in particular, indigenous lands scored slightly higher than protected lands on overall species richness in Brazil and Canada, as well as higher for threatened animals in Australia.
Each country has a different geography, climate and history. Yet remarkably, Schuster says, the best indicator for species diversity is whether a given area was managed by an indigenous community. He pointed out that practices such as sustainable(可持续的) hunting, fishing and searching, as well as burning, are more likely to occur in such areas. Don Hankins, an ecologist at California State University,agrees. “ there’ s probably going to be more of a connection to the land, ” he says, “ and a use of the land for the things that are there, compared to a national park. ”
“ It’ s really important to listen to the people who live on the land and have them drive the stewardship efforts going forward, ” Schuster says, adding that partnering with indigenous communities may enable the world’ s countries to better meet a wide range of conservation goals: “ We really need all the help we can get as a global community to prevent species extinction that we’ re facing right now. ”
1. What does the underlined word “ indigenous” probably mean in Paragraph 2?A.Social. | B.Native. |
C.Protected. | D.Threatened. |
A.National parks are even higher in species diversity. |
B.Indigenous communities overhunted on their lands. |
C.Some preserves almost have no formal protection. |
D.Indigenous lands do better in keeping bio-diversity. |
A.Species diversity depends on geographical positions. |
B.Humans’ everyday activities are no longer sustainable. |
C.Indigenous groups have a close bond with their lands. |
D.Protected areas work perfectly in wildlife protection. |
A.Beating back extinction. | B.Dealing with environmental problems. |
C.Setting up nature reserves. | D.Fighting against unsustainable behaviors. |