1 . Stefani Shamrowicz lives in Colorado. The 24-year-old woman has spent 23 days picking up126 bags of rubbish across the country

Having over a month off from her job at a campus recreation center, Stefani Shamrowicz decided to take a trip to help clean up the environment.

She's now driven over 70 hours through Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana Florida,Georgia,Tennessee,Kentucky，Ohio，Pennsylvania，and New York-cleaning up everything from pee-filled bottles to lawn ornaments. About 80 percent of the rubbish was drinking bottles. Stefani said she had found a few fast-food toys and a tire with a pair of cowboy boots in it and her aim wasn't to shame, but rather encourage people to do what they can

Collecting anywhere from one to 16 bags at a time, Stefani's been discouraged. She felt she wasn't doing enough. She said there was a place that had an ocean of rubbish and she pushed out four bags, but then she broke down because she realized how much rubbish there was and it felt like four bags didn't do anything. But she remembered to just do what she could, especially since she had gone beyond her goal. She said she dedicated that to her parents because they raised her to be an independent person and had been very supportive on the trip

People donated $10 a bag for Stefani to clean up in their name, which she uses for lodging and gas. The person's name is written on how many bags they've donated towards and Stefani posted a picture on her Instagram when they were filed, thanking them for helping clean up the cit she was in.

People online and in person have responded positively to the project. Stefani recalled people sent her pictures of bags of trash they picked up. Once, when she started doing a bag on the beach in Florida,two ladies saw her and started helping her fill the bag.

With her job resuming June 1, Stefani is now back home but she has so many good things to say about her unique U.S.road trip.There's litter everywhere, so I'm just happy to be able to make a little bit of an impact everywhere I go. Cleaning up this litter is a huge thank you for all the joy and good times national parks and nature in general has brought to my life,”she said.

1. Why did Stefani drive ower70 hours across the USA?

A．To call on people to donate money

B．To earn a living by classifying rubbish.

C．To encourage people to protect the environment.

D．To enjoy the scenery of the national parks and nature

2. What is the influence of Stefani's cleaning up rubbish?

A．People offered their help along her journey

B．Her parents make joint efforts to support her.

C．People begin to donate their money for her project.

D．Many people take action to clean up the environment

3. What's the attitude of the author towards cleaning up the litter?

A．Discouraged.

B．Anxious

C．Surprised.

D．Pleased.

4. What does the passage want to tell us?

A．Cleaning up rubbish is a tough task.	B．A kind act can make a big difference
C．Believing in oneself is the key to success.	D．One will realize his dream if he persists in it.

2 . 假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你校下周将举办一个主题为“Clear Waters and Lush Mountains Are as Valuable as Gold and Silver”的英文演讲比赛，请你准备一篇英文演讲稿参赛，内容应包括以下要点：
（1）你对本次比赛主题的理解；
（2）举例说明；
（3）号召全校同学行动起来贡献自己的一份力量。
注意：
（1）次数不少于100；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头已为你写好，不计入词数。

Good morning, everyone. It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on “Clear Waters and Lush Mountains Are as Valuable as Gold and Silver”.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it．Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking．

Forget about time as an absolute．What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？

Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warming．We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes．We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run slower，you'll see the opposite effect．

The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics．It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet．Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．

Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena．In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival．Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness．

When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose．

1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？

A．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．

B．Everyone can define time on their own terms．

C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．

D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．

2. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________．

A．present an assumption	B．evaluate an argument
C．highlight an experiment	D．introduce an approach

3. What can we learn from this passage？

A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．

B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．

C．Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．

D．Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．

4. What can we infer from this passage？

A．It is crucial to improve the definition of time．

B．A fixed frame will make time meaningless．

C．We should live in harmony with nature．

D．History is a mirror reflecting reality．

4 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. collectively   B. engine     C. convinced   D. contribute   E. distribute   F. envisioned G. address   H. increasingly I. seemingly   J. engagement   K. initiative

Ocean plastic has become a defining problem of our time, and a challenge to the world’s brightest thinkers and innovators. With a significant portion of plastic waste entering through rivers, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste is supporting the work of Renew Ocean to     1     the lack of waste infrastructure in developing regions.

Research published in Environmental Science & Technology in 2017 shows that rivers     2     dump anywhere from a half to three million tons of plastic into the seas every year. According to the data, ten rivers alone carry 93 percent of the river-borne plastics that end up in the ocean. To help prevent this plastic waste from reaching the ocean, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste will sponsor Renew Oceans, a localized     3     and investment project focused on high-leakage rivers. As a Founding Global Oceans Sponsor, the Alliance will     4     its materials and logistics (物流) capabilities. The National Geographic Society has also supported the Renew Oceans     5    .

Renew Oceans is part of the Renewology partnership, a brainchild of Priyanka Bakaya. Growing up in Australia, Bakaya became fascinated by science, chemistry, and the environment. Trips to India as a child     6     her of the need to do something positive for an environment     7     strained by plastic waste. At Stanford University, she became aware of social entrepreneurship and continued developing her ideas for ending plastic waste in business school at MIT.

How does Renew Oceans plan to tackle a(n)     8     insurmountable (难以克服的) problem? First, using proprietary (专利的) “biofence” technology designed by Renewology, plastic waste is collected as it flows down rivers and branches. ReFences divert the plastic and thus keep it from accumulating and entering the ocean. As     9    , the program has major side benefits. The plastic collected across the developing world will be converted into fuel, while waste pickers will receive compensation directly tied to the fuel generated from the plastic they collect. Renewology can become a powerful     10     for empowering local communities while cleaning up the world’s trash and providing necessary fuel.

5 . Most people update their electronic products these days on a regular basis, not because they aren't made well and need replacing, but because technology is so advanced that a newer model often appears on the market a year later and consumers like to have the latest if they can afford it! This means that there's a mass of still working, but outdated, electronic items that can't simply be thrown in the bin due to the harm they can cause to the environment once they start to break down.     1       

Some people will simply throw away their old products without a thought, while others will either give it away to a friend or make some money by selling it through an Internet shopping site, such as eBay and the like.     2     Then they'll feel guilt-free that it won't wind up in a landfill and cause harm to the surroundings.

    3    Apart from protecting the environment, there are other reasons behind recycling and one of them is data security. Disposing of electronic devices is the best way to protect customers from unofficial access to private data information.     4     It's a complete waste to just throw away outdated electronic items when there 're so many metals that can be reused.

Those in the recycle computers and electronics business are onto a good thing as disposing of e-waste becomes a must and a socially-conscious world decides to clean up their act.    5    After all, it can create jobs and make the earth a safer and healthier place for our children to enjoy.

A．More environmentally-aware people will find an electronic recycling unit to take it off their hands.

B．Reducing electronic waste causes a reduction of poisonous elements in the atmosphere.

C．Also the amount of resources available in the materials thrown away is enormous.

D．They may suddenly find themselves with hundreds of old cell phones, etc.

E．It also offers economic and environmental opportunities for the future.

F．So they may end up sitting forgotten in a drawer and taking up space.

G．They have positive attitudes towards reusing and recycling.

6 . Global food demand will double by 2050, according to a new projection, and the farming techniques used to meet that unprecedented(空前的) demand will significantly determine how severe the impact is on the environment, researchers said.

The study researchers warned that meeting the demand for food would clear more land, increase nitrogen(氮) use and significantly add to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.

“Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by 2050 if current trends in global food production continue,” study researcher David Tilman, of the University of Minnesota, said in a statement. “This would be a major problem, since global agriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.”

The researchers studied various ways in which the increasing food demand could be mentioned. They found that the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach would be for more food producers to adopt the nitrogen-efficient “intensive” farming method, which involves the heavy use of labor and the production of more crops per acre.

This approach was shown to be more effective than the “extensive” farming currently practiced by many poor nations, a method that includes clearing more new land to produce more food.

Different farming methods produce significantly different yields, the researchers found — in 2005, the crop yields for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than what the poorest nations produced.

According to their analysis of the effects of extensive farming, if poorer nations continue using this method, by 2050 they will have cleared an area larger than the United States, about 2.5 billion acres. However, if wealthy nations help poorer nations to improve food yields by incorporating(吸收) intensive farming practices, that number could be reduced to half a billion acres.

The researchers stress that the environmental effects of meeting future food demand depend on how global agriculture expands and develops.

“Our analyses show that we can save most of the Earth’s remaining ecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves,” Tilman said.

1. What is the best title of this passage?

A．The World Will Need Double Food by 2050

B．Man Will Face the Risk of Lacking Food in the Future

C．Future Farmers Hold Environment’s Fate in Their Hands

D．Different Farming Methods Produce Significantly Different Yields

2. The character of the extensive farming is ________.

A．very cost-effective

B．to produce more crops per acre

C．at cost of more new land to produce more food

D．very environmentally friendly

3. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A．poorer nations mainly use the intensive farming

B．wealthy nations mainly use the extensive farming

C．the intensive farming needs less food producers

D．the extensive farming has a worse effect on ecosystems

4. According to the passage, the underlined word “they” in the 7th paragraph refers to “________”.

A．poorer nations

B．the effects of extensive farming

C．wealthy nations

D．future food demand

7 . It was once a shoreline buried by enough garbage to make it invisible (看不见的), thus, given the unfortunate nickname "toilet bowl" . Now the Philippines' Manila Bay beach is totally different, compared with a few months ago. It happened so suddenly and extremely that it brought tears to the eyes of the local people.

The cleanup started on 27 January, when 5, 000 volunteers descended on Manila Bay to remove over 45 tons (公吨) of garbage, marking the beginning of a nation-wide environmental campaign. But some two months before this great movement began, a quiet revolution was already underway.

During the first week of December 2018, Brooklyn- based Bounties Network collected three tons of garbage from Manila Bay every two days through a project that paid a small group of people, mostly fishermen, with a digital currency (数字货币) based on the Ethereum system.

For the mostly non-bank -using Filipino fishermen, this was a first-ever experience with a digital currency. It's one that proves decisive in enabling poor communities around the world to take up arms in the fight against humanity's waste.

There are signs that this recycling-for-digital payment industry may be just about to take off. Earlier in September 2018, Plastic Bank, a Vancouver -based company powered by IBM technology, also started a similar project. They set up a project in Naga, a town in southern Luzon, the country's largest island, building a collection point to let people exchange plastic and recyclable materials for digital payouts through a system.

That both these pioneers have chosen the Philippines as their first location is not surprising considering the country's contribution to ocean waste. A Wall Street Journal study in 2015 revealed that the Philippines make the third-largest amount of plastic waste into global oceans.

1. Why did people call Manila Bay beach“toilet bowl” ?

A．It looked like a huge bowl.	B．There were plenty of toilets.
C．It was covered by rubbish.	D．People loved the toilets here.

2. What does the underlined phrase“descended on”in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Completely depended on.	B．Suddenly arrived at.
C．Occasionally decreased to.	D．Gradually disappeared from.

3. What made poor communities willing to fight against waste?

A．The benefits to their homeland.	B．The desire to make a difference.
C．The chance to escape ocean pollution.	D．The experience with a digital currency.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Online system helps end ocean pollution.

B．Manila Bay beach is suddenly removed.

C．Plastic Bank is powerful in recycling waste.

D．Philippines make a great amount of waste.

8 . This supermarket sells only wasted food

Food waste is a big deal: According to the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization, 28 percent of the world’s agriculture area is used to produce food that _________ goes to waste each year. But now, a new supermarket _________ only with wasted food is tackling the problem head-on.

The project is an expansion of British non-profit the Real Junk Food Project. The group has long collected wasted food for pay-as-you-can cafes around the world, but its supermarket takes the concept one step _________. The market takes food that’s donated by local restaurants and grocery stores and puts it on _________ to sell to customers who pay what they can.

As is reported, the store is already serving as a _________ for families who are down on their luck. It’s kind of like food pantry(食品分发处), but has no _________ on who gets the food. And the concept is not a new one: as is written in another report this month, the idea has taken _________ in Denmark, too, due to a government effort to reduce the country’s amount of wasted food.

Last year, the USDA launched its first-ever food waste reduction goal, _________ to reduce the amount of wasted food by 50 percent by 2030. The agency estimates that cutting just 15 percent of this waste in the United States would provide enough food for more than 25 million Americans per year. And hunger isn’t the _________ reason to reduce food waste. Wasted food has a carbon dioxide impact ____________ to the output of one in four cars on the road worldwide and ____________ a quarter of the world’s freshwater and 300 million barrels of oil each year.

So why do grocery stores produce all the wasted food? The USDA notes that damaged packaging products that haven’t been stored properly, holiday specialties that are never purchased, overstocked foods and odd-looking foods____________ for the waste.

Food waste supermarkets aren’t the only ____________ in the fight against waste: From activists working to improve the reputation of ____________ fruits and vegetables to craft beers made of wasted products like no longer fresh bread and grapefruit, there are plenty of creative ways to and eat food that would ____________ be thrown out. Maybe it’s time to bring the food waste supermarket concept to the United States-a delicious addition to the variety of ways not to trash perfectly good meals.

1.

A．initially

B．eventually

C．fortunately

D．generally

2.

A．stocked

B．connected

C．tied

D．charged

3.

A．closer

B．further

C．slower

D．lower

4.

A．tables

B．platforms

C．shelves

D．stairs

5.

A．access

B．shelter

C．donation

D．lifeline

6.

A．limitations

B．situations

C．positions

D．consequences

7.

A．out

B．away

C．on

D．off

8.

A．aiming

B．refusing

C．occurring

D．applying

9.

A．best

B．worst

C．last

D．only

10.

A．fair

B．limited

C．equal

D．addicted

11.

A．conserves

B．consumes

C．reserves

D．confirms

12.

A．call

B．ask

C．account

D．blame

13.

A．process

B．technology

C．equipment

D．weapon

14.

A．good-looking

B．strange-looking

C．easy-going

D．bad-smelling

15.

A．otherwise

B．or

C．besides

D．else

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. When will the team return from Costa Rica?

A．April 6.

B．July 10.

C．July 20.

2. Where will the team go to do the second project?

A．The national parks.

B．The city of San José.

C．The east of Costa Rica.

3. What will the team do in the final project?

A．Plant trees.

B．Feed birds.

C．Train animal

10 . Most of our everyday plastic items end up in landfill, left to rot away for many years. But some of it blows away, spoiling the countryside and causing damage to the natural environment and harming wildlife. The problem is most severe in our oceans. Research has found a deserted island in the South Pacific is littered with the highest density (密度) of plastic waste anywhere in the world.

The study described how remote islands act as a ‘sink’ for the world’s rubbish. They become collecting points for fishing items and everyday things including toothbrushes, cigarette lighters and razors-things that we throw away. Dr Jennifer Lavers from the University of Tasmania says “Almost every island in the world and almost every species in the ocean is now being impacted one way or another by our waste.”

This highlights the potentially deadly effect of our disposable (用后即丢弃) culture. When we throw something away, it doesn’t just disappear, it goes somewhere and because of the nature of plastic, it takes a long time to rot away and stays there causing great damage to the ocean’s ecology (生态). And worse still, plastic is broken down into tiny particles over a long period by the wind and the waves, then sea creatures at the bottom of the food chain swallow them. These creatures are eaten by the fish that we eventually consume.

The solution to this problem would be to use less plastic. Several countries now charge for using plastic carrier bags which reduces the amount used and some products now use natural and recyclable materials.

1. What does the author really want to tell us in the first parapraph?

A．It is a good idea to end plastic items in a landfill.

B．Plastic items blow away easily in the strong wind.

C．It is a bad habit to throw away plastics everywhere.

D．Plastic pollution in oceans is a most serious issue.

2. What does the author mean by saying the islands act as a ‘sink’ for the world rubbish?

A．The islands begin to sink with much rubbish on them.

B．The islands have become gathering places for rubbish.

C．The islands are ideal places to hide the plastic products.

D．The islands are inaccessible due to the white pollution.

3. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Impact on sea species.	B．Thrown-away rubbish.
C．The nature of plastic.	D．The ocean’s ecology.

4. What’s the really frightening fact about the plastic pollution in oceans?

A．Breaking the balance of ocean ecology.	B．Causing many sea creatures to die out.
C．Presenting potential risks to our health.	D．Cutting off the food chain of sea creatures.