1.目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题。
2.骑自行车的益处，如能环保有利健康等。
参考词汇：低碳生活（low-carbon life） 节能 (energy saving)
注意：1.词数：100词左右；
2.演讲稿开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone!
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all! Thank you for your listening!
2 . Though leaders from the International Olympic Committee(IOC)have announced a first-of-its-kind postponement of the Tokyo Summer Olympics because of the corona virus epidemic,people all over the world are still concerned about its preparations.Officials from the Tokyo Olympic Committee say they are sparing no effort and announce the Tokyo Summer Olympics in 2021 is going green.The 5,000 medals Japan has made are more special than most.
One novel focus of the Tokyo Olympics is to be"sustainable”－to avoid using too many natural resources,so that the games are easy on the environment.As part of this goal,the organizers decided to make all of the Olympic medals out of metal recycled from old electronics.
Almost all electronics are made with small amounts of"precious metals",like gold and silver.But collecting enough of these metals to make 5,000 medals was a huge challenge.That's because the amount of metal in each device is tiny.It would take about 20,000 cell phones to get just l kilogram of gold.
Beginning in April 2017,the organizers placed collection boxes around the country,and asked people to turn in their old electronic devices.Soon people began to respond to the initiative(倡导），turning in smart phones,digital cameras,handheld games,and laptops.At first,collection went slowly,but soon more and more areas began to take part.By the end,1,621 local governments had helped out with the collection process.
Then came the job of breaking those devices down into smaller pieces.After eing taken apart and sorted, the small electronics were smelted(熔炼）to get all the gold,silver,and bronze elements.This is a tricky job, which calls for careful attention and good skill.It's also dangerous,because some of the metals and other things aren't safe for people to touch or breathe.
By the end of March,2019,the organizers had hit their targets of getting enough metal for the medals. They had collected around 32 kilograms of gold,4,100 kilograms of silver and 2,200 kilograms of bronze.And now all the 5,000 medals are available for the would-be winners.
1. What can we know about the Tokyo Olympics medals?| A．They are hugely valuable. |
| B．They are of high quality. |
| C．They are made from e-waste. |
| D．They are designed uniquely. |
| A．The difficulty of making the medals. |
| B．The initiative to recycle used smart phones. |
| C．The classification of the collected devices. |
| D．The process of collecting old electronics. |
| A．creative | B．demanding | C．well-paid | D．time-consuming |
| A．To advocate sustainable use of resources. |
| B．To promote the spirit of Olympic Games. |
| C．To introduce a new technique to make medals. |
| D．To show the gravity of environmental damage. |
①垃圾分类的做法；
②垃圾分类的益处；
③呼吁全体学生一起参加。
注意：1. 词数在80左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：垃圾分类 garbage classification；
厨余垃圾 leftovers；
废旧电池 used batteries.
Dear fellow students，
Our school has started a program of garbage classification.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4 . In October 2015, Shah began picking up rubbish from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began
Shah hasn't stopped since. He's now spent 209 weekends
For Shah, the work has
Today, Shah is also working with coastal communities to
"This world
| A．asking | B．ordering | C．warning | D．forcing |
| A．challenged | B．encouraged | C．involved | D．required |
| A．compared | B．adapted | C．related | D．devoted |
| A．workers | B．volunteers | C．journalists | D．clerks |
| A．originally | B．finally | C．suddenly | D．theoretically |
| A．park | B．bank | C．beach | D．market |
| A．occasionally | B．hardly | C．already | D．always |
| A．global | B．local | C．national | D．coastal |
| A．described | B．honored | C．opposed | D．elected |
| A．simplified | B．changed | C．accepted | D．finished |
| A．make | B．discuss | C．throw | D．handle |
| A．trees | B．materials | C．rubbish | D．tools |
| A．ocean | B．factory | C．mountain | D．forest |
| A．protect | B．control | C．scold | D．educate |
| A．talks | B．complains | C．thinks | D．argues |
| A．earlier | B．faster | C．more | D．better |
| A．sea | B．planet | C．water | D．sands |
| A．pity | B．need | C．pain | D．effect |
| A．come on | B．get on | C．look on | D．go on |
| A．great | B．complex | C．complete | D．difficult |
5 . On numerous drives with my mom through my childhood, she would suddenly pull over the car to examine a flower by the side of the road or rescue a beetle from danger while I, in my late teens and early twenties, sat impatiently in the car.
Though Mother's Day follows Earth Day, for me, they have always been related to each other. My mom has been ''green'' since she became concerned about the environment. Part of this habit was born of thrift(节俭). Like her mother and her grandmother before her, mom saves glass jars, empty cheese containers and reuses her plastic bags.
Mom creates a kind of harmonious relationship with wildlife in her yard. She knows to pick the apples on her trees a little early to avoid the bears and that if she leaves the bird feeders out at night, it is likely that they will be knocked down by a family of raccoons(浣熊). Spiders that make their way into the house and are caught in juice glasses will be set loose in the garden.
I try to teach my children that looking out for the environment starts with being aware of the environment. On busy streets, we look for dandelions(蒲公英)to fly in the wind; we say hello to neighborhood cats and pick up plastic cups and paper bags. This teaching comes easily, I realize, because I was taught so well by example. Mom didn’t need to lecture; she didn't need to beat a drum to change the world. She simply slowed down enough to enjoy living in it and with that joy came mercy and an instinct(直觉)for protection.
I am slowing down and it isn't because of the weight of my nearly forty years on the planet, it is just out of my concern for the planet itself. I've begun to save glass jars and reuse packing envelopes. I pause in my daily tasks to watch the squirrels race each other in the trees above my house.
Last summer, I planted tomatoes in my yard. With the heat of August around me, I enjoyed my tomatoes while sitting on my low wall. I immediately wanted to share with my mom.
1. Why does the author say Earth Day is connected with Mother's Day?| A．Because Mother's Day falls shortly after Earth Day. |
| B．To stress that all the older women are environmentalists. |
| C．To stress how much her mother cares about the environment. |
| D．Because her mother asks her to be kind to nature on Mother’s Day. |
| A．Picking dandelions on busy streets. | B．Rescuing a beetle from some danger. |
| C．Setting a caught spider free in the garden. | D．Saving glass jars and empty cheese containers. |
| A．the author's mother is very impatient with her children |
| B．The author's mother knows how to live in harmony with nature |
| C．the author's mother knows how to keep the wildlife off her yard |
| D．the author's mother used to lecture her to protect the environment |
| A．doubtful—critical—positive | B．approving—doubtful—negative |
| C．understanding—critical—approving | D．negative—understanding—approving |
6 . Climate change leads to a threat to the world’s sandy beaches, and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100, a new study has found. Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognizable from what we see today, with 10% to 12% facing severe erosion (侵蚀).
Using updated sea level rise predictions, the researchers analyzed how beaches around the world would be in a future with higher seas and more damaging storms. They also considered natural processes like wave erosion, as well as human factors-like coastal building developments, all of which can affect a beach’s health. The study found that sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors, and that the more heat-trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere, the worse the influences on the world’s beaches are likely to be.
It’s hard to overstate just how important the world’s beaches are. They cover more than one third of the world’s coastlines, and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches are also important economic engines, supporting relaxation, tourism and other activities. And in some areas, the beach is more than a vacation destination. In places like Australia, life near the coast revolves around the beach for much of the year.
Some of the world’s most popular beaches are already taking action. Places like Miami Beach are trucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up (修复) badly eroded shorelines, while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge, and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms, supercharged by a warmer climate, will make this a losing battle.
However, the researchers did find that humans have some control over what happens to the world’s beaches. If the world’s governments are able to stick to modest cuts to heat-trapping gas pollution, the researchers found that 22%of projected beach losses by 2050 could be prevented, a number that grows to 40%by 2100 if greenhouse gases are limited.
1. Which is the biggest contributor to severe beach erosion?| A．Damaging storms. | B．Wave erosion. |
| C．Coastal building. | D．Sea level rise. |
| A．It is hard to protect coastal beaches. |
| B．One third of storms take place near beaches. |
| C．Beaches are of great significance to our lives. |
| D．Most Australians live on beach tourism. |
| A．Popularizing the beaches. |
| B．Holding sand in place. |
| C．Reducing the project costs. |
| D．Stopping global warming. |
| A．Half beaches could disappear by 2100. |
| B．Climate change is doing harm to our lives. |
| C．The beach is more than a vacation destination. |
| D．Governments are taking action to fight wave erosion. |
①使用纸巾的弊端； ②使用手帕的好处； ③呼吁全体学生一起加入。
注意：1. 词数在80左右；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：面巾纸facial tissue 手帕handkerchief/hanky
Dear fellow students,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
8 . Rachel Carson was concerned about what was happenig to the environment. So in her book Silent Spring, she warned that some chemicals were poisoning the air, the water, the earth, and all its creatures. She imagined a time when spring would not bring the rebirth of flowers, trees, and the songs of birds. The book became a bestseller, and Ms. Carson was in great demand as a speaker. People lisened to her because what she said made sense, and because she was a scientist who knew her facts.
Rachel Carson was primarily interested in the world of sea and shore, so she became a marine biologst for the government. She studied and recorded facts about the sea' s plant and animal life, their special characteristics, and the nature of their environments. In 1951, she wrote The Sea Around Us, which brought her honors, fame, and respect around the world.
Ms. Carson then devoted herself full-time to research and writing. One thing much on her mind was the effect of modern technology on the natural environment. One day, a distressed friend wrote her to say that a plane spraying(喷洒) DDT had flown over her yard, and the next day several birds lay dead. Carson decided to act.
For four years she studied the use of pesticides(杀虫剂) in the United States, and then she wrote Silent Spring.
In her book Ms. Carson said that these pesticides would harm much more than insects. She explained that these poisons would pollute the environment. “Even if their effects are not immediately observable, they remain for years in the water and the soil, and they become part of the food eaten by animals and humans.
Besides, after a time, insects develop immunity to pesticides,” she said.
Recent studies have shown that pesticides can affect human brainwave activity and cause loss of memory and inability to concentrate. We should still remember Rachel Carson’s words, “I think we are challenged as we have never been challenged before to prove our mastery, not of nature, but of ourselves.”
1. Silent Spring is a book that__________| A．aims to raise people’s environmental awareness |
| B．stresses the importance of the cycle of nature |
| C．describes the author' s childhood experiences |
| D．asks people to enjoy the beauty of spring |
| A．curious | B．humorous | C．excited | D．worried |
| A．became world-famous due to Silent Spring |
| B．warned against the use of chemicals to kill insects |
| C．had a good knowledge of the planets in the universe |
| D．created a system for improving human brainwave activity |
| A．we should prove ourselves to be the ruler of this world |
| B．it's a chance for us to prove our mastery of nature |
| C．it's time for us to think about what we have done |
| D．settling on the earth is a challenge for humans |
9 . Man has
Man destroys nature by polluting the air. That’s probably the greatest danger
Biologists have
The deer multiplied(繁殖) until there were as many as 40,000 on the island. They destroyed
| A．lovely | B．strange | C．many | D．much |
| A．harms | B．breaks | C．injury | D．destroys |
| A．stems | B．branches | C．leaves | D．flowers |
| A．what | B．how | C．why | D．when |
| A．still | B．ever | C．even | D．quite |
| A．which | B．that | C．what | D．how |
| A．years | B．meetings | C．parties | D．holidays |
| A．to | B．of | C．about | D．for |
| A．waters | B．smells | C．gases | D．whistles |
| A．effects on | B．efforts for | C．reasons for | D．causes of |
| A．poor | B．weak | C．strong | D．ill |
| A．studied | B．developed | C．invented | D．discovered |
| A．valuable | B．need | C．necessary | D．helped |
| A．consider | B．think it | C．regard | D．sound |
| A．field | B．land | C．mountain | D．island |
| A．left | B．got | C．reached to | D．arrived in |
| A．a whole | B．most | C．more | D．more much |
| A．plants | B．rice | C．vegetation | D．food |
| A．Nobody | B．Anybody | C．Somebody | D．Everybody |
| A．got | B．went | C．arrive | D．did |
10 . There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level.
Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.
The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.
In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate.
Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction.
1. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage?| A．Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings. |
| B．Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs. |
| C．Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably. |
| D．Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability. |
| A．experience misfortune | B．change one’s mind |
| C．notice the benefits | D．make a start |
| A．Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning. |
| B．Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings. |
| C．The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design. |
| D．Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings. |
| A．explain the importance of communication when a building is commissioned |
| B．emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environment |
| C．explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous |
| D．inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs |
