5 . Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of their country’s persistent problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. As a student and_________she is asking local snack lovers a_________: Rather than throw empty chip bags_________into the trash,_________them! Then she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.

Chip_________drop off their empty bags at two_________: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they sanitize (清洁) the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open,_________them flat, and iron them together. They_________fillings to line the insides.

It takes about four hours to_________a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family__________. The__________is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around,” Oleita told theNews.

Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has__________more than 800, 000 chip bags and,__________last December, created 110 sleeping bags.

Sure, it would be__________to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But the project is only half the__________for Oleita whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life — and her fellow volunteers. “We are dedicated to making an impact not only__________but environmentally,” she says.

And, of course, there’s the symbolism of recycling bags that would__________land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful__________that environmental__________and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita toldlocalnews. com,“I think it’s time to show__________between all of these issues.”

When Peter Sanger and Liang Wu got together, it    1    （strike）them that they must be long-lost friends, Both firm advocates in the fight    2    air pollution, they believe that if you can't measure it, you can't beat it. That's    3     they founded Green City Solutions: "The solution to quantifiably improve city air."

The invention—the City Tree—act as an air purifier-an interesting    4    （add）to urban trees and green spaces. Rooted in science, air pollution can be eaten by the vertical flat-paneled（平面的）"trees"    5    （dot）around cities across Europe, while the "trees" also act as seats for pedestrians Sanger and Wu's vision is for a world in which people in cities can live    6    （healthy）. They long to create living conditions that allow all people around the world to permanently have cleaner air    7    （breathe）.

Using remote technology, the City Tree combines    8    air-purifying feature of moss with remote technology to increase the air flow through the "trees". This allows them to "suck up" and clean more air than normal, and the amount they filter can be increased    9    （depend）on pollution levels at different times of day.

The German green-tech start-up is now funded by the European Commission to set up a City Tree network of 15 brand new units and test it in a    10    （science）way in Berlin's pollution hotspots next year.

Is renting clothes greener than buying them?

Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shoppers. But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more? Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated this question and concluded that it’s not as sustainable as it seems.

Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented — receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing. She writes, “An item ordered online and then returned can send out 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and increases up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By comparison, the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levi’s.”

Then there’s the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it’s returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting process. All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene (氯乙烯), a carcinogenic (致癌的) air pollutant that is still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with hydrocarbon alternatives, although these aren’t great either.

Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it’s so easily accessible. There’s something called “share washing” that makes people engage in more wasteful behaviors precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this, advertised as “a way to share rides and limit car ownership.” and yet “it has been proven to discourage walking, bicycling, and public transportation use.”

Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears, but we shouldn’t let the availability of these services make us too satisfied. There’s an even better step—and that’s wearing what is already in the closet.

9 . Every minute, every single day, the equivalent of a truckload of plastic enters our oceans. In the name of profit and convenience, corporations are literally choking (塞满) our planet with a substance that does not just “____” when we toss it into a bin. Since the 1950s, some 8.3bn tons of plastic have been produced worldwide, and to date, only 9% of that has been recycled. Our oceans bear the brunt (受主要冲击) of plastics epidemic—up to 12.7m tons of plastic end up in them every year.

Just over a decade ago, I launched the Story of Stuff to help shine a light on the ways we ____, use and dispose of the stuff in our lives. The Story of Stuff is inextricably (不可逃避的) linked to the story of plastics—the packaging that goes along with those endless ____. We buy a soda, sip it for a few minutes, and toss its ____ packaging “away”. We eat potato chips, finish them, and throw their packaging “away”.

The cycle is endless, and it happens countless times every single day. But here’s the ____—there is no “away”. As far as we try to toss a piece of plastic—whether it’s into a recycling bin or not—it does not disappear. Chances are, it ____ polluting our communities, oceans or waterways in some form.

For years, we’ve been ____ that the problem of plastic packaging can be solved through better individual action. We’re told that if we ____ recycle, we’re doing our part. We’re told that if we drink from a reusable bottle, we’re making enough of a ____. But the truth is that we cannot recycle our way out of this mess.

Recycling alone will never stop the flow of plastics into our oceans; we have to get to the ____ of the problem and slow down the production of all this plastic waste. Think about it: if your home was flooding because you had left the tap on, your first step wouldn’t be to start ____. You’d first cut the flooding off at its source—the tap. In many ways, our plastics problem is no different.

____, we need corporations—those like Coca-Cola, Unilever, Starbucks and Nestlé that continue to mass-produce throwaway plastic bottles, cups, and straws—to step up and show real ____ for the mess they’ve created. Drink companies produce over 500bn single-use plastic bottles annually; there is no way that we can recycle our way out of a problem of that scale.

Bag, cup and straw bans like those in Morocco, Iceland, Vancouver and some US cities are a great start, but also not enough. And while clean-up efforts are ____ in addressing litter problems, they can’t begin to touch the problems created by microplastics.

Not long ago, we existed in a world without throwaway plastic, and we can thrive that way again. The world’s largest corporations—with all their profits and innovation labs—are well ____ to help move us beyond single-use plastics. All over the world people are already innovating toward solutions that focus on reusing and reducing plastics. It’s time to accelerate this process and move beyond half measures and baby steps.

10 . Pollution

Pollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances(物质).Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars.    1    

Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料）These include coal, oil and natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. Air pollution may cause such diseases cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things    2     Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer(臭氧层)which is important because it protects Earth against harmful rays from the sun.

Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump(倾倒) garbage and dirty water into river, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink.    3    

Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may come from farms or factories.    4     They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.

Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution. Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment     5     Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources to produce less pollution. Many communities use recycling to reduce pollution.