1 . Rob Greenfield is an American. He describes himself as an adventurer and an activist. He really cares about the world and its environment and is always looking for ways to inspire people to keep the world healthy. One of his most recent activities was to help people become more aware of the amount of trash they produce. He called this activity “Trash Me”.
We usually place our trash in a large plastic bag. When the bag is full, we tie it up and place it somewhere with everyone else’s trash. Like magic, it disappears and we have no idea what happens to it. Maybe we never think about it. Rob learnt that most Americans create about two kilos of trash each day. If we could reduce this amount, there would be a huge benefit to our environment. But how do you make people aware of this? He had an unusual idea. He changed himself to wear every piece of trash he created over thirty days. Multiply two kilos of trash by 30 days in a month, and you have around 60 kilos of additional weight to carry around! He made a suit that would enable him to do this and began walking the streets of New York.
“I noticed that no one has any idea how much waste they are creating.” People would see Rob walking around and be curious about what he was doing. With every explanation, he hoped to get at least one more person to think about the waste they were creating.
Rob lives a near zero waste lifestyle outside of Trash Me. In the high-consumption world that we live in today, this may seem unreasonable but Rob believes that with the right mindset it is possible to create far less waste and live a healthier life. Reduce, reuse, recycle, and refuse on a regular basis. Your small efforts will go a long way.
1. What do we know about Rob Greenfield?| A．He works as a local cleaner. |
| B．He can perform magic with trash. |
| C．He is an environmental advocator. |
| D．He creates works of art with trash. |
| A．Americans make large amounts of trash. |
| B．Trash affects people’s normal daily life. |
| C．Trash can be recycled in a specific way. |
| D．Americans know little about trash. |
| A．Recycling trash for clothes. |
| B．Collecting waste across America. |
| C．Producing environment-friendly bags. |
| D．Walking in the street with a trash-made suit. |
| A．They were doubtful about it. | B．They were frightened by it. |
| C．They were interested in it. | D．They were moved by it. |
A lot of people feel overwhelmed trying to make changes that help the planet. Conservation psychologist Janet Swim from Pennsylvania State University says people often think their actions won’t have enough of
3 . Farmer Pak Sadiman has made it his task to raise awareness and do something about Central Java’s water shortage problem, little by little.
He has changed his dry village into a groundwater haven by planting trees on nearby land for the last 19 years, and he’s encouraging others to join in, too.
Sadiman realised that the land was in need of some water when the Gendol River—previously the source of water for villagers—was quickly drying up. Even rubber trees, the local people’s main source of income, were so dry that they could no longer produce rubber latex. It was then that Sadiman took action so that generations to come could benefit from the planted trees.
“Banyan trees, unlike rubber trees, can keep groundwater. The more banyan trees are planted, the more clean water villagers will get,” he thought. Although he would often find his seeds dug up by cattle, the farmer never became discouraged from achieving his goal—providing his village with a clean water source.
He’s planted at least 11,000 trees over the last 19 years, and his village seems to have escaped from the dry season. Villagers have joined in Sadiman’s efforts and given him free seeds or worked alongside him to plant the trees. “Pak Sadiman is our hero. This village used to fight with water shortage, but now we have enough water because of him,” the local chief said.
Sadiman said as long as he’s physically healthy and fit, he’ll continue to plant trees and finish his vision of avoiding drought and help provide clean water for his fellow villagers.
1. What problem did Pak Sadiman plan to solve?| A．Water shortage. |
| B．Villagers’ low income. |
| C．Villagers’ bad living conditions. |
| D．The shortage of natural resources. |
| A．It has provided water for the villagers till now. |
| B．It has enough water even in the dry season. |
| C．It was the main source of water for locals. |
| D．It has been polluted by human activities. |
| A．Friendly and outgoing. |
| B．Kind and determined. |
| C．Thankful and patient. |
| D．Honest and clever. |
| A．A Plan to Plant More Trees |
| B．A Farmer Preferring to Plant Trees |
| C．A Village Saved by the Government’s Efforts |
| D．A Farmer Saving His Village from Drought |
1．活动目的：亲近自然，美化环境；
2．具体活动过程；
3．活动感受。
注意：1．词数80 左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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5 . Johan Ernst Nilson is an explorer. His 32 expeditions in 100 countries include biking from northern Europe to Africa, hiking across Alaska and climbing the highest mountain on each of the seven continents. This summer, Nilson completed his most challenging journey the Pole to Pole Expedition. He travelled about 21,750 miles through 17 countries, from the North Pole to the South Pole. “I go to remote areas where no person has ever set foot,” Nilson told TFK.
Nilson walked, sailed, skied, biked, and took a dogsled. Known as the “environmental explorer”, Nilson used forms of transportation that are not harmful to the environment. Nilson hopes the expedition, which will be featured in a movie and a book, both due out this winter, will inspire others to protect the planet.
It took Nilson about 18 months to complete the expedition. He faced dangerous situations, just as the early polar explorers did. He travelled through hurricanes. He endured extreme heat and cold. He fell through ice. He suffered cracked ribs and frostbite(冻伤). He was even chased by bears.
Eating properly was a constant challenge. The explorer, who covered about 60 miles a day, ate a variety of foods, such as fruit, meat, fish and vegetables. At one point, Nilson ran out of food. He wrote on his blog: “The North Pole is a different story. On an expedition on the ice, you have to eat anything you can find.”
In spite of the many challenges, Nilson insists that the expedition was well worth it. He was able to visit with groups such as UNICEF and the American Red Cross, to take part in the work that they do to help people all over the world. He is hopeful that his adventure will inspire others to take action to protect the planet.
Nilson says his big expedition days are now over, but he will continue to explore in other ways. “Exploration is reaching for the unknown, learning how to play the piano, learning a new language,” he says. Are you an explorer, too?
1. What does Nilson do besides expeditions?| A．He likes playing the piano. | B．He helps those who need help. |
| C．He likes learning foreign languages. | D．He likes visiting people. |
| A．become famous | B．attract people’s attention |
| C．inspire people to explore | D．protect the environment |
| A．Nilson suffered a lot and was in great danger. | B．Nilson liked travelling through hurricanes. |
| C．Nilson stood extreme heat and cold. | D．Nilson suffered freezing. |
The Molai Forest, named after its creator, was once an area
The boy soon turned to his elders and asked, “What if all of us die like these snakes one day?” The grown-ups only laughed. But the boy comforted
From then on, Jadav started planting bamboos. He found a small island and planted many young trees. He worked
In 1980, Jadav worked with a team
Forest is his home now. He regards the recognition and awards he got
7 . Desertification, the process by which fertile (肥沃的) land becomes desert, has severe impacts on food production and is worsened by climate change.
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8,000- kilometre-long forest across 11 of the continent s countries. The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change.
First proposed in 2005, the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east.
| A．But the project faces many problems. |
| B．That is only 4 percent of the programme’s goal. |
| C．However, it is difficult to work on the Great Green Wall. |
| D．A quarter of Africa is under threat of food shortage. |
| E．Some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent. |
| F．Supporters hope that the project will create millions of green jobs in rural Africa. |
| G．The U.N. says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent. |
8 . Heavy traffic doesn’t stop big mammals like bears from crossing highways — nor does it keep smaller creatures from being squished (压扁) by cars. In just two years along one highway in Utah, more than 100 animals were killed in traffic accidents. In the United States, there are 21 endangered species whose survival is threatened by traffic accidents.
However, there’s one way to reduce crashes between cars and animals crossing the road: wildlife under and overpasses. Looking much like a regular overpass for cars, but decorated with native plants, they aren’t particularly noticeable unless you know what you’re looking for. The drivers may not be able to see the under crossings. But they’re helping countless species to pass the highways, from gold monkeys in Brazil to water voles in London.
Washington State is one of the latest to join in. Building its first wildlife bridge began in 2015 over Interstate 90(1-90), which runs from Seattle to Boston. Though it’s just a bare set of arches now, with native plants to be planted next year, deer and wolves are already using it. Along with six underpasses built since 2013, these crossings are the first in a set of 20 along a 15-mile stretch of highway on I-90. These passes will allow black bears and mountain lions to pass through what was once an impenetrable road.
These wildlife crossings aren’t just about saving individual animals —they’re about species survival, too. I-90 is an economically important east-west lifeline in the state. But many of the animals mostly want to move from north to south. Those animals on the south of the highway got trapped in an island. Inbreeding (近亲繁殖) became a potential problem. Localized extinction happens if they don’t have genetic variability (变化). The Snoqualmie overpass helps reconnect these isolated (隔绝的) populations. I-90’s underpasses are important in connecting waterways and species.
1. Why does the author talk about the heavy traffic in Paragraph 1?| A．To show the results of wildlife protection. |
| B．To indicate its serious threat of over speeding. |
| C．To raise people’s awareness of the behavior of wildlife. |
| D．To introduce the following way to protect wild animals. |
| A．Letting drivers see highways. | B．Building highway crossing for animals. |
| C．Decorating busy roads with native plants. | D．Noticing under and overpasses while driving. |
| A．Unavoidable. | B．Untouchable. | C．Undesirable. | D．Uncrossable. |
| A．Isolated Wildlife: A Potential Problem |
| B．Highway Accidents: A Killer of Wild Animals |
| C．Wildlife Bridges: A Solution to Wildlife Protection |
| D．Wildlife Crossing: A Regular Overpass for Wildlife |
9 . “It is necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago,” says Enric Sala, former professor at Scripps Institute of Oceanography. However, in most parts of the world, marine conservation is stymied by opposition from fishing, oil, and mining interests. A mere 7 percent of the world’s ocean has protection—mostly weak rules, and only 2.5 percent is highly protected. Outside of these zones, the ocean’s story is a continuing failure.
A few remaining parts of the ocean are the last wild places of the sea—the marine equivalent of the remotest old-growth forest in the Amazon—still unaffected by overfishing, pollution and climate change. Enric is working with the National Geographic Society and together launched the Pristine Seas project in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected marine areas—covering more than two million square miles in all.
Now Sala and his team have set an even more ambitious goal: to see more than a third of the world’s ocean conserved for the purpose not just of sustaining biodiversity but also of replenishing(补充)fish stocks and storing carbon.
Pristine Seas worked with native Palauans(帕劳人)to give an ancient conservation tradition a modern change. For centuries, Palauans have used what they all “buls”, a Palauan word which means closure, to preserve and rebuild their reef fish stocks. Over the years they have created 35 reserves to protect marine life around their islands, some of which ban fishing permanently.
Sala and his team calculate that a 14-fold expansion of the fully protected part of the ocean, from 2.5 percent to 35 percent, would provide 64 percent of the biodiversity benefits while increasing the global fish catch by almost 10 million metric tons. Even that may sound impossible, but the alternative is awful. For now, we still get to choose.
1. What does the underlined word “stymied” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?| A．Frustrated. | B．Supported. |
| C．Accelerated. | D．Overestimated. |
| A．Protecting the ocean influences mining most. |
| B．Ocean protection has achieved great progress. |
| C．Few oceans have been properly protected so far. |
| D．Current rules have been enough for ocean protection. |
| A．It has protected two-thirds of the world’s ocean. |
| B．It sets unrealistic goals when protecting the ocean. |
| C．It asks to prohibit fishing in the 35 created reserves. |
| D．It has made some advances in maintaining biodiversity. |
| A．www.newsflash.com. |
| B．www.worldissues.com. |
| C．www.scienceforkds.com. |
| D．www.eco-conservation.com. |
China is emerging as a global leader in aviation (航空) decarbonization (脱碳), according to industry experts. This development is
“As the world’s second-largest economy, China
“We believe that this will lead to an expansion of SAF production,
Despite current challenges in raw material supplies, technology and policies, China’s SAF industry faces significant opportunities and
It will make important
