2 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.

The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.

Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect.

Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales.

A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected (感染).

Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.

Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.

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4 . Climate change is caused by the extremely high levels of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide. We all know the effects could be disastrous, but are we aware of the possible solutions?

Solution one:

Though it sounds crazy, a group of researchers from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, which would let a lot of chemicals, such as sulphur dioxide (SO₂), go into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, there is good science behind the idea. The chemicals would form a protective layer around the earth that would reflect sunlight and so cool the earth, much like the effects of a volcanic eruption.

Cost: around $10 billion a year

Benefits: This plan would produce almost instant results.

Risks: Volcanoes have almost destroy human in the past through the chemicals released in the atmosphere, and the same thing could happen again with this plan.

Solution two: stir up (搅动) the oceans

Intellectual Ventures, which is a company, has planned to build a million plastic tubes, each about 100 meters long, and use them to stir up the ocean. Why, you might be wondering, would we want to do this? Again, the answer is scientifically effective. The bottom of the ocean is almost freezing and by stirring it up, cold water would come to the surface and absorb (吸收) heat and CO₂, and so cool the planet.

Cost: tens of millions of dollars

Benefits: This plan is relatively cheap and technically possible new.

Risks: The tubes would possibly destroy sea life, and the plan may not work.

Solution three: stop burning fossil fuels

This is undoubtedly the best solution but is it really likely to happen in the near future?

Cost: unknown

Benefits: It’s a simple and effective plan.

Risks: It may already be too late. Without real action, this plan could just mean “do nothing”.

1. Solution one is most likely to________.

A．pump even more chemicals into the atmosphere

B．form a protective layer with volcanic eruptions

C．blow up a balloon to get rid of poisonous chemicals

D．draw as much sunlight as possible

2. What can be learned about solution two?

A．It needs more valid scientific experiment.

B．It aims to cool the warm surface water in the ocean.

C．It may do harm to animals and plants living in the sea

D．It is much more expensive to carry out than solution one.

3. What does the writer think of solution three?

A．It is effective because it will benefit world economy.

B．Whether it will come true remains to be seen.

C．Putting it into practice may cost nothing.

D．Action has been taken to carry it out.

8 . We’ve heard many stories of individuals across the world who’ve adopted a zero-waste lifestyle. However, it’s much less often that we come across an entire community that is trying to become waste-free. The residents of Kamikastsu, Japan, take recycling so ________ that they actually hope to become the nation’s first zero-waste community.

Kamikatsu has no ________ trucks, so residents need to compost (制成堆肥) their kitchen waste at home. They also have to wash and sort the rest of their trash into 34 different categories. They would then bring it to the recycling center themselves where workers make sure that the waste goes into the correct bins. It apparently took some time for the residents to   ________ this rule, but they eventually managed to adapt to the dramatic changes and are now seeing them as normal.

Reuse is highly ________ in Kamikatsu. There is a local kuru-kuru shop where residents can ________ new things with used items at no extra cost. And the kuru-kuru factory employs women to make bags, clothes, and stuffed dolls out of ________ items. Businesses are also encouraged to participate in responsible waste management. The town has a zero-waste brewery (啤酒厂) housed in a building constructed of reused materials.

With a population of just over 1,700, Kamikatsu ________ about 80 percent of its trash and only 20 percent goes to landfills (垃圾填埋场). You could say that the town is very ________ to achieving its goal. They’ve ________ their old practice of dumping trash into open fires after declaring their zero-waste ambition in 2003.

All the recycling facilities in Kamikatsu are managed by a Zero Waste Academy. It also regularly hosts groups of local schoolchildren, ________ them on the benefits of a zero-waste lifestyle. Every year, the Academy receives around 2,500 visitors from all around the world, all of them eager to learn more about zero-waste and how Kamikatsu has managed to implement its principles in such a short period of time.

1.

A．badly

B．personally

C．seriously

D．well

2.

A．garbage

B．delivery

C．farm

D．military

3.

A．rely on

B．trust in

C．get used to

D．get rid of

4.

A．desired

B．restricted

C．promoted

D．experienced

5.

A．combine

B．connect

C．equip

D．exchange

6.

A．valuable

B．waste

C．similar

D．relative

7.

A．produces

B．drops

C．recycles

D．empties

8.

A．close

B．limited

C．used

D．equal

9.

A．thought about

B．given up

C．believed in

D．looked at

10.

A．advising

B．keeping

C．joining

D．educating

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A walk along Shanghai’s Suzhou Creek was, for much of the 20th century, best undertaken with a handkerchief covered firmly over the nose. Liquid waste from factories poured directly into its waters. For the multi-generational families who lived in the small boats that crowded its waters from bank to bank, it had long doubled as a source of public drinking water and a sewer. Infectious diseases       1     (spread) throughout the area as a result of water pollution.

Suzhou Creek has taken on an entirely new look in recent years. The once-smelly and disease-ridden riverside       2     (make) into a new destination for shopping, strolling and living. It is well-equipped       3     (join) the likes of Paris’s Canal Saint-Martin as an agreeable urban waterfront.

The restoration of Suzhou Creek dates back to 1993,       4     a sewage treatment plant became operational. The plant was able to collect around 1.4 million cubic meters of wastewater within urban areas every day. Since 2002, with the capabilities of the sewage treatment system constantly       5     (upgrade), the main stream of the creek has been cleansed of its black and smelly pollutants. During the past six years, water quality throughout the system has also been greatly improved by the cleanup of over 2,000 river ways       6     the city. Residents were delighted to see duckweed and freshwater fish return to its waters.

Research from the U.N. Environment Program reveals that half of the world’s 500 largest rivers have been seriously depleted or polluted. The comprehensive cleanup project for the 125-kilometer-long Suzhou Creek is an example the world       7     follow, said a report released during the fourth session of the U.N. Environment Assembly in March.

Stage Four of the Suzhou Creek restoration project is in full swing. Its aim is to make the creek’s waterfront       8     (inviting) to the public.       9     this is certainly a noble aim, heritage advocates are worried that traces of Shanghai’s days as a treaty port are getting erased in the process. However, according to the chief designer Michael Grove, “All the historic structures will be preserved and reused, mainly for cultural purposes.” As a model, he points to the successful transition of a disused textile mill into the popular M50 arts district, a warren (道路错综复杂的区域) of contemporary art galleries that lies further up the creek.

That means visitors will still be able to stroll Suzhou Creek from the 1911 Garden Bridge to the 1924 Post Office,     10     (enjoy) a cheerfully dilapidated (年久失修的) part of the metropolis that has, against all odds, retained the essence of old Shanghai. Minus, of course, the stink (恶臭).

10 . Protecting our delicate environment seems to be on the agenda of politicians, government leaders, and citizens in many parts of the world to show support for mother-nature. The concept of green consumerism has gained momentum more and more over the last decade, and the public feels moved to pitch in and help.     1    .

Let's use paper as an example. The first step is to raise public awareness about the recycling process, to explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled, and provide ways on how to properly dispose of them. Local governments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials from those, like waxed paper, carbon paper, plastic material such as fast food wrappers, that can't be recycled very easily.     2    .

Second, technological progress has been made on many fronts, but governmental agencies need to step up technological support for companies involved in recycling to upgrade equipment and to encourage further research. One breakthrough has been the development of a new manufacturing process that uses enzymes to help remove ink from paper in more energy efficient and environmentally safe methods.     3    . The difficulty in removing print from paper, the amount of energy expended during the process, and caustic waste that is sometimes produced are costs that companies incur that are then passed on to the consumer.

The final key is to increase demand for the growing surplus of resources waiting to be recycled. This problem has appeared in various regions of the world where the technology to process the used materials lags far behind the amount being collected for recycling.

    4     ; yet the great stumbling block to implementing the second stage of this plan could be impeded by the corporate sector's inability to find commercial enterprises interested in using recycled goods especially when the cost exceeds those of virgin materials.

A．Recycling paper materials can be expensive in both monetary and environmental terms.

B．However tough the challenge may be, supports of paper recycling never step back.

C．Give the public information they can grasp, and then you will increase your chances of gaining followers.

D．There may be a great outpouring of support.

E．So we are actually in a time when green has been a trend.

F．However, certain essential keys are needed to power this movement.