Going green is more than just a fad (一时的流行). Understanding the link between a clean environment and human life is not a new concept. In fact, it was noticed as early as ancient Rome and medieval Europe. However, it was only in the late 1960s that environmentalism grew to become a political and grassroots movement, influencing ordinary people around the world.
The movement has been able to influence governments across the world to be responsible towards the environment in a variety of ways, such as limiting the burning of fossil fuels and managing how harmful waste is thrown away.
Fast-forward to today and we see how green-living has entered so many areas of our everyday lives, from choosing the appliances that use less water and energy to using reusable bags instead of plastic bags and even buying clothes made from recycled sources. For many of us, making small environmentally-conscious decisions, such as bringing a reusable container to take away food, is how we change our normal habits one step at a time. However, there is a growing community of people who embrace a zero waste lifestyle and make great changes to the way they live to reduce their carbon footprint.
Living a zero waste lifestyle means doing one's best to achieve the aim of not sending anything to a landfill (垃圾填埋场). People who adopt this lifestyle cut down on their waste by reducing what they need and want. They reuse what they own and send few things to be recycled.
Despite what this movement is called, experts say true zero waste is difficult to achieve. This is because waste unavoidably comes about whenever an item is created, transported or repurposed (改换用途), either through emissions or energy. The idea, really, is to change mindsets and habits to lessen our negative impact on the environment as far as possible.
Going Green Origin: Date back to Impacts: Governments have been Ordinary people have been A growing tendency: unachievable because |
2 . Scientists in South Africa have found that ceramic (瓷的) nest boxes can protect endangered African penguins from climate change.
In the past, the penguins laid eggs in holes dug into centuries-old layers of their own droppings, most of which was shipped by traders to the United Kingdom as fertilizer (肥料) in the 1800s. Since then, many penguins have nested in the open, exposing their eggs and themselves to the burning heat.
Because penguins evolved to keep heat in cold water, they can easily overheat on land. Typically, penguins leave their nests regularly to cool off in the sea. But without proper holes, this leaves their eggs unprotected. Since 1900, the African penguin population has dropped from three million to only 48,000.
Fortunately, a team of researchers seem to have found a way. Over the past years, the team has put more than 1,500 handmade ceramic nest boxes in five areas where the penguins live, including Bird Island in Algoa Bay, South Africa, which is home to nearly half of the world’s remaining African penguins. Looking like small round houses, the double-walled ceramic nests can keep African penguins cool.
“The nests are so useful,” says Welman, a zoologist, “Even if adults had to leave nests for some reason, their eggs would never be at any risk of overheating.” Christina Hagen of Bird Life South Africa, who was not part of the study, says finding effective conservation solutions is important given the decreasing population of African penguins.
The main threat to African penguins is overfishing of anchovy and sardines, the penguins’ favorite food. Scientists and conservationists are pushing the South African government to close commercial fishing around the five African penguin breeding (繁殖) colonies until populations recover. But without protection from rising temperatures, those efforts alone may not be enough. Ceramic nests could help to give these beloved penguins a fighting chance.
1. What can we learn about African penguins from the passage?A.They well adapt to high temperatures. |
B.They are mainly threatened by pollution. |
C.They are suffering a lot from overheating. |
D.They have a population of over three million. |
A.There is a vast population of African penguins. |
B.It enjoys the best climate for African penguins. |
C.African penguins there can nest in the open. |
D.There are holes for penguins to lay eggs. |
A.To allow the penguins to stay cool inside. |
B.To protect the penguins from being hunted. |
C.To provide a place for the penguins to rest. |
D.To save enough room for the adult penguins. |
A.Creating more nesting areas for the penguins. |
B.Stopping people fishing where the penguins breed. |
C.Introducing new species of fish for the penguins. |
D.Providing man-made cooling facilities for the penguins. |
3 . Ashtyn Perry, with other 35 students from Springville, was planting baby sequoias in an area where a wildfire happened last year. The 13-year-old girl has a higher purpose: to plant baby sequoias that could grow into giants and live for thousands of years!
Last year, a wildfire broke out in the California mountain community of Sequoia Crest and destroyed dozens of its signature giant trees. To save the trees, a lot of measures have been taken, including replanting baby sequoias. The efforts are part of a project led by the Archangel Ancient Tree Archive, a nonprofit, to plant offspring from some of the largest and oldest trees. Their purpose is to archive the genetics of ancient trees, breed them and replant them.
Sequoias have massive trunks and can grow 90 meters tall. They grow naturally only in a 260-mile (420 kilometers) belt of forest in the Sierra Nevada mountains in California. The giant sequoia is the world's largest, and one of the best fire-resistant trees. Thick bark protects its trunk, and its canopy (树冠) is so high that it is out of reach of flames.
In recorded history, large sequoias had never damaged by fires before 2015. Destruction of the majestic trees hit unprecedented levels last year, when approximately 10% to 14% of the estimated 75, 000 trees larger than 4 feet (1.2 meters) in diameter burned, and thousands more were potentially lost this year.
An initial assessment was recently released last week, saying that climate change and a century of policies that emphasize extinguishing wildland fires are to blame for the fire. In fact, letting some burn can reduce the buildup of undergrowth around the trees and prevent bigger future fires. Hotter droughts have led to more intense fires that have burned through fuels accumulated through fire suppression.
To protect the trees, many measures are being taken, including replanting 150 of the 7-year-old seedlings. Ashtyn said she'd like to return once a year to see how they're growing, and she hopes they become giants.
1. What did Ashtyn and her friends do to save sequoias?A.Planting young trees. | B.Protecting the old trees. |
C.Preventing the wildfire. | D.Transforming their genes. |
A.It's the oldest tree globally. | B.It's easily destroyed by fire. |
C.Its canopy is fire-resisted. | D.It's unique to California. |
A.To call for immediate action. | B.To prove the fires were severe. |
C.To warn the trees are dying out. | D.To show the loss is huge. |
A.Locals are responsible for the fires. | B.Wildfires are not necessarily bad. |
C.Dry weather causes bigger fires. | D.Preventing wildfires is a solution. |
4 . A waste management system is a collective kind of efforts and has to be supported by the government and all the people. There are some countries with the most interesting waste sorting culture.
Germany is the country with the world's number one recycling system. It has a quite detailed way of sorting their waste-down to the colour of glass waste and the type of paper that could be put inside the paper waste bin. Items like used batteries, electronics, unused paints and appliances must be returned to special locations to be recycled. Other items such as clothes, shoes and furniture are advised to be sold or donated. There's this thing called deposit in Germany, a certain part of the price on a bottled drink that you get back if you return the bottle. German law requires that all shops selling bottled drinks should have such a return point.
South Koreans used to ignore how to sort their waste, but in 1995 their government took a different path from other countries: they set up a systematic(系统的)and strict waste management standard to make sure the development of their future economy. Their government knows that a, good waste management system brings money-saving and environment-caring. South Korea succeeded in changing the people's behavior and did everything to ensure their waste reduction.
It's never too hard to throw your garbage in Indonesia. What Indonesians commonly do is putting your trashes in your personal garbage area at the front of your house, right at the side of the street. And the garbage collectors with their big garbage truck will pick the trashes up. Imagine how much culture shock an Indonesian would suffer when they live in a country famous for its complicated waste sorting system such as Japan, South Korea or Germany-a place where public shaming and fine for a failure in obeying the waste sorting rules is more likely to happen.
1. What can we know about Germany according to the text?A.It sorts the waste in a simple way. |
B.It has the best waste-recycling system. |
C.It pays no attention to sorting the waste. |
D.It advises people to donate unused paints. |
A.Fund donated by the public. |
B.Drinks forbidden by laws. |
C.Money returned to customers. |
D.Places set up for recycling. |
A.Indonesia. | B.Japan. | C.South Korea. | D.Germany. |
A.To inform a way of recycling. | B.To compare different cultures. |
C.To advertise a sorting company. | D.To introduce waste managing systems. |
1. 环境保护的重要性;
2. 你在活动中的表现;
3. 你的感受。
注意:1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Lucas,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
6 . In the past five years, about 2.8 billion of school textbooks were sold per year, with total spending of 20 billion yuan ($3 billion), news magazine Outlook Weekly reported, citing data released recently by the National Press and Publication Administration.
If these textbooks are reused for one year, the costs saved can be used to help build around 40,000 Hope Schools in impoverished regions.
The figures show that in 2018, the number of retailed textbooks for primary and secondary schools was 2.93 billion copies, totaling 25.99 billion yuan. If all of them are reused, a total of over 20 billion yuan will be saved per year.
Zhao Dehua, in charge of a company recycling resources, said many college graduates sell the textbooks they have accumulated over the years at an average price of 1 yuan per kilogram. As these textbooks are mostly used to produce recycled paper, the cost is even higher than that of raw paper as the processing procedure of recycled paper is complicated.
At present, free textbooks related to music, art and P.E for the nine-year compulsory education have been reused, but account for less than a fraction of the total number of textbooks. Because of the supply chain obstruction, which increases the costs to match supply with demand, the lack of sound platform and service supporting system for the second-hand textbook trade, most of the textbooks used for compulsory education and higher education end up as waste.
“Every year, second-hand booksellers collect textbooks at a price of about 4,000 yuan a ton, which is more than twice the price of ordinary waste paper, but the number of people who come to collect second-hand books is still few,” Zhao Dehua said.
Besides, the incomplete policies and regulations might bring second-hand book sales platforms and sellers to legal risks.
“Establishing the system of textbook recycling can not only save resources, but also help to cultivate students’ consciousness and sense of responsibility,” said Zhu Pin, deputy head of a school of nine-year compulsory education in Jiangxi province. The school has set up a system for reusing the textbooks and the books are disinfected every week.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 4?A.College students sell textbooks in order to make profits. |
B.Recycled paper is mainly used for environmental considerations. |
C.The cost of recycled paper is greater than that of raw paper. |
D.Certain groups of collectors tend to choose second-hand textbooks. |
A.It is blocked because of lack of funds. |
B.The supply of recycled textbooks is not adequate to meet the demand. |
C.The regulation of second-hand textbooks has not been carried out yet. |
D.A large number of second-hand textbooks are not used properly. |
A.The school frees recycled textbooks from bacteria regularly. |
B.The school proposes regulations for wasting second-hand textbooks. |
C.The school calls on students to participate in the system of textbook recycling. |
D.The school requests the government’s support. |
A.Textbooks recycled for less waste |
B.Recycled textbooks used for compulsory education |
C.Reusing textbooks good for environment and wallet |
D.Reusing textbooks good for collection |
7 . A United Nations group of experts predicted that global warming would reach extreme levels by the early 2030s. The likely result: ever-worsening weather disasters and related events—hunger, extinction of some plant and wildlife species and the spread of infectious diseases.
There is still time to avoid these disasters, but the window for action is closing quickly. Yet the reality is, few countries are on track to meet their existing goals to address climate change. Luckily, there is one bright note in this otherwise black picture: individual innovators are stepping up to try to find solutions to fight climate crisis using technology in new and creative ways.
When Beth began working in the fashion industry, she was disappointed to find that many makers tended to largely guess what people would actually buy. As a result, companies overproduced clothes, creating needless waste and environmental pollution.
To reduce unsold products and material waste in the fashion industry, in 2015, Beth began her own company, Unspun, which seeks solutions by making on-demand custom clothing tailored to a buyer’s body using a 3D-body scan. “We will never make clothes before they have a home.” said Beth. Its self-developed 3D-weaving(编织) machine enables customisation using a body scanner.
Unspun launched its first 3D woven items using the innovative tech last year. Since then, the company has produced thousands of pairs of pants, hats, bags in a test run for a large European retailer(零售商).
Unspun doesn’t intend to keep its novel production technique to itself. The company is in the process of building microsites around the world to localize 3D weaving production. For example, the company has set up its office in Hong Kong with a focus on business development, marketing and customer services. “Our goal is to reduce the global human carbon footprint by 1 percent, and the only way to realistically get there is to become a platform, working with forward-thinking brands (品牌) to collectively cleanup the industry,” says Beth.
1. What does the underlined words “bright note” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Experts’ prediction. | B.Individual contribution. |
C.The window for action. | D.A new technology. |
A.avoid blind production | B.promote the sales of clothing |
C.produce 3D-weaving machines | D.take the lead in the fashion industry |
A.To test out3D-weaving machine. |
B.To stress its commercial advantages. |
C.To show an application of Beth’s idea. |
D.To illustrate the significance of teamwork. |
A.Beth: Rising to Fame Overnight |
B.Unspun: Weaving Clothes With Zero Waste |
C.Global Warming: Issuing a Warning to Earth |
D.3D-weaving Machine: Hitting the Market Soon |
8 . The food we eat every day keeps us alive, but it can also bring big health and environmental costs. A recent study finds that small shifts in the food choices could have great benefits to both health and the planet.
Because many foods with a high health burden, including processed meats or red meats, have high environmental costs. Reducing just about 10 percent of a person’s daily intake can cut a person’s food-based environmental footprint by over 30 percent. Between growing it, packaging it, moving it around, cooking it, and often wasting it, food production makes up about one-fifth to one-third of all annual greenhouse gas emissions globally. For an average household, food makes up about as much of the greenhouse gas footprint as the electricity.
To learn how to reduce negative impacts of food production and consumption on the planet and the body, researchers first assessed damage related to food. Over the past few decades, scientists have developed ways of doing “life cycle analyses” for specific items and assigned them a hard number to show their environmental impact. Meanwhile, public health scientists were doing similar analyses for human bodies. They carefully examined the links between food and health. They concluded that agriculture is a huge piece of the climate puzzle, and agriculture, food, and diet are all linked.
We can’t stop eating, so what should we do? For some climate challenges, there are relatively straightforward ways. For example, renewable energy sources can already replace much of the energy needed to power buildings, cars, and more.
There’s no substitute for food, but shifting what we eat is possible. If all people on the planet are vegans, greenhouse gas emissions from the food system could be cut by more than half; a planet of vegetarians would trim food emissions by 44 percent.
1. Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 2?A.To highlight the harm of gas emission. |
B.To advocate the consumption of red meats. |
C.To show the environmental impact of food. |
D.To illustrate the necessity of cutting food waste. |
A.Food and human bodies. | B.Climate change and health. |
C.Agriculture and human development. | D.Food production and the environment. |
A.Eat whatever you want. | B.Use fossil energy sources. |
C.Reduce food consumption. | D.Consume more vegetables. |
A.Reduce. | B.Release. | C.Affect. | D.Improve. |
9 . Mobile Bay in Alabama is home to a strange and unique occurrence. During the summer months, hundreds of fish and crustaceans (甲壳纲动物) from the deep waters of the bay move to the shallow waters. The free seafood is so plentiful and easy to catch with nets or bare hands that locals gather to fill their buckets with it. This natural phenomenon has existed for centuries.
Sarah Van Winkle, a student at the Alabama School of Math & Science, is no stranger to the scene. Growing up there, the rich plants and animals never stop to amaze her.
As the world’s oceans face numerous issues such as pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction, she intended to figure out whether Mobile Bay was experiencing similar environmental threats in her most recent science project. Sarah studied the environment of Mobile Bay and she even extended the range of the research to the Mobile Tensaw-Delta, and the canals of a living district in Fairhope, Alabama. She analyzed key nutrient and metal levels in the ocean ecosystem.
Through the project, Sarah found that turbidity, an important indicator of water quality, increased sharply. This result showed, clearly that the area is filled with tiny pieces of matter, making the water there quite opaque.
For the project. Sarah was chosen as one of this year’s 24 Society for Science & the Public Community Innovation Award winners. “To me, this honor symbolizes that the ten months of late night readings, weekend field trips, and after-school sessions in the laboratory have truly come to fruition and impacted lives,” Sarah noted.
“Our local ocean ecosystem is in danger of chemical pollution from a variety of sources,” Sarah explained in an interview. “The bay plays a vital role in our community and every local should value what the bay offers. It’s our responsibility to work together to preserve it.”
1. What’s the unusual scene in Mobile Bay in summer months?A.The water’s becoming shallow and clear. | B.The decline of the natural environment. |
C.The flood of seafood into shallow waters. | D.The locals’ growing interest in fishing with buckets. |
A.Fresh. | B.Cloudy. | C.Clear. | D.Shallow. |
A.Hard work pays off. | B.Time waits for no man. |
C.Practice makes perfect. | D.Failure is the mother of success. |
A.The focus of her future work. | B.Her concern for the local people. |
C.The complexity of the local ocean system. | D.Her expectation of protecting the bay. |
10 . A Ghanaian man in Africa, who once made glass jewelry (珠宝), is now focusing on more than
Tetteh got to
Why not
Tetteh melts the
Tetteh, now 44, loves what he is doing. “Glass is my
A.efforts | B.skills | C.family | D.usage |
A.environmentally | B.emotionally | C.practically | D.physically |
A.refer to | B.learn | C.admire | D.apply |
A.affected | B.changed | C.inspired | D.confused |
A.train | B.allow | C.attract | D.follow |
A.produce | B.introduce | C.improve | D.collect |
A.reality | B.art | C.truth | D.money |
A.poor | B.dependent | C.unnoticed | D.wild |
A.changeable | B.colorful | C.harmful | D.abandoned |
A.mix | B.put | C.shape | D.beat |
A.patience | B.devotion | C.invention | D.payment |
A.happier | B.simpler | C.cleaner | D.safer |
A.dream | B.profession | C.choice | D.decision |
A.proud | B.struggling | C.anxious | D.trying |
A.at risk | B.in danger | C.by chance | D.in need |