1 . How to Protect Wildlife

Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and other human actions. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions can help protect many different animals.     1    

● Create wildlife friendly areas. When trying to make your garden more beautiful, choose plants that can provide food and shelter to native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution.     2    

●     3     By using less water and fewer fuels, you will be helping to protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway when you can and turn off electric devices when you’re not using them.

● Buy products that are wildlife-friendly.     4     Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, catches or hunters who are after other wildlife within the same habitat.

● Limit family size. Population growth is one of the major factors in habitat destruction. With the rapidly growing population, more and more habitats for wildlife are occupied by humans.     5     In this way, the Earth’s population will stabilize and native habitats can be protected.

A．Live a greener life.

B．Donate money to organizations.

C．Each family should be limited to one or two children.

D．Avoid products that are made from endangered animals.

E．Protecting wildlife from being endangered is every family’s duty.

F．Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions.

G．Build bird houses to your garden or yard to attract and shelter these species.

2 . New Lives for Old Phones

When a new mobile phone starts to be sold in stores, many people rush out to buy one. We all want the newest, latest thing.     1    .

Mike Townsend works at Total Recall, a mobile phone recycling company. “Don’t throw your old phone away.     2     if you throw it away, it goes with other rubbish to become landfill. In other words, it is put in a big hole in the ground and it becomes a big problem,” he says.

Mobile phones contain some poisonous materials. If your phone goes to a landfill, these poisonous materials can get out and get into the water under the ground. That’s the water we need to drink or water goes into rivers or the ocean.     3     That’s a lot of landfill and a lot of poisonous materials.

“At Total Recall, we separate the old phones into pieces. Most of the materials in the mobile phones can be recycled and used again.     4     For example, phone batteries contain nickel and cadmium. The nickel is used to make steel and the cadmium can be used to make new batteries.” explains Mike.

“    5     You can usually just take it into a mobile phone shop and they wilt send it to us,” says Mike.

So before you throw that old mobile phone away, use it the last time: search for a recycler near you and give them a call.

A．Recycling your old phone is easy.

B．Send it to us and we’ll recycle it.

C．How much is your old mobile phone worth?

D．But what should we do with our old mobile phones?

E．Millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year.

F．Recycling materials helps keep the environment greener and cleaner.

G．We take apart the old phones and they are used to make new products.

3 . Will you stop using plastic?

If you take a look around your kitchen or office right now, chances are that you’ll notice you’re surrounded by plastic—water bottles, to-go coffee cups, straws (吸管), plastic grocery bags, food wrappers, take-out containers, single-serve coffee pods and produce bags.     1    

It’s certainly not realistic to remove all plastic from your life, but let’s examine some statistics that may encourage you to reduce your single-use plastic footprint by throwing away straws, switching to reusable water bottles, bringing cloth bags to the grocery store and more.

According to a study published in the journal Science Advances, the popularity of plastic, which began rising in the 1950s, is growing out of control.     2     And there’s no sign of slowing down, considering scientists say that another 12 trillion kilograms will be produced worldwide by 2050.

“Every piece of plastic that has ever been created will remain in the environment in some form, but once we conveniently throw out our rubbish at home, wind and runoff carry our waste from landfills and streets to the ocean,” says Mystic Aquarium’s chief clinical veterinarian Jennifer Flower, DVM, MS. “Given that we are globally producing over 320 million tons of plastic annually, the marine environment is taking a big hit from our daily disposal of plastic.

    3     For example, newborn fish are mistaking tiny bits of plastic waste for food. If they die, there will be fewer big fish—and that could damage the food chain. Often our society is so focused on making our lives more convenient in the short term, but in the long run, our health and the health of marine life are at the expense of those everyday conveniences.”

    4     A recent report suggests that when heated, certain food additives (添加剂) can damage hormones, growth and development, as well as increase chances for children of being fat.     5     It is found in plastic containers and metal cans. Parents are urged to avoid using microwaves to warm food and drinks or placing plastics in the dishwasher.

A．Our plastic consumption is directly affecting the life in the ocean.

B．People are concerned about the results of overusing plastic containers.

C．8.2 trillion kilograms of plastic have been produced around the world.

D．Using plastic containers in microwaves is also harmful to children’s health.

E．Let’s stop using plastic for the benefit of the environment and human beings.

F．These are all examples of single-use plastic products, which is a hot topic nowadays.

G．The most concerning artificial additive BPA is a chemical used in the production of plastics.

4 . Why Is Sorting Important When Recycling?

We all agree that we should recycle more at home, in the office or when out and about.     1    Consequently, they can be collected and taken to the right place for recycling. This is what the process of sorting allows us to do.

    2    And the effective sorting needs to happen first, in our own home and second, in sorting plants to which waste is collected. When you put a plastic bottle in the right recycling bag or bin,   you are helping sort recyclables so that the right material can be fed into the right recycling process. If sorting does not happen，a lot of recyclable materials can end up in landfills. It will lead to valuable resources lost from our economy.

    3    For instance, in Brussels consumers put plastic packaging, cans and beverage cartons in blue bags designed for recyclable packaging; paper in yellow bags for recycling; and glass needs to be taken to specific collection bins. Somewhat differently, in Vienna (Austria), citizens can expect their paper, metal, glass and plastic to be separately collected in different weeks of the year.    4    ．

Once recyclable materials are collected from your home, they are further sorted in specialized facilities which ensure the quality of the recycling process.     5    Traditionally, sorting has been done either manually with workers sorting what can be recycled and picking out the materials to be discarded or mechanically. Today, however, new sorting technologies are being developed in order to speed up the process of sorting but to also cause better results. Exciting technologies using magnets or optical systems are being used to effectively sort materials so more of it can be recycled.

A．For effective recycling we need effective sorting.

B．Packaging at work is the first step towards recycling.

C．This is where different sorting techniques come into play.

D．So citizens need to be aware of their local collection system.

E．Collection systems can be very different from country to country.

F．The rest was landfilled or burned even though they could have been recycled or reused.

G．But for materials to be recycled, they first need to find their way to the right waste stream.

5 . For 21-year-old Malhar Kalambe, weekends are not about hanging out with friends. Instead, they have a different mission — cleaning the Datar Beach. Collectively， they have made such a huge difference to the beach that the United Nations has recognized their contributions.

“Actually the idea stemmed from my vacation to Bali, the clean beach leaving a great impression on me. After returning, I found our beaches in shambles. During a conversation with my mother, I was complaining about how bad our beaches are compared to beaches in Bali, and my mother just said, 'Don't complain, if you care, just go and clean. ^? and thus 'Beach Please'," Malhar said. “It began on September 10, 2017 and since then cleaning the garbage on the beach has become a weekend routine. Currently, there are 25 odd volunteers spending our weekends cleaning the beach.”

After cleaning the beach for months, Malhar and his friends realized that it was of a little help and there is no end to this. They needed to contain the source which dumps garbage in the ocean. They found that the Mithi River is being used to dump the industrial waste, construction waste and even domestic waste into the ocean and they decided to also clean the river. Now on Saturday, they clean the Mithi River and on Sunday, they focus on the Datar Beach. In order to make a sustainable （可持续的）difference, they must make people understand that they have to stop dumping garbage into any source. “Awareness, recycling and cleaning up are three steps which can bring a change. I hope people realize it's their duty to   keep their surroundings as well as the ocean clean,“ Malhar added.

1. What does the underlined phrase “in shambles” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Damp.

B．Messy.

C．Crowded.

D．Abandoned.

2. What do we know about Malhar Kalambe?

A．He likes hanging out with his friends.	B．He encourages his mother to join him.
C．He volunteers to clean the Datar Beach.	D．He complains his vacation to Bali to his friends.

3. What is the top priority （优先事项）to make the Datar Beach clean continuously?

A．Recycling most of domestic waste.

B．Calling for people to make a green trip.

C．Raising people's awareness of protecting the ocean.

D．Seeking for the source of the ocean pollution.

4. Which of the following best describes Malhar Kalambe?

A．Sympathetic.

B．Considerate.

C．Outgoing.

D．Responsible.

6 . The endangered pandas in the Qinling Mountains might face a new threat: the loss of their food — bamboo, which makes up 99% of their meals.

Adult pandas spend most of the day eating bamboo and have to take in at least 40 pounds a day to stay healthy. However, a new study published in Nature Climate Change warned that they may soon find their food gone because most of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains might disappear by the end of the century as a result of the rising temperature worldwide.

A team made up of researchers from Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has studied the effects of climate change on the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains. They have found that bamboo is very sensitive to climate change. “80% to 100% of the bamboo would be gone if the average temperature increases 3.5 degrees worldwide by the end of the century,” said Liu Jianguo, one of the report's authors.

He added, “This is how much the temperature would rise by 2100 even if all countries will keep their promises in The Paris Agreement. But you know what is happening around the world.”

In recent years, China has been trying its best to protect the endangered pandas by setting up more and bigger nature reserves.

“But it is far from being enough and the endangered pandas need cooperation from the rest of the world, because their future is not just in the hands of the Chinese,”said Shirley Martin from the WWF but not a member of the team.

There are 345 wild pandas in the Qinling Mountains. That is about 18.5% of the population of China's wild pandas. In addition, about 375 pandas are living in research centers and zoos in China.

1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A．The Qinling Mountains can provide enough bamboo for the pandas.

B．Pandas in the Qinling Mountains are only threatened by the loss of food.

C．Lots of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains will probably disappear.

D．Pandas have already eaten 99% of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains.

2. What does Liu Jianguo mean?

A．China needs more help from the WWF.

B．It is difficult to control the temperature rise within 3.5 degrees.

C．Bamboo is sensitive to changes in temperature.

D．China is making great efforts to protect the pandas.

3. How many wild pandas are there in China?

A．About 345.

B．About 408.

C．About 2,272.

D．About 1,864.

4. Which can be the best title for the text?

A．The Disappearance of Bamboo

B．Necessity to Change Pandas' Food

C．A New Threat Faced by the Pandas

D．Efforts Made to Save Pandas

7 . The early life of the green sea turtle (海龟) is full of danger. Only one in 1,000 baby sea turtles survive to adulthood (成年). From its home in the sand, it breaks its egg with an egg tooth. Its mother is not there to help it. Instead, it is greeted by crabs, coyotes, and dogs waiting to eat it for dinner. To survive, the baby turtle must hide in the sand until night. Then, it moves slowly to the sea.

The small turtle must swim hard to reach the ocean waters. In the sea, it tries hard to find food. It must also keep itself from being food for fish.

As dangerous as the sea turtle’s life is in the natural world, its most dangerous enemies are humans. The rubbish left by humans in the ocean causes problems for the small green sea turtle. A little turtle might eat a piece of plastic (塑料) in the sea. It might also eat oil on the ocean’s surface. Young turtles also get caught in fishing nets. There are laws against hunting sea turtles. Still, many are hunted, both for their meat and for their shells (壳). All of these dangers must be prevented.

Sea turtles that do survive to grow into adulthood go through many changes. For example, adult green sea turtles weigh about 500 pounds. They stop eating jellyfish and other meat and eat only plants. And they may plan a trip to go back home again. A mother sea turtle goes back to the beach where she was born. This is the only place where she will lay eggs. Even if it has been forty years since she was a baby, she always knows her way back home.

1. Why do baby turtles move to the sea at night?

A．They dislike sunshine.

B．They prefer lower temperatures.

C．They can find food easily then.

D．They need to avoid enemies.

2. What does the author think of the young turtles in Paragraph 3?

A．Pitiful.	B．Careless.
C．Interesting.	D．Courageous.

3. What can we learn about sea turtles?

A．They mainly feed on fish and meat.

B．They always produce eggs at their birthplaces.

C．They can live for around forty years.

D．They visit their beach homes several times a year.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The homes of green sea turtles.

B．How sea turtles find their food.

C．The dangers faced by sea turtles.

D．How young turtles become adults.

8 . A tree planting initiative in Kenya has seen over 30,000 trees being planted. The Green Generation Initiative is a Kenyan charity that has been planting trees to counter climate change and the reduction in forest in the East African nation since 2016.

Founded by climate activist Elizabeth Wathuti, the initiative's primary focus is on developing young climate activists through environmental education in schools and addressing food insecurity in the region through planting fruit trees. Since its foundation, over 30,000 trees have been planted in Kenya, while thousands of school children have not just planted trees but adopted them to ensure that young people learn the importance of acting as a guardian of the health of the environment. The trees have recorded a survival rate of over 98 percent, as they continue growing from young trees to maturity.

Speaking to world leaders at the recent UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26)，Elizabeth issued a serious warning about the threat of climate change: “Over two million of Kenyans are facing climate­related starvation. In 2025, half of the world's population will be facing water shortage. By the time I'm 50, the climate crisis will displace over 80 million people in sub­Saharan Africa alone.”

Elizabeth said, “I have been doing what I can.Inspired by the great Wangari Maathai, I founded a tree growing initiative that enhances food security for young Kenyans. So far, we have grown 30，000 fruit trees, providing desperately needed nutrition for thousands of children.” “Every day we see that when we look after the trees, they look after us. We are the adults on this Earth right now, and it is our responsibility to ensure that the children have food and water, ”she added.

1. What is the initiative intended for?

A．Making policies.

B．Raising money.

C．Educating adults.

D．Fighting climate change.

2. What crisis are Kenyans encountering at present?

A．Hunger.	B．Sickness.
C．Water shortage.	D．Economic risks.

3. What has been achieved since 2016 in Kenya?

A．Over 3,000 trees have been planted.

B．Green awareness has been raised.

C．Over 80 million people have been saved.

D．School education has been guaranteed.

4. Which of the following can best describe Elizabeth Wathuti?

A．Friendly and talented.

B．Caring and responsible.

C．Honest and determined.

D．Ambitious and humorous.

9 . Cigarette ends are everywhere--littering our streets and beaches--and for decades they've been thought of as “unrecyclable”. But a New Jersey-based company, called Terracycle, has taken on the challenge, and has come up with a way to recycle millions of cigarette ends and turn them into industrial plastic products. Its aim is to recycle things that people normally consider impossible to reuse.

Obviously it would be even better for the environment if everyone just stopped smoking but the statistics show that although there has been an increase in anti-smoking ads and posters, between 2000 and 2014.global sales of cigarettes increased by 8 percent, and a whole lot of those cigarette ends ended up as trash: Since most of our litter eventually ends up in waterways, cigarette ends can surely pollute the surrounding environment. “It only takes a single cigarette end to pollute a liter of water,” Temacycle’s founder, Tom Swak, said. “Animals can also mistake cigarette ends littered for food.”

So how do you go about turning all those poisonous ends into something useful? Terracycle does this by first breaking them down into separate parts. They mix the remaining materials, such as the tobacco and the paper, with other kinds of rubbish, and use it on non-agricultural land, such as golf courses. The filters (过滤嘴) are a little harder. To recycle these. Terracycle first makes them clean and cuts them into small pieces, and then combines them with other recycled materials, making them into liquid for industrial plastic products.

They’re now also expanding their recycling offerings to the rest of the 80 percent of household waste that currently can’t be recycled, such as chocolate packaging, pens, and mobile phones. The goal is to use the latest research to find a way to stop so much waste ending up in landfills, and then get companies to provide money for the process. And now, it works well.

“We haven't found anything that we can’t recycle,” communications director of Terracycle, Albe Zakes, said. “But with the amount and varieties of packaging and litter in the world, we are always looking for new waste streams to address.”

1. What does Terracycle intend to do?

A．Search for recyclable materials for use.

B．Deal with as many cigarette ends as possible.

C．Produce new kinds of industrial plastic products.

D．Recycle what used to be considered unrecyclable.

2. What does the underlined word “trash” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Rubbish.

B．Poison.

C．Disaster.

D．Ruin.

3. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A．The effective use of cigarette ends.

B．The process of recycling cigarette ends.

C．The difficulty in recycling cigarette ends.

D．The reason for breaking down cigarette ends.

4. What do Albe’s words in the last paragraph imply?

A．There is more and more waste to be recycled.

B．It is difficult for Terracycle to recycle everything.

C．Terracycle is trying to meet the challenge of new waste.

D．Terracycle has successfully recycled a large amount of waste.

10 . If you were to throw, say, a banana peel out of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it’s part of a fruit — right? Actually, no. A banana peel can take up to two years to be naturally processed, and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of discarded banana peels. An orange peel and a cigarette butt’s biodegrading (生物降解) term is similar to that of a banana peel, but tin cans last up to 100 years and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles.

Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for a longer time, we can’t merely measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short length of biodegrading time, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is discarded in the UK every day.

It’s not a cheap habit either: to keep our streets clean annually costs UK taxpayers ￡500 million, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to ￡1 billion. So, it’s not surprising that if caught fly-tipping (乱倒垃圾) you will face a ￡20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you dispose of something dangerous, the court will give you five years to serve. Regardless of how severe these punishments might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were found guilty out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people obey the rules.

1. What does the underlined word “discarded” in Para. 1 mean?

A．Harmless.	B．Processed.
C．Thrown.	D．Long-lasting.

2. Which of the following has the longest biodegrading term?

A．Tin cans.	B．Glass bottles.
C．Cigarette butts.	D．Banana peels.

3. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A．Fly-tipping will only cost people some money.

B．It’s not so hard to make sure people obey the rules.

C．A large number of people were found guilty of illegally littering.

D．Every year UK taxpayers spend huge amounts of money to keep the streets from dirt.

4. What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To call for people not to litter illegally.

B．To stress the importance of good behavior.

C．To encourage people to use fewer plastic bags.

D．To inform readers of different biodegrading terms.