1 . The newly-elected president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro says that his country should withdraw (退出) from the 2015 Paris Agreement, and that Brazil’s rainforest protections are standing in the way of economic success. During the election campaign, he promised to ease protections for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native people and wildlife. Are Brazil’s rainforests in danger?
The Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest, is called “the lungs of the planet.” Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots and release water vapor into the air, forming tiny drops of water. The Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall. Carlos Nobre, a climate scientist, says that it is almost impossible to say Just how important the rainforest is to the planet’s living systems.
Some of Bolsonaro’s support comes from business and farming groups. One supporter, Luiz Carlos, noted that farmers “are not invaders, they are producers.” He blamed the past government for supporting rainforest protections at the cost of farmers. “Brazil,” he said, “will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro’s years.”
Paulo Artaxo, a professor of environmental physics at the University of Sao Paulo, says that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly — and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet.”
Other scientists warn that if the Amazon and other tropical rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall in other areas. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.
1. The first paragraph is intended to ________.| A．draw people’s attention to the disappearing rainforests |
| B．ask people to ease the protection of rainforests |
| C．attract the public to the newly-elected president |
| D．to complain about the new government's withdrawing |
| A．produce much farmland |
| B．examine people’s lungs |
| C．change the earth’s living system |
| D．destroy farmers’ crops |
| A．The new president’s supporters care less about farmers. |
| B．Scientists are concerned about the protection of rainforests. |
| C．The rainforests will stop the economic development in Brazil. |
| D．The past government is to blame for the destruction of rainforests |
| A．a newspaper |
| B．a magazine |
| C．a guidebook |
| D．a textbook |
In 2004, the junior high school student, now 13, launched the basketball-themed Hoops of Hope,
“I realized these kids weren’t any
Another participant, Li Yeqiao, a 15-year-old student at Beijing Bayi Middle School, told the conference how the group seeks to improve the way electronic waste
British animal behavior expert Jane Goodall introduced the Roots & Shoots concept to China in 2000 to promote environmental and humanitarian education programs to
1、活动目的；
2、活动内容（清除湖边垃圾,宣讲垃圾分类的好处……）；
3、你的感想。
参考词汇：垃圾分类garbage-sorting
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Happy Weekend
Last weekend, the volunteers from our school did something very meaningful.
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4 . After the season for giving, it is the one for throwing away. Each year in late December and early January a massive amount of plastic packaging is discarded (丢弃) worldwide. In Britain alone households generate 30% more waste, an extra 3m tonnes, in the month over Christmas. Most is destined for landfill. Lithuania will do less damage than many, though. The country now recycles at a record level. Almost three- quarters (74%) of plastic packaging waste was recycled there in 2017, the highest proportion in Europe.
Much of Lithuania' s success is due to a deposit refund scheme (方案). Customers pay €0.10 extra when buying drinks containers. After use, these can be fed into reverse vending machines (反向自动售货机) installed in shops, which spit the deposit back out. The machines’ contents are sent directly to recycling centers. By the end of 2017, 92% of all bottles and cans sold in Lithuania were being returned. The overall plastic packaging recycling rate increased by almost 20%.
The Lithuanian government says the scheme has fueled a potential love for recycling in its citizens. Nearly 90% of Lithuanians have used the machines at least once. However, Lithuanians do not generally describe themselves as eco-fighters. A 2017 survey by the European Commission found they were less likely than most other Europeans to regard environmental issues as “very important”.
The eagerness of Lithuanian recyclers may stem not from a love of the Earth but from a low net worth(资本净值). A tenth of the population live on less than €245 a month. In big cities it is common to see people scooping recyclable items out of bins to take to the machines.
Less litter and money for people who need it seems like a win-win. But it might not in fact be best for the environment in the long run. In Germany ----where a similar, widely used refund deposit scheme has been in place since 2003 --- the earnings from keeping the deposits from unreturned bottles seem to have discouraged producers from switching to more sustainable packaging.
1. What might most Lithuanian customers do under the deposit refund scheme?| A．They send their drinks containers directly to recycling centers. |
| B．They spend more on drinks than other European customers. |
| C．They return their used drinks containers. |
| D．They use vending machines to buy drinks. |
| A．Lithuania beat many countries in plastic recycling. |
| B．Lithuanians were less aware of environmental conservation. |
| C．Lithuanians made much money from recycling. |
| D．Lithuania had an unequal income distribution. |
| A．Positive. | B．Unfavorable. |
| C．Ambiguous. | D．Uninterested. |
| A．How and why Lithuanians recycle their trash. |
| B．How waste turns into treasure in Lithuania |
| C．Who are recycling plastic bottles in Lithuania |
| D．Where Lithuanians throw away their plastic packaging |
5 . In the past five years, about 2.8 billion of school textbooks were sold per year, with total spending of 20 billion yuan ($3 billion), news magazine Outlook Weekly reported, citing data released recently by the National Press and Publication Administration.
If these textbooks are reused for one year, the costs saved can be used to help build around 40,000 Hope Schools in impoverished regions.
The figures show that in 2018, the number of retailed textbooks for primary and secondary schools was 2.93 billion copies, totaling 25.99 billion yuan. If all of them are reused, a total of over 20 billion yuan will be saved per year.
Zhao Dehua, in charge of a company recycling resources, said many college graduates sell the textbooks they have accumulated over the years at an average price of 1 yuan per kilogram. As these textbooks are mostly used to produce recycled paper, the cost is even higher than that of raw paper as the processing procedure of recycled paper is complicated.
At present, free textbooks related to music, art and P.E for the nine-year compulsory education have been reused, but account for less than a fraction of the total number of textbooks. Because of the supply chain obstruction, which increases the costs to match supply with demand, the lack of sound platform and service supporting system for the second-hand textbook trade, most of the textbooks used for compulsory education and higher education end up as waste.
“Every year, second-hand booksellers collect textbooks at a price of about 4,000 yuan a ton, which is more than twice the price of ordinary waste paper, but the number of people who come to collect second-hand books is still few,” Zhao Dehua said.
Besides, the incomplete policies and regulations might bring second-hand book sales platforms and sellers to legal risks.
“Establishing the system of textbook recycling can not only save resources, but also help to cultivate students’ consciousness and sense of responsibility,” said Zhu Pin, deputy head of a school of nine-year compulsory education in Jiangxi province. The school has set up a system for reusing the textbooks and the books are disinfected every week.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 4?| A．College students sell textbooks in order to make profits. |
| B．Recycled paper is mainly used for environmental considerations. |
| C．The cost of recycled paper is greater than that of raw paper. |
| D．Certain groups of collectors tend to choose second-hand textbooks. |
| A．It is blocked because of lack of funds. |
| B．The supply of recycled textbooks is not adequate to meet the demand. |
| C．The regulation of second-hand textbooks has not been carried out yet. |
| D．A large number of second-hand textbooks are not used properly. |
| A．The school frees recycled textbooks from bacteria regularly. |
| B．The school proposes regulations for wasting second-hand textbooks. |
| C．The school calls on students to participate in the system of textbook recycling. |
| D．The school requests the government’s support. |
| A．Textbooks recycled for less waste |
| B．Recycled textbooks used for compulsory education |
| C．Reusing textbooks good for environment and wallet |
| D．Reusing textbooks good for collection |
1. 分析雾霾天气形成的原因（至少两点）；
2. 提出解决的办法；
3. 号召大家关注城市环境问题。
注意：1.字数 100 字左右 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
提示词汇: 雾霾天气 haze weather
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7 . In 2018, Pakistan promised to plant ten billion trees in an effort to slow climate change and to save a land that has been destroyed.
That program, whose name is 10 Billion Trees Tsunami, has been taking effect slowly for the past two years, but it recently has received unexpected help from the coronavirus(新冠病毒). Many Pakistanis are suddenly unemployed, so the government has given them jobs as tree-planters. Unemployed day laborers have been turned into "jungle workers", planting trees for 500 rupees a day($3). It's not much, but it can help the unemployed get by.
As the coronavirus struck Pakistan, the 10 Billion Trees campaign was halted as part of social distancing orders put in place to slow the spread of the virus. But earlier this month, the government allowed the forestry agency to restart the program and create more than 63, 600 jobs.
The program is employing three times the number of planters as it normally does, and the planting season has been extended from May(its usual end)throughout June, in order to keep workers employed. All workers are being told to wear masks and keep two meters of distance from others.
Shahid Rashid Awan, project director for Punjab province, said the project hopes to reach 50 million trees this year. “We can absorb all the unemployed laborers and workers who have fled the cities and returned to their villages in the past few weeks.”
A study declared tree planting to be an effective way to store carbon, and if planted in large quantities around the globe, a powerful solution to climate change. While it won’t fix every climate-related problem we have, it can go a long way if done widely, which is exactly what Pakistan is trying to do with such impressive determination.
And the workers will benefit greatly, too. Not only are they able to earn money and support their families at a difficult time, but they’re outside in the fresh air, away from the potential health risks from more tightly-packed urban environments. It’s a brilliant idea that all country leaders should consider copying.
1. How does the coronavirus influence Pakistan?| A．A lot of animals are starving. | B．Many people are out of work. |
| C．Much land is left unmanaged. | D．The government has lost power. |
| A．Agreed. | B．Discussed. | C．Stopped. | D．Doubted. |
| A．It has helped with employment. |
| B．It has persuaded people to plant trees in big cities. |
| C．Many laborers produce much less carbon dioxide. |
| D．It can contribute to fighting against climate change. |
| A．It serves as a good example. | B．It is not fit for other countries. |
| C．It is a waste of time and money. | D．It brings many economic benefits. |
8 . On a school day Greta’s teacher at her primary school showed her a video clip that turned her life upside down. The video was about
Her outrage over the
At first Greta joined a group of climate activists who had
The climate campaign
Greta
“You only speak of a green eternal economic growth because you are too scared of being
Even when the only
| A．starving | B．sleeping | C．threatening | D．surviving |
| A．Meanwhile | B．Constantly | C．finally | D．Afterwards |
| A．hang on | B．hold on | C．move on | D．talk on |
| A．nature | B．weather | C．climate | D．earth |
| A．cheating | B．mixing | C．judging | D．compromising |
| A．gathered | B．cheered | C．followed | D．socialized |
| A．recognized | B．contacted | C．admired | D．blamed |
| A．threats | B．types | C．benefits | D．opportunities |
| A．forcing | B．commanding | C．inviting | D．affecting |
| A．career | B．health | C．dream | D．future |
| A．launched | B．invented | C．founded | D．inspired |
| A．warned | B．accused | C．informed | D．cleared |
| A．illegal | B．illogical | C．unpopular | D．incredible |
| A．fight | B．mood | C．disaster | D．mess |
| A．productive | B．sensible | C．considerable | D．creative |
9 . Ramen noodles have been a go-to food for students for decades. After all, they only take eight minutes to cook in a dorm hotpot and are easy on the budget. Holly Grounds, a recent project design graduate who used to eat a lot of ramen noodles when she studied, started thinking that the packaging of a product shouldn't take decades or more to break down. That's why she decided to make eatable wrappers （包装材料） for noodles, avoiding the need for plastic.
Grounds wanted to produce a product that the user could watch actually melt in the pot. “While other bio-based alternatives to plastic claim to be able to break down, in a consumer’s eyes, it's not always that simple,”she said. “Many of the bio-based films only break down at 50 degrees Celsius, so they often end up in the wrong place without the consumer really knowing that they caused damage to the planet.”
Now, instead of plastic packs of seasonings, the dried spices and flavorings （调味品）are part of a flavorless bioplastic film that wraps the noodles and keeps them fresh. The film melts in less than a minute when it comes into boiling water, and the liquid becomes the sauce （调味汁）for the noodles.
“The sauce is heated until the mixture is thick enough. At this point, I add the spices and flavorings before pouring it into a mold （模子）to set for 24 hours,” Grounds said. These noodle parcels are then packaged in a wax-coated paper.
With plastics taking hundreds of years to break down, eatable packaging and single-use articles are seen as the way to go. Grounds sees opportunities to use her eatable packaging for other ready meals and she wants to contribute to the global fight against single-use plastics.
1. Why does Grounds want to replace plastic wrappers with eatable ones?| A．The plastic ones are not eco-friendly. |
| B．The plastic ones do harm to our health. |
| C．The eatable ones appeal to more consumers. |
| D．The eatable ones save more cooking time. |
| A．The immature technology. |
| B．The high cost of process. |
| C．Their very special material composition. |
| D．Their specific conditions of breaking down. |
| A．It ensures longer preservation time. |
| B．It requires a special cooking method. |
| C．It ends up as the sauce for food. |
| D．It improves the nutrition of noodles. |
| A．the method of using | B．the process of making |
| C．the packaging design for | D．the storage requirements for |
1. 垃圾分类的意义；
2. 在学校如何进行垃圾分类（例如：可回收垃圾收集等）
3. 希望大家积极参与
注意：词数不少于100；可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。
参考词汇：垃圾分类 rubbish classification
My fellow students,
I’m Li Jin, chairman of the Students' Union.
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