1 . With roaring ships, hammering oil drill, industrial fishing and coastal construction, humans have strongly influenced the underwater soundscape (声音景观) over the past couple of hundred years — in some cases posting a threat to whales, dolphins and other ocean creatures. Until recently, underwater sound pollution had not attracted the same attention. Now, a new paper published in the journal Science lays out the impacts, demonstrating that noise pollution can be just as harmful to the ocean environment as other kinds of pollution.

Even the cracking of glaciers and any drop of rain falling on the water’s surface can be heard deep under the sea. Sea life uses sound to study their habitat, and to keep in communication with each other. They also use sound by listening to know something about their environment.

“It’s a long-lasting problem that certainly weakens the animals all the way from individuals to populations,” says lead author Carlos M. Duarte, distinguished professor at Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), “We are hoping that this report will not only reveal elements of how humans impact the ocean through sound pollution, but that it will also bring the topic to the attention of policymakers who will be able to act based upon the very real solutions.”

Marine (海洋) ecologist Kirsten Thompson of the United Kingdom’s University of Exeter, who was not involved in the study, said the report could not have come at a better time. “It summarizes the fact that we are in this new phase of human-caused noise in our oceans that is having a dramatic impact on different species.” What matters most, she notes, is the fact that the paper “doesn’t just point at the problem, it shows how to solve it.”

Unlike plastic pollution or fertilizer runoff, noise pollution will not take years to fix. The moment we switch our noise off the impact disappears, Duarte says, pointing to marine life surveys conducted around April 5, 2020. Having the world use more renewable energy would lessen the need to drill for oil and gas. The international team of researchers also called for a global regulatory framework for measuring and managing ocean noise.

1. Which of the following threatens ocean creatures?

A．Travel industry.	B．Human activities.
C．Construction companies.	D．Sailing off the coast.

2. Why noise pollution is harmful to the ocean environment?

A．Ocean animals can’t fall asleep.	B．It causes the cracking of glaciers.
C．It’s a signal to the lower sea level.	D．It disrupts the behavior of sea life.

3. What can we learn from Kirsten Thompson?

A．She is one of the paper’s co-authors.

B．The report does not come at the right time.

C．The solutions are already available.

D．The report has raised great attention from seamen.

4. What is needed to reduce the underwater noise?

A．Technical advances and regulation.

B．A policy to measure the depth of ocean.

C．A global ban on drilling for oil and gas.

D．Noise standards for cars and trucks.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

During a rent visit to Cancun, Mexico, I visited a dolphin scanctuary (海豚保护区) where, I spoke with Eliott Carrillo about his job     1     a dolphin trainer.

“Each dolphin has its own personality (个性),” Carrillo said, “and every day     2     (be) different. Each day, the dolphins learn with     3     (we), and we learn with them.

When training dolphins,     4     is important to change their exercises often, so that they do not get bored. Trainers also enrich the dolphins’ lives by     5     (provide) entertainment (娱乐), Carrillo explained, and training is like a game. When trainers use a certain move, they make sure not to repeat it too many times. That way, the dolphin exercises different     6     (part) of its body and has fun.

Trainers     7     (usual) use a whistle (哨子) during training. Each time a dolphin makes the correct move, the trainer blows a whistle. The dolphin has to look at the trainer’s hand     8     (get) food.

Young people     9     live nearby are invited to learn more about the dolphins and their way of life. “We invite students from local schools,” said Mitzi Campos, the coordinator of environmental and ecology programs. “Kids have the chance to touch a dolphin, learn about     10     (pollute), study the science of living things and learn how to take care of our planet.”

3 . It might be strange to wear clothes made out of plastic bottles, But in fact, some clothing companies are already making such clothes. Fashion brand JUMA recently showed its newest collection at a workshop in Shanghai. Eighteen clothing items from the collection, including jackets, shirts and dresses, were made from recycled plastic bottles. “We realized that billions of water bottles were being thrown into landfills and oceans every year and that these bottles take hundreds of years to break down.We thought we should use them to create our clothes and help the environment,” said Alia Juma, the company's design director.

Many other fashion companies are finding similar ways to save our planet these days. The process is rather simple. First, the plastic bottles are washed and cut into small pieces. Then they are melted and shaped into small balls. The balls are melted again to for thread. People can then use the thread to make different kinds of clothes.

According to Juma, it takes 67,000 bottles to create 1 ton of thread. This reduces carbon emissions(排放)by 4.2 tons and water use by 6.2 tons compared with the normal way of making thread.“Four bottles can make one pillowcase. Five can make a shirt, 10 a dress and 20 a short coat,”Juma said.

Some people might have doubts about wearing something made out of plastic bottles. But according to Causeartist, a website that focuses on innovation, clothes made from plastics could be even better than some clothing-making materials.Plastic thread can be made into different textures(手感),such as cotton, silk or even wool. “The more we learn about recycled fabrics, the more we realize that they work just like other fabrics.You can get a heavier cotton feeling or a silky feeling by weaving the yarns(纱)into different textures and using different wash methods. There's actually a lot you can do with this fabric.” Juma said.

Currently, the price for the clothes in the new collection ranges from 500 to 3,000 yuan, However, Juma is optimistic that prices will decline when more companies follow the sustainability path taken by her business.

1. What caused Juma to create the clothes made from plastic bottles?

A．They are light to carry.	B．They are easy to wash.
C．They are simple to make.	D．They are environmentally friendly.

2. How does Juma support her views in Paragraph 3?

A．By analyzing causes.	B．By presenting figures.
C．By giving live shows.	D．By quoting others' words.

3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?

A．The emergence of a new fashion in clothing.

B．The advantages of clothes made from plastics.

C．The procedure of making clothes out of plastic bottles.

D．The reduction of carbon emission when making plastic thread.

4. What will the price of the plastic- made clothes be like in the future?

A．The price will go up year by year.

B．The price will range from 500 to 3,000 yuan.

C．The price will fall if more companies participate.

D．The price won't change a lot.

4 . Can plastic recycling reduce the import of oil? The United States Environmental Protection Agency says only seven percent of plastic waste in the United States is recycled each year. A new company in northern New York says it can increase that percentage. It also says it can help the United States reduce the amount of oil it imports.

The company has a machine called the “plastic-eating monster”. Every hour, thousands of kilograms of milk jugs, water bottles, and grocery bags are fed into the machine. The plastic waste comes from landfills across the United States.

John Bordynuik runs the company, called JBI Inc. Mr. Bordynuik has invented a new process of turning plastic into fuel. First, many different kinds of unwashed plastics are melted together. Mr. Bordynuik uses a special chemical to turn the fluid into a vapor. This reduces the plastic to its most basic elements. “Plastics are just long hydrocarbon chains. What we’re doing is re-forming them into links and chains that we want so they have a high fuel value.” Eight percent of the recycled plastic is used to run the system. Independent testers say eighty-six percent of what goes in comes out as fuel.

JBI produces several thousand liters of fuel a day. It creates different grades of fuel for different industries. It sells the fuel for up to one hundred dollars a barrel(桶). Each barrel costs about ten dollars to produce. John Bordynuik believes plastics will become an important source of fuel for the United States. He says this will reduce the country’s dependence on foreign oil and reduce the amount of plastic waste in its landfills.

Scientists say plastic-to-oil technology is still new and developing. They say it is not yet known if the process is environmentally friendly. And some question whether turning plastic into oil can even be considered “recycling”. Carson Maxted says because there is a lot of plastic waste and a great demand for oil, JBI’s recycling technology may create great changes in both industries. “So they’re getting value from something that would otherwise go to the landfill, things that wouldn’t be accepted into a recycling plant.”

1. What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about?

A．The formation of JBI.

B．The way to melt plastic.

C．The process of turning plastic into fuel.

D．The process of inventing the plastic-eating monster.

2. What’s John Bordynuik’s attitude toward plastic recycling?

A．Critical.	B．Positive.
C．Negative.	D．Indifferent.

3. What can we infer from what Carson Maxted said?

A．Plastic-to-oil technology can reduce plastic waste.

B．Plastic-to-oil technology is getting value from the landfill.

C．Plastic-to-oil technology is considered to be recycling.

D．Plastic-to-oil technology is regarded as environmentally friendly.

4. How does the author mainly support his idea?

A．By listing facts.	B．By analyzing causes.
C．By making comparison.	D．By providing an example.

5 . The Great Barrier Reef's outlook remains “very poor” despite coral (珊瑚) recovery over the past year, Australian government scientists said Monday, just days before a UNESCO ruling on the site's world heritage (遗产) status.

The United Nations cultural agency recommended last month that the world's largest reef (珊瑚礁) system be placed on its endangered list because of damage to the corals largely caused by climate change.

The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) said the corals were now in a “recovery window” after a decade of harmful heat stress and cyclones (旋风). But such opportunities were becoming rarer due to the influence of climate change, the government agency, which has monitored the reef for 35 years, said in its annual report released today. “The increasing emergence of climate-related extreme weather events and starfish outbreaks is causing more severe and frequent pressures, giving the reef fewer opportunities like this to recover,”CEO Paul Hardisty said. The scientists surveyed 127 reef sites in 2021 and found hard coral cover had increased at 69 of the 81 locations surveyed in the past two years.

Separate scientific research released last October found the 2, 300-kilometre (1, 400 miles) system had lost half its corals since 1995, with a series of ocean heatwaves causing mass coral death.

Britta Schaffelke, research program director at AIMS, said the latest findings provided a slight hope that the reef still has the power of recovering. But she added that its future is still very poor because of the dangers of climate change and other factors that are affecting the reef.

UNESCO has urged Australia to take urgent climate action but the government has long resisted calls to commit to net zero emissions (排放) by 2050. The government has said it hopes to meet the target “as soon as possible” without harming its economy, insisting dealing with climate change requires a global effort. The reef was worth about US $4. 8 billion a year in tourism for the Australian economy and there are fears that an “in danger” listing could weaken its tourist appeal.

1. What is the major cause of the damage to the corals?

A．The climate change.	B．Lack of money.
C．Over development.	D．Too many tourists.

2. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?

A．The result of the survey.

B．The efforts AIMS has made.

C．The slight chance of the recovery.

D．The terrible situation of the climate.

3. What is Britta Schaffelke's attitude towards the future of the reef?

A．Unclear.	B．Positive.
C．Intolerant.	D．Anxious.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Australia wants to put the reef on the endangered list.

B．The Australian government has ignored UNESCO's demand.

C．Australia hopes to keep a balance between emission target and its economy.

D．The Australian government refuses to take its share of responsibility of climate change.

6 . A thirty-year-old environmental puzzle has finally been solved. Since the 1990s, pieces of plastic telephones that look like Garfield—the lazy cartoon cat—have been ______ up on beaches in France. But for three ______, no one knew where the phones were coming from. On March 22, a group of volunteers from a coastal clean-up organization, along with two journalists finally found out the ______ to their puzzle. They discovered a(n) ______ shipping container and ______ of several Garfield phones inside a rocky sea cave. The cave is hard to find, and can only be ______ when the tide (sea) is low.

Shipping containers are used to move things like food, clothing and other items ______ the sea. Cargo ships ______ hundreds of the huge steel containers from the countries where the goods are made or grown, to the countries where they will be ______. However, ______ knows for sure how the shipping container full of Garfield phones ended up in the ______.

People who live in the area say that the ______ first showed up on beaches ______ a big storm in the early 1990s. The container ______ fell off a ship during the storm, but nobody ever reported that it was ______.

The Garfield phones have become a symbol of the problem of ocean ______ Fabien Boileau is the director of Iroise Marine Natural Park, where the cave with the phones is ______. He said the Garfield phones help people to ______ that plastic trash doesn't ______ in the ocean. Some of the colourful plastic pieces still look almost ______, even though they were washed overboard more than 30 years ago.

1.

A．built

B．washed

C．given

D．blown

2.

A．decades

B．years

C．centuries

D．months

3.

A．theory

B．evidence

C．belief

D．answer

4.

A．ordinary

B．emptied

C．strange

D．broken

5.

A．pictures

B．films

C．calls

D．parts

6.

A．reached

B．founded

C．protected

D．used

7.

A．by

B．on

C．across

D．around

8.

A．provide

B．carry

C．possess

D．include

9.

A．stored

B．exported

C．sold

D．destroyed

10.

A．everybody

B．the group

C．the organization

D．nobody

11.

A．country

B．sea

C．cave

D．ship

12.

A．phones

B．cats

C．bodies

D．wastes

13.

A．before

B．after

C．until

D．despite

14.

A．immediately

B．probably

C．secretly

D．eventually

15.

A．stolen

B．hidden

C．missing

D．sinking

16.

A．voyage

B．exploration

C．protection

D．pollution

17.

A．located

B．watched

C．separated

D．repaired

18.

A．explain

B．observe

C．understand

D．conclude

19.

A．break down

B．die down

C．go down

D．slow down

20.

A．normal

B．new

C．real

D．cool

7 . In Copenhagen, an 8-year dream was realized when the first paid skiers took their runs down a one-third-mile course (路线)．They skied on what is possibly the greenest power factory in the world．The factory is so clean and safe that designers were able to turn its buildings into a new center for social life．

The waste-to-power factory itself opened in 2017 under the name Amager Bakke．Bjarke Ingels is the architect whose company came up with the idea eight years ago of designing a power plant building that would join mountain sports into its very nature．

“It is the cleanest waste-to-energy power plant in the world．It is not only better for the environment, it is also more enjoyable for the lives of its citizens.” Ingels says 97% of city people get their heating as a by-product of energy production．It comes from a system where the electricity, heating, and waste disposal (处理) are mixed into a single process．He dreams that it is also becoming an example that others can look to and say, “If Copenhagen can do it why can' t we?"

There are no hills in this island city, but now people can ski locally, while enjoying the best views ever seen of the harbor．Another thing missing here is snow cover throughout the winter, so designers set up a kind of special "plastic grass" that provides the perfect friction (摩擦力) for downhill winter sports．

In a country where 600, 000 skiers always had to travel to practice sking,   to be able to finally ski in their backyard-and, all year round - is, as one skier said, “AMAZING．”

The company hopes to see 300, 000 visitors enjoying the experience of Copen hill each year,   with the ski slope costing $ 22 an hour or just $ 366 for a full season pass．Meanwhile, the city is one step closer to its final goal of becoming the world's first carbon-neutral city by 2025．We think it might be all “down hill” from here．

1. How does the power factory produce electricity?

A．By using oil．

B．By using coal．

C．By using wind．

D．By using waste．

2. What' s Ingels' dream according to the passage?

A．To make more tall buildings in different big cities．

B．To help more skiers to ski in high mountains．

C．There will be more green power factories in the world．

D．More and more people will ski in the power factory．

3. Where do the skiers ski in the power factory?

A．On man-made snow．	B．On man-made ice．
C．On plastic grass．	D．On real sand．

4. The underlined part “it might be all 'downhill' from here" means that________.

A．they will soon reach their final goal	B．they will soon draw many visitors
C．they will produce more electricity	D．they have difficulties reaching the goal

8 . As a child, Rob Stewart loved the natural world. “He loved everything in the sea, but sharks the most,” said his mother, Sandy Stewart.

Stewart spent his life studying and photographing sharks and other sea creatures, and creating films. Sadly, he died in 2017 at the age of 37 in a diving accident. The accident happened while Stewart was filming Sharkwater Extinction, which members of his crew completed after his death.

Knowing that about 25% of shark species were endangered and sharks might soon be extinct, Stewart worked hard to raise awareness of sharks and their key role in nature. Stewart believed that they should be protected against humans and other enemies. He studied how illegally shark finning has led to a great fall in the shark population.

When Stewart found out about the finning, he tried to end it. As an experienced diver and skilled cinematographer, he was able to raise awareness of the problem by filming sharks in their natural environment. His films, said Sandy Stewart, showed people “how beautiful the underwater creatures are. People would fall in love with them and work to protect them.”

As of 2013, 55 countries had banned shark finning. Stewart lived and died a hero in the pursuit of saving sharks and the sea. He is believed to have saved one-third of the world’s sharks.

Stewart’s parents hope kids will continue his story by supporting shark-friendly actions. They encourage kids to buy or ask their parents to buy shark-free products.

Another thing that young people can do is learn more about sharks. A good place to start is 2 “Shark Database,” an online resource that was created by Rob Stewart’s friends.

“It’s your generation that we want to make sure sees the world that Rob saw and does whatever you can to protect the big fish,” said Stewart’s father. “One person can make a big difference.”

1. What do we know about Rob Stewart?

A．He died because of a shark attack.	B．He was interested in sea animals.
C．He led a research team studying the sea.	D．He made Sharkwater Extinction in 2017.

2. What did Rob Stewart do to end illegal shark finning?

A．He made films showing sharks living naturally.

B．He encouraged people to buy shark-free products.

C．He wrote to the government asking for a ban on shark finning.

D．He collected information to show the influence of ilegal shark finning.

3. How may Rob Stewart’s action to save sharks be described?

A．Creative.

B．Successful.

C．Fruitless.

D．Unwelcome.

4. In “the world that Rob saw”,                  .

A．little action was taken to protect sharks

B．less than 50 countries banned shark finning

C．about a quarter of shark species were in danger

D．human behavior was the main cause of shark extinction

9 . Sophie, 13, won the 2019 New Zealand’s “Think kind” competition for student. “I_________ a beach clean-up, because it really_________ me that marine(海洋的) life is hurt by thoughtless decisions of humans.”

Sophie saw_________ on the sea floor while snorkeling(徒手潜泳). “It was the first time I’d seen marine life _________ among plastics.”

It was the trigger of her act. “We weren’t taking enough_________. Everyone needs to do their_________, otherwise we’re going to_________our planet.”

Sophie turned to media to get her_________out and ask for volunteers at the clean-up. To her surprise, more than 200 people turned up. 200 kilograms of rubbish were_________ that day. “It was horrible. We knew rubbish was there but we didn’t realize how__________ until we started collecting.”

Once ecological(生态的)__________had hit Sophie, it hit hard. On her l4th birthday, she decided to celebrate differently.__________ holding a party creating waste, she decided to__________ it. On her “party,” Sophie and her friends__________ to pick up the rubbish that__________ along the river bank near the town.

“If there is one thing everyone could do, it is to ‘__________ after yourself’,” says Sophie. “It’s hard for some families to__________plastic alternatives, but just not buying things wrapped in plastic will help.” She suggests using__________ materials like metal straws. “When there are more__________on the market, it will be__________for individuals to make a change.”

1.

A．improved

B．held

C．planned

D．supported

2.

A．interests

B．impresses

C．puzzles

D．bothers

3.

A．rocks

B．creatures

C．garbage

D．plants

4.

A．increasing

B．living

C．dying

D．eating

5.

A．advice

B．time

C．patience

D．action

6.

A．favour

B．part

C．work

D．role

7.

A．adjust to

B．devote to

C．let down

D．put down

8.

A．message

B．stories

C．concept

D．approaches

9.

A．recycled

B．buried

C．sold

D．collected

10.

A．smelly

B．tough

C．much

D．far

11.

A．awareness

B．disaster

C．imbalance

D．development

12.

A．In spite of

B．For the sake of

C．Instead of

D．Because of

13.

A．store

B．make

C．sort

D．reduce

14.

A．managed

B．expected

C．continued

D．claimed

15.

A．wanders

B．runs

C．disappears

D．accumulates

16.

A．pick up

B．set up

C．turn up

D．back up

17.

A．avoid

B．afford

C．select

D．protect

18.

A．reusable

B．advanced

C．valueless

D．inexpensive

19.

A．inventions

B．sellers

C．options

D．creations

20.

A．better

B．easier

C．happier

D．longer