增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Since last year, the haze (霜)weather had happened many times in my hometown, when it has done great harm to our life. What’s worse, many people have to see the doctor due with serious diseases caused by the haze.
People have realized the harm effects on their health and the importance of protect the environment. Measures have taken to reduce the haze. The government suggests each citizen goes to work by public transport.
As for me, I go to school by bike and on foot every day. Besides, I will tell the others to protect the environment, too. Now, it’s time for each of us to contribute to the environmental protection, doesn’t it?
2 . Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature. It’s a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening, people “ go dark”.
It’s true that turning off lights for one hour saves only a small amount of power.
The logo (标识) of Earth Hour is “60+”. The number 60 is for the 60 minutes of Earth Hour.
| A．However, this is only the beginning. |
| B．Earth Hour means every hour of every day. |
| C．Everyone has to be responsible for what they have done. |
| D．Apart from turning off the lights, people take part in other events. |
| E．That is, they turn off unnecessary lights at the same time for one hour. |
| F．It pushes them to take immediate measures by making necessary changes. |
| G．The plus invites people to continue their action even after Earth Hour is over. |
3 . Raising a baby takes a lot of work, especially when that baby is a king penguin. Now, it looks like climate change will make life even harder for these birds. A new study suggests that warmer waters could make their numbers decrease.
Most king penguins live on the Crozet Archipelago, about 1, 000 miles north of Antarctica. After the penguin chicks are born in November, which is summer in the Southern Hemisphere, both parents spend 4 months collecting fish to feed their babies. When the fish move to deeper waters in March, the adults leave their chicks alone for months and swim hundreds of miles south. There, near the Antarctic ice, they spend the winter eating seafood to add to their own energy stores. In October, the parents return to their home.
Scientists from France have been studying king penguins for more than a decade. Starting in 2008, Yvon Le Maho and his partners put electronic(电子的) ID cards under the skin of hundreds of penguins. These are the same type of cards you might put in your dogs or cats so that you can track them. The cards have allowed researchers to get everything about penguins, such as how long they live, whether they return from their winter trips, and if their babies manage to survive the winter.
Ocean surface temperatures vary from year to year. To see whether water temperatures affect the penguins, Le Maho compared his data with temperature records. Previous research had shown that fewer fish and other creatures grew when the water was warmer. Le Maho suspected(怀疑) that this drop would make it harder for adult penguins to survive the hard times ahead. Indeed, his results showed that fewer adults survived during winters when the water was especially warm.
King penguins can live for up to 30 years. And for now, the population still appears healthy. But a warming trend(趋势) could spell big trouble for a bird that depends on cold and ice.
1. When do adult penguins most probably stay with their babies?| A．In April. | B．In July. | C．In August. | D．In December. |
| A．King penguins. | B．Your dogs or cats. |
| C．Electronic ID cards. | D．Scientists from France. |
| A．Harmful. | B．Unimportant. | C．Helpful. | D．Unknown. |
| A．To introduce penguins' daily life. |
| B．To call on the protection of baby penguins. |
| C．To present a study of penguins' raising babies. |
| D．To warn us about the climate change affecting penguins. |
4 . Climate change is known to negatively affect agriculture and livestock, but there has been little scientific knowledge on which regions of the planet would be touched or what the biggest risks may be. New research led by Aalto University assesses just how global food production will be affected if greenhouse gas emissions are left uncut.
The researchers assessed how climate change would affect 27 of the most important food crops and seven different livestock, accounting for societies' varying capacities to adapt to changes. The results show that threats affect countries and continents in different ways; in 52 of the 177 countries studied, the entire food production would remain in the safe climatic space in the future. These include Finland and most other European countries.
Already vulnerable countries such as Benin, Cambodia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana and Suriname will be hit hard if no changes are made; up to 95 percent of current food production would fall outside of safe climatic space. Alarmingly, these nations also have significantly less capacity to adapt to changes brought on by climate change when compared to rich western countries. In all, 20% of the world's crop production and 18% of livestock production under threat are located in countries with low capacities to adapt to changes.
“If we let emissions grow, the increase in desert areas is especially troubling because in these conditions barely anything can grow without irrigation. By the end of this century, we could see more than 4 million square kilometres of new desert around the globe,” Matti Kummu, professor of global water and food issues at Aalto University says. “We need to lighten climate change and, at the same time, improve our food systems and societies' capacities to adapt to changes—we cannot leave the vulnerable behind. Food production must be sustainable.”
1. How does the author show the effect of climate change on the food production in paragraph 2?| A．By raising questions. | B．By stating arguments. |
| C．By analyzing research data. | D．By making comparisons. |
| A．The measures to be taken. | B．The threat to the vulnerable countries. |
| C．The assistance of rich countries. | D．The damage to crop production. |
| A．He feels very desperate. | B．He cares more about others. |
| C．He was in charge of the study. | D．He is worried about the vulnerable. |
| A．Environment. | B．Technology. | C．Culture. | D．Politics. |
5 . The World Health Organization says that about 2. 2 billion people in the world still have trouble every day getting fresh drinking water especially in some countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Now, the GivePower Foundation has developed what could be a solution to this problem. Since August 2018, the organization has been running a solar-powered desalination plant（太阳能海水淡化厂）in Kenya. The Solar Water Farm brings clean, drinkable water to about 35, 000 people every day.
GivePower says that its project is able to provide 20 years of access to clean water at a cost of only $ 20 per person—bringing not only huge health benefits to the people of the area, but breathing life into poor local economies（经济）.
Before setting up the plant, people in the area often had to travel for over an hour just to get clean water for themselves and their families. Most of the time, they had to bathe in dirty water, which led to countless health problems, including deadly diseases and waterborne illnesses.
The world faces an increasing danger of "water wars" because of increasing world temperatures and population growth as well as the inequitable distribution（不公平分配）of world resources. Hayes Barnard, the president of GivePower, hopes that the Solar Water Farm can help lead to a solution for the 844 million people around the world who simply have little access to clean drinking water—and especially those 300,000 children who die every year due to waterborne diseases. The organization has already given over 2,650 solar-powered energy systems to medical clinics, villages, and schools in 17 countries, and they are also now researching four additional places where they can set up new solar water farms.
1. What can we learn about the Solar Water Farm?| A．It benefits about 844 million people. |
| B．It started to work about five years ago. |
| C．It is costly but lasts as long as 20 years. |
| D．It was set up by the GivePower Foundation. |
| A．Why the Solar Water Farm was set up. |
| B．How the Solar Water Farm helped people. |
| C．What people did to deal with water problems. |
| D．How people's life was affected by water problems. |
| A．Solar power will be used in more fields. |
| B．GivePower will save more people's lives. |
| C．Solar-powered desalination plants will help to stop "water wars" |
| D．GivePower's projects will spread to countries other than Kenya. |
| A．By listing facts. |
| B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By presenting a problem and then offering a solution. |
| D．By showing the effect and then explaining the causes. |
6 . The permafrost (永久冻土) is melting fast... that’s bad news, because these frozen soils store billions of tons of carbon dioxide, just waiting to be released. So is there a way to save the permafrost? One team of researchers thinks it may have found a possible solution: big animals and herbivores (食草动物).
Back 1996, researchers started an experiment called Pleistocene Park. They fenced about eight square miles of land in northeast Siberia. And then they introduced different types herbivores: horses, sheep and other large creatures. Since then, scientists have studied these animals effects on the ecosystem. One outcome is that these large herbivores help keep the ground very cold-cooler than it would otherwise be.
“The snow in winter is important to soil temperature, because it acts as an insulating layer (隔绝层). So the air in winter, at the high altitudes, is much colder than the soil,” Philipp Porada, ecologist at the University of Hamburg said. So the idea of this experiment was to introduce large herbivores to quantify their effects on soil temperature and see if they can actually protect permafrost soils against melting. And this works because the animals’ trampling (踩踏) leads to less insulation of the soil against cold air temperatures and results in a cooling effect.
Porada and his colleagues realized the significance of this effect, so they pulled data from Pleistocene Park to model what effect herbivores could have on permafrost if they lived in large numbers in the Arctic.
Porada said, “These herbivores in the model reduce soil temperature greatly, by 1.7 grees on average. And this leads a preservation of around 80 percent of today s permafrost area. And without the herbivore effect in the model, we found that only 50 percent of the permafrost area would remain by the year 2100.”
1. What will the permafrost’s melting result in?| A．The decrease air. | B．The cooling effect. |
| C．The rise the surrounding temperature. | D．The increase in herbivores. |
| A．They can make more insulating layers. |
| B．They can protect the snow on the ground. |
| C．They make the ground release lots of carbon. |
| D．They make cold air reach the soil more easily. |
| A．It remains to be checked. | B．It’s unreasonable. |
| C．It’s significant. | D．It has been used widely. |
| A．The herbivores could lead to the preservation of permafrost. |
| B．The herbivores would help find more permafrost areas. |
| C．The temperature would increase greatly in the future. |
| D．Only half of the permafrost would remain by the year 2100. |
7 . Mattel is launching a new line of Barbies made from plastic that would otherwise become ocean waste. The "Barbie Loves the Ocean” collection, which has a summer theme, comes with three dolls （each $ 10） and a beach cabin play set （ $ 20）,. As part of Barbie's vlog （视频博客） series on YouTube, Mattel will pair the dolls' release with a new video called "Barbie Shares How We can All Protect the Planet.
The new Barbie line is Mattel's latest move in reaching its sustainability （可持续性）goals. The 76 - year - old toy company previously pledged to using 100% recycled, recyclable or bio - based plastic materials across all of its products and packaging by 2030. 4<To truly show the next generation they can be anything, we must-do our part in protecting the planet, reducing our environmental impact, and promoting sustainable everyday behaviors," Lisa McKnight, vice president at Mattel, told CNN Business.
Earlier, the toy company announced that it was launching a program called "Mattel Play- back", which encourages consumers to send Mattel their old toys, and the company can reuse the materials for future Mattel products. The program kicked off with Barbie and two other Mattel brands - Matchbox and MEGA toys - and brands will be added to the program going forward.
Mattel isn't alone in its eco -efforts, as many large toy companies are trying to become more eco - friendly after decades of relying on environmentally destructive plastic in their products and packaging. Finding alternatives to plastic is crucial to deal with climate change , and adopting “eco - friendly" marketing and products is important for companies as consumers are increasingly conscious about how their choices affect the planet.
1. What can we know about the new Barbie products from paragraph 1?| A．They will be sold on YouTube. | B．They will be released in summer. |
| C．They are cheaper than previous products. | D．They are made from ocean - bound plastic. |
| A．Committed. | B．Adapted. | C．Objected. | D．Turned. |
| A．To reach their sales target. | B．To develop more new brands. |
| C．To reduce production costs. | D．To recycle plastic materials. |
| A．The reason for toy companies to be eco - friendly. |
| B．The way of toy companies' dealing with climate change. |
| C．The environmental impact of plastic products. |
| D．The attitude of consumers towards plastic products. |
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Let’s Protect the Environment Together!
Dear boys and girls,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9 . Italy's fashion capital is gray — not only because of the blocks of stone buildings，but also due to its often-gray sky, which traps pollution. But Milan now wants to change it.
The city has an ambitious plan to plant 3 million new trees by 2030 - a move that experts say could offer relief from the city's hot weather. Some projects have already contributed to environmental improvements. Architect Stefano Boeri’s Vertical Forest residential (居民的) tower, completed in 2014, aims to improve not only air quality but the quality of life for Milan residents. Boeri created a small island of greenery in the heart of Milan, filling every balcony with plants that absorb carbon dioxide.
“I think forestation is one of the best chances that we have today. It is one of the most effective ways we have to fight climate change, because everyone can plant trees, Boeri said.
Damiano Di Simine, a member of the environmental group Legambiente , said the green Milan project will lower temperatures in a city where the nighttime temperature can be 6 degrees Celsius higher than in the surrounding area. City show that Milan experiences 35 hot nights a year. Because the city lies close to the Alps, Milin gets very little wind to lower the city's temperatures. "Planting trees will help this," Di said.
The Vertical Forest has attracted more than 20 species of birds. And the shade provided by the 800 trees and 15,000 plants means that residents rarely have to put on air conditioning, even in hot summers. The Vertical Forest's total greenery- can absorb 30 metric tons of carbon dioxide every year. The presence of green trees has a very important effect on people's health and psychological state, as has already been proved.
1. What change does Milan plan to make?| A．Planting more trees. |
| B．Creating a new fashion style. |
| C．Pulling down more gray stone buildings. |
| D．Doing more surveys to study global wanning. |
| A．It costs a lot. |
| B．It is unpractical. |
| C．It fails to attract people's attention. |
| D．It is helpful to fight against climate change. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Supportive. |
| C．Disappointed. | D．Unconcerned. |
| A．Specifics of the city's plan. |
| B．Challenges faced by the city. |
| C．The aim of the Vertical Forest project. |
| D．The positive effect of the Vertical Forest project. |
10 . Ways to Fight Microplastics at Home
Our consumption of microplastics is shocking-from 39,000 to 52,000 particles each year per person.
Choose natural fabrics (织物). Many of the fabrics we use every day are made from plastic. In 2016, 65 million tons of plastic went into making fabrics around the world. Tiny bits of plastic fall off these fabrics during production, wearing, washing, and disposal.
Clean up your clothes. It may be tough to remove all microplastic fibers from your clothing. Plus, a single load of washed and dried clothing can release a million microplastic particles into the water supply. Still, all hope is not lost. You can remove microplastics by fixing a filter (过滤器) in your washing machine and air-drying your clothes.
Stop microwaving plastic containers.
| A．Stay away from single-use plastics. |
| B．Much of that plastic goes into waterways. |
| C．It's not clear how they affect the human body. |
| D．Avoid drinking from disposable plastic bottles. |
| E．Buy your tea loose and use an old-fashion tea cup . |
| F．There are plenty of other ways to “green" your laundry routine. |
| G．The warmer a plastic container is, the more plastic it is likely to drop. |
