1 . It may come as a surprise that the fashion industry is one of the most polluting industries in the world, especially when it comes to carbon emissions and water usage.     1     Clothing production releases 10% of worldwide carbon emissions. Although cotton is often offered as a more sustainable material, one cotton shirt requires 2, 700 liters of water to make, which is enough for one person to drink eight cups per day for 2.5 years.

    2     However, it’s undeniable that sustainable companies like Reformation and Organic Basics are out of most people’s price ranges. Fast-fashion clothing companies have the advantage of low prices, and when it comes down to it, most people will choose low prices over sustainability. So, how can people buy sustainable clothing when it’s not affordable?    3    

Actually, there are other ways to practice sustainable habits. Of course, the best way to limit waste is to not buy any new clothes. For example, saving up to buy more sustainable clothes and then wearing them for many years is healthier for the environment and your wallet.     4     Then you can combine them with your statement pieces to get a variety of new outfits that still feel stylish and don’t generate waste. Certainly, buying second-hand clothing is also a great option.

With ever-changing fashion trends moving at breakneck speed, consumers are easily persuaded into buying latest designs to stay stylish and sustainable.     5     Honestly, it’s unnecessary. Wearing what makes you feel confident will make you look good, and the earth will thank you for your efforts.

A．The reality is frightening.

B．However, trend is hard to keep up.

C．They have no choice but to follow suit.

D．They can’t, and moreover, they don’t have to.

E．A similar resolution is to own some basic pieces.

F．Sustainable fashion has been on the rise in recent years.

G．Industrial development is pursued at the price of pollution.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Rising sea levels are threatening coastlines in China, for example in     1     (city) such as Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou. If sea levels rise by one meter, more than 92,000 square kilometers of China’s coast could be flooded. This could potentially force 67 million people     2     (move) away. Almost two-thirds of the ice in Asia’s glaciers (冰川) could disappear if average global temperature rises beyond 1.5℃ by the end of the century. If that happens, the impacts     3     China will be felt in multiple areas, from water availability, to agriculture, and to biodiversity.

The good news is     4     China is becoming a global leader on climate action. For example, over the last five years, China     5     (use) more solar and wind energy than any other country in the world. China is also the largest clean energy investor in the world —     6     (spend) some $130 billion in new energy in recent years.

The development of electric vehicles is particularly     7     (inspire) in China. More than 50 percent of electric vehicles in the world     8     (sell) in China every year. And China is now a world leader in the     9     (promote) of clean energy technologies.

Ecological civilization has become the cornerstone (基石) of China’s long-term development strategy, much like climate action is     10     important part of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

7 . Two thirds of the ice in the glaciers (冰川) of the Alps is doomed! These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, according to a recent study.

Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4,000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions. After that, even if carbon emissions drop to zero, two-thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100. If emissions continue to rise at the current rate, the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century. The most pessimistic prediction tells us that the Alps will be mostly ice-free by 2100. Only isolated ice patches would remain at high altitudes, representing five per cent, at most, of the ice volume seen today.

The researchers warn that the loss of these glaciers will mean much less water is available for farming and hydroelectricity, especially during droughts. It would also affect nature and tourism.

In February, a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia’s towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons. This will lead to serious consequences for almost two billion people who live downstream. Glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalayan range are at higher, colder altitudes. If global carbon emissions are not cut, however, two-thirds of their ice could be gone by 2100.

The latest research combined computer models with real-world data to forecast the fate of the glaciers. It used 2017 as its starting point. Unlike previous work, these models included how the glaciers move down the mountains. Applying this approach to other glaciated mountain chains could improve ice loss forecasts there.

Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning, deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice. The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk, but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance.

1. What does the underlined word “doomed” mean in paragraph 1?

A．Polluted.

B．Discovered.

C．Endangered.

D．Abandoned.

2. What can we infer from paragraph 2?

A．Emissions have much to do with the ice melting.

B．The Alps is expected to lose all its ice by 2100.

C．Ice loss will be avoided with emissions prevented.

D．Large ice pieces will just exist at the mountain top.

3. Why are the Asia’s ice fields mentioned in paragraph 4?

A．To explain how glacier melting came about.

B．To imply pollution is a worldwide problem.

C．To show what consequences ice melting will cause.

D．To indicate the Alps is not alone to face ice melting.

4. What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of glaciers?

A．Objective.

B．Optimistic.

C．Critical.

D．Doubtful.

8 . Sprite has been recognized for decades by its green cans and bottles, but it is retiring its green plastic bottles after more than 60 years.

Starting Aug. 1, the Coca-Cola Co., which produces Sprite, will package the lemon-lime drink in clear plastic bottles in North America, the company announced Wednesday. Sprite’s current plastic contains green polyethylene terephthalate(PET)(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯), an additive(添加剂) that can’t be recycled into new bottles, a key choice for the company as it looks to reduce plastic waste.

“When recycled, clear PET Sprite bottles can be remade into bottles, helping drive a circular economy for plastic.” Julian Ochoa, CEO of R3CYCLE, a plastic group helping Coca-Cola improve its recycling, said in a statement.

Customers will also notice a revised logo and packaging design on the Sprite bottles that aims to provide a more “consistent look around the world,” the company said. The well-known green color will still be used on Sprite labels. Other beverages that use green bottles in Coke’s portfolio(系列产品), including Fresca. Seagram’s and Mello Yello, will also be replaced with clear containers in the coming months.

Coca-Cola reported higher-than-expected second-quarter earnings Tuesday, citing strong demand, and lifted its revenue forecast for the full year.

The beverage giant has often been criticized for contributing to environmentally damaging plastic waste. In 2020, the company was named as the world’s No. 1 plastic polluter by the environmental firm Break Free From Plastic. Its logos and branding were found on 13, 834 pieces of discarded plastic in 51 countries, often in public spaces such as parks and beaches.

1. Why will the Coca-Cola Co. stop using green Sprite bottles?

A．They think the old design is out of date.

B．They want to cut down the production cost.

C．Customers prefer clear bottles to green bottles.

D．They want to help drive a circular economy for plastic.

2. Compared with the old Sprite bottles, what is the feature of the new ones?

A．They have not any plastic.	B．They have a consistent look.
C．They have not green color at all.	D．They have quite a different design.

3. According to the passage, what is the problem with Sprite bottles?

A．Not the design, but the logo of the Sprite.

B．Not the material, but the design of the bottles.

C．Not the color, but the material: single-use plastic.

D．Not the recycling, but using as much plastic as possible.

4. What can be inferred from this passage?

A．The Coca-Cola attaches importance to profits.

B．The Coca-Cola lays the needs of customers first.

C．The Coca-Cola values environmental protection most.

D．The Coca-Cola likes the fame of the world’s No. 1 plastic polluter.

10 . There is a kind of climate pollution that we can’t see clearly. It isn’t in our rivers, lands or skies, it is in our minds. When climate disinformation goes unchecked, it spreads like wildfire, undermining the existence of climate change and the need for urgent action.

Like the biosphere that sustains us, the health of our information ecosystems is vital to our survival. As an artist, I feel a responsibility to create new ways of seeing the disinformation that has come to define the age of fake news.

Social media sites are honed to grab our attention. Using sophisticated algorithms, the corporations behind them decide what billions of people see around the world, dictated by what keeps you hooked, but also by what the companies paying social media sites choose to put in front of you.

Powerful corporate actors deploy clever influence campaigns via ads targeted at specific users based on what social media firms know about those people. Major oil and gas companies have spent billions of dollars over the years persuading consumers about their green proofs, when only 1 per cent of their expenditure in 2019 was on renewable energy. This is known as corporate greenwashing. Still, fossil fuel firms maintain that their climate policies are “responsible” and “in line with the science”.

To expose the scale of corporate greenwashing online, I was part of a team that recently launched Eco-Bot.Net. Co-created with artist Rob “3D” Del Naja of the band Massive Attack and Dale Vince, a green entrepreneur, Eco-Bot. Net’s AI-powered website ran throughout the COP26 climate summit, exposing climate change misinformation by releasing a series of data drops for heavily polluting sectors, including energy, agribusiness and aviation.

Academic definitions of climate disinformation and greenwashing were used to unearth posts across Facebook, Instagram and Twitter and visualize them on our website. Eco-Bot.Net then flagged greenwashing ads and posts on the original social media site with a public health warning.

By digging into our data, journalists have already revealed that companies are targeting specific demographics in order to influence public perceptions about climate change – and even alter government policy.

One data drop focused on the 100 biggest fossil fuel producers, companies that have been the source of 71 per cent of global carbon emissions. It found that 16 of these companies ran 1705 greenwashing and climate misinformation ads globally on Facebook and Instagram this year. In total, they spent more than £4 million creating influence campaigns that generated up to 155 million impressions.

Social media companies could end most of the harms from climate disinformation on their platforms if they wanted to. Flagging systems were swiftly introduced to warn users of posts containing disinformation about covid-19. The scientific consensus on human-caused global warming has been resolute for decades, so why can’t a similar flagging system be implemented for related disinformation?

It is true that Twitter and Facebook have both introduced climate science information hubs, but these are little more than PR exercises that fail to directly tackle climate disinformation on any kind of scale.

This epidemic of climate change disinformation on social media is eroding collective ideas of truth. In this post-truth age of disinformation, we hope that the public, the press and policy-makers will be able to use our data findings to see what is hidden by what we see online.

For the first time, we can witness the regional scale of corporate greenwashing. The era of climate denial and delay is largely over — except, as Eco-Bot.Net has revealed, on social media.

1. What does the word “undermine” in the first paragraph mean in the passage?

A．Dig holes in the ground.	B．Make sth weaker at the base.
C．Increase or further improve.	D．Put a stop to sth.

2. The author used the case of major oil and gas companies in Paragraph Four in order to ________.

A．give the readers a precise definition of corporate greenwashing

B．show the dishonest claim by fossil fuel companies on their responsible climate policies

C．demonstrate the huge investment the corporations made to exert powerful influence on the targeted social media users based on algorithm

D．emphasize the tens of millions of dollars spent on renewable energy

3. Which of the following industry contributes most to climate change?

A．energy

B．agribusiness

C．aviation

D．social media

4. What is the author’s opinion of social media?

A．They are willing to help but feel powerless to do so.

B．They have the ability to make a change but refuse to do so as there are controversies over climate changes.

C．They have the ability to make a change and have made some sincere but fruitless efforts on it.

D．They lose their integrity in face of the money from the big corporations.