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1. 词数 80 词左右；
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Dear Alan,
I’m excited to tell you about the campus activities to celebrate the second National Ecology Day on August 15, 2024.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Best regards,
Li Hua
2 . Early one morning, servers at an Egyptian restaurant began their usual preparations for the day. They laid out rows of desserts. But the offerings weren’t for customers. Instead, within an hour, staff from an organization called Tekeya had arrived to take away 135 portions of perfectly eatable dishes. The desserts — made a day earlier — weren’t considered fresh enough to eat.
Throughout Egypt, which boasts a rich culinary (烹饪的) history, such views aren’t uncommon. Now, though, with a global reflection on the food chain and its role in the climate crisis, attitudes in Egypt are slowly changing.
The restaurant is one of around a dozen across the Egyptian capital that Tekey’s staff visits each day in a quest to stop fit-for-consumption food from being dumped. Restaurants pay a small annual fee that allows them to alert Tekeya’s staff whenever they have unsold food. Personal users of Tekeya’s app can then buy that food at half price, or either the restaurants or the users can request Tekeya to deliver the food to a food bank or charity of their choosing. In total, up to 40 plates are saved from going to the trash each day.
“I’ve seen several platforms helping fight food waste across Europe. It’s uplifting to find one that does the same here in Egypt, ” says the manager, who has been using the app for three years.
In 2019, Menna Shahin had an idea particularly inspired by a festival, which brings about both celebration and waste. “I would put so much thought into how to deal with food responsibly without harming the environment, and how to minimize my excess (过度的) usage,” Ms. Shahin says. “I thought to myself, why not assist everyone to deal with their excess food wisely?”
Ms. Shahin ended up co-founding Tekeya along with her husband, Max Hartzen. By Tekeya’s second year, some 10, 000 discounted meals were ordered during one month, with users choosing to donate roughly a quarter of those to charities.
1. Why were the desserts in paragraph 1 not for customers?| A．They were sold out. | B．They were not eatable. |
| C．They had gone sour. | D．They were not fresh enough. |
| A．Thrown away. | B．Kept up. | C．Squeezed out. | D．Tracked down. |
| A．How a festival is celebrated. | B．How waste comes about. |
| C．How Tekeya is originated. | D．How food is dealt with. |
| A．It takes ages to see its effect. | B．It has produced good results. |
| C．It needs to be widely applied. | D．It has received sharp criticism. |
3 . The environment has never been more in need of a helping hand from us. Schools, in particular, are in a great position to educate future generations and make sure that good environmental habits are learned and adopted from an early age. So, ranging from energy efficiency to recycling, here are our tips to make your school more eco-friendly and sustainable.
☆
Sending waste to landfill to slowly rot away isn’t the best use of the world’s resources. Plus, the space available for landfill is rapidly running out. Instead, boost recycling by providing appropriate and appealing facilities with clear signage (标识).
☆Turn off the lights and fit energy-efficient light bulbs
Saving energy used for lighting is one of the easiest things that we can do.
☆Go paperless
☆Reject plastic water bottles
Recent television programs and campaigns have raised the issue of waste plastic towards the top of the environmental agenda. In some ways, this isn’t surprising because, again, it is relatively easy for everyone to make a difference to the environment with minimal effort.
| A．Encourage and enable recycling |
| B．The world is becoming ever more digital |
| C．All it takes is a little bit of planning ahead |
| D．Get everyone involved with clean-up days |
| E．It will also save money on buying traditional materials |
| F．Try to maximize the use of natural light as much as possible |
| G．This is the key to preventing pollution of different waste streams |
4 . Food accounts for one-third of greenhouse gas emissions(排放量), but it does not yet get the attention it deserves. With global meat consumption on the rise, the truth is, we need to break bad habits before they break us. Plant-based nutrition can deal with climate change in many ways.
Did you know that one of the most effective ways to lower your carbon footprint is to eat a plant-based diet? NASA climate scientist Peter Kalmus documented his own personal experiment in low-energy living in Being the Change: Live Well and Spark a Climate Revolution.
He was able to reduce his personal carbon footprint tenfold, from 20 to 2 tons per year, by some lifestyle changes. Kalmus is a vegan(纯素食者), bikes to work, doesn’t fly, is a keen gardener and hangs his clothes out to dry. He also found living mindfully made him feel happier and even halved his food bill. Kalmus says it’s possible for the average person to cut their emissions easily. The average meat-eater in the US emits 3, 000 kg CO2 per year compared to 1, 000kg for vegans.
Another way to deal with climate change is to grow your own food. “Some of the juiciest strawberries that satisfy my taste buds were grown at home last summer in hanging baskets using organic seeds.” Kalmus said. “As well as plenty of nutritious, cheap and delicious foods, growing my own food has allowed me to get to know my neighbors. We share seeds, wisdom, and tasty soup.” Besides, composting(制作堆肥) leftovers and yard waste diverts green matter from landfills that produce the greenhouse gas and instead can help build healthy soil.
Globally, our meat-and dairy-heavy diet uses around half of habitable land on Earth to produce food. Nevertheless, with plant-based diets, we could feed the world with one quarter of the land, allowing us to return vast areas of land to nature.
1. What is the purpose of eating a plant-based diet according to the author?| A．To handle climate change. | B．To reduce living costs. |
| C．To draw public attention. | D．To record carbon footprints. |
| A．It relieves him of mental stress. |
| B．It slightly cuts the carbon footprint. |
| C．It proves impossible for meat-eaters to follow. |
| D．It benefits individuals and the environment. |
| A．develops | B．redirects | C．sends | D．delivers |
| A．Self-grown food turns out to be of higher quality. |
| B．Producing food has taken up half of the land on Earth. |
| C．Growing food helps strengthen neighborhood relations. |
| D．Greenhouse gas emissions have little to do with food consumption. |
5 . OH1, a crow-sized seabird, touched down just off the Maryland coast on April 18, completing a migration from Argentina. Soon, more terns (燕鸥) joined OH1, and nesting season was officially underway.
The common terns had become uncommon in Maryland until conservationists and scientists gave the birds, listed as endangered in the state, an artificial wooden raft (筏子). This is one of the birds’ last toeholds in the state.
Every spring for the last three years, staff at the Maryland Coastal Bays Program (MCBP), have pulled the nesting raft into the water of Chincoteague Bay, a narrow slice of ocean situated between the state’s mainland and a chain of barrier islands. The bay was once rich with the kind of nesting habitat seabirds need: small sandy islands where predators (捕食者) are rare and bushes provide shade to flightless chicks on hot summer days. But over the last century, due to coastal development and sea level rise, those islands have disappeared. And so did the terns. By 2020, there were only 60 nesting pairs left.
Initially intended as a temporary solution, the rafts have not only stopped the common tern’s population decline — they’ve completely reversed it. In 2021, 23 pairs of tern s nested on the platform; in 2022, 155 sets of parents hatched 140 chicks.
Figuring out the formula for the birds’ success has been an ongoing process. Dave Brinker, a regional ecologist, says that observing the birds each year “helps us get more terns on the rafts.”
For example, during the first year the raft contained only some tiny wooden shelves intended to provide shade to the baby birds. But the adult terns used the chick shelters like fence lines, outlining their territory. “A natural habitat will have grass to provide that natural geographic separation,” Brinker says. “So the next year we added plastic grass to break up the visual landscape.”
While the nesting platform has become a life raft for the tern population, it remains a temporary solution. The team hopes ultimately to convince the state to rebuild the lost islands.
1. Why did scientists put the nesting raft into the water of Chincoteague Bay?| A．The weather there is warmer. |
| B．It is the only bay left for seabirds. |
| C．There are visitors waiting to see terns. |
| D．The environment is suitable for terns to produce. |
| A．Recorded. | B．Changed. | C．Ended. | D．Employed. |
| A．To introduce terns’ natural habitat. | B．To explain ecologists’ ongoing work. |
| C．To point out the living habits of terns. | D．To show the construction of rafts. |
| A．Terns in Maryland Are in Danger |
| B．Various Measures Are Taken to Save Seabirds |
| C．Threatened Seabirds Get a Life Raft in Maryland |
| D．Rafts Are Becoming Terns’ Permanent Settlements |
6 . Aviation is a big polluter. Cutting the sector’s impact on global warming is high on the agenda. Although many governments are regulating emissions from cars and trucks, air transportation is technologically rooted in old patterns.
Facing the reality that the sector will keep emitting a lot, ICAO has established an international carbon-trading plan—Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, or CORSIA. This encourages wide use of offsets (抵消) : aviation companies can buy emissions credits or invest in sectors that store carbon, such as forestry, to allow them to carry on as normal. CORSIA aims to keep CO2 emissions at 2019 levels through such purchases for emissions over that year’s baseline. ICAO predicts that increasing demand might reach 1. 7 billion tons by 2035, potentially making aviation the largest offset market in the world.
Yet offsetting faces a fundamental challenge: the size of the offset requires estimating flows of warming pollution that would have occurred if the carbon-removal project hadn’t existed, and comparing them against flows with the project in place. The former — a baseline that is unobservable — is a hotbed for shady accounting.
The vast majority of offsets today and in the expected future come from forest-protection and regrowth projects. The track record of reliable accounting in these industries is poor, because they lack convincing baselines. Even with oversight, forest projects are often troubled by wild assumptions, for example that trees would disappear completely from these areas in the absence of those projects, even when there are other forest protections in place. Such assumptions drive up baselines and flood the market with huge volumes of offsets. They make it easier for accountants to claim a net reduction in emissions even though the atmosphere sees little or no benefit. These problems are essentially unfixable. Evidence is mounting that offsetting as a strategy for reaching net zero is a dead end.
In our view, this approach could prove dangerously narrow. Removing aviation’s impact on global warming means upending the industry. The longer that reality is overlooked, the harder it will be to find effective solutions.
1. What does aviation refer to in the passage?| A．A project which needs revising. | B．A resource which needs trading. |
| C．A market which needs expanding. | D．An industry which needs reforming. |
| A．To support the development of forestry. | B．To earn the largest profit in offset market. |
| C．To keep the levels of emission unchanged. | D．To make up for emissions over the baseline. |
| A．Too many offsets are filling the market now. |
| B．Some projects may cheat to create more offsets. |
| C．Offsetting contributes a lot to reducing emissions. |
| D．Trees would totally disappear without the projects. |
| A．Disapproving. | B．Confused. | C．Favorable. | D．Unconcerned. |
7 . The first commercial airliner to cross the Atlantic on a purely high-fat, low-emissions fuel flew Tuesday from London to New York in a step toward achieving what supporters called “jet zero”.
The Virgin Atlantic Boeing 787 flight was powered without using fossil fuels, relying on so-called sustainable aviation (航空) fuel made up largely of tallow (动物油脂) and other waste fats and plant sugars. “The world will always assume something can’t be done, until you do it.” said Virgin founder Richard Branson, who was aboard the flight with government officials, engineers and journalists.
The UK Transport Department, which provided 1 million pounds to plan and operate the flight, called the test a “huge step towards j et zero” to make air travel more environmentally friendly, though large challenges remain in making the fuel widely available.
Sustainable aviation fuel, which reduces greenhouse gas emissions by about 70%, is the best near-term way for the international aviation industry to achieve its net zero target by 2050, the US Energy Department said.
Holly Boyd-Boland, president of corporate development at Virgin Atlantic, said the flight shows the fuel can power existing aircraft but said the challenge is enlarging production to get to enough volume so that they are using more sustainable aviation fuel every day.
While this is the first jetliner to make the trans-Atlantic journey using only the sustainable fuel, it is not a commercial flight and not the first jet to do so. Gulfstream Aerospace was the first to make the crossing earlier this month with a business jet powered only by the eco-fuel. Air France-KLM flew from Paris to Montreal two years ago using a mix of petroleum-based jet fuel and a synthetic (合成物) made from waste cooking oils.
“This flight somehow gets us closer to guilt-free flying. Sustainable aviation fuel represents around 0.1% of aviation fuel globally and will be very hard to expand sustainably, but the flight is a valuable try,” said policy director Cait Hewitt.
1. What can we infer from paragraph 2?| A．The Boeing 787 has a special structure. |
| B．Greener fuel has become a reality in a way. |
| C．Airlines should put waste fats to good use. |
| D．Fossil fuels will be replaced in the near future. |
| A．It runs into technical difficulties. |
| B．It is unsuitable for commercial flights. |
| C．It is unable to gain the public recognition. |
| D．It fails to power existing planes constantly. |
| A．They follow in Virgin Atlantic’s footsteps. |
| B．They take advantage of waste cooking oils. |
| C．They develop sustainable fuel products actively. |
| D．They are attempting to create eco-friendly aviation. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Doubtful. | C．Indifferent. | D．Concerned. |
8 . Around 50 million acres of forests in Russia were almost swallowed up by enormous fires two years ago, the country’s worst fire season on record. Now, researchers are more aware of just how significant the north forest fires were in terms of emissions. The fires produced more planet-heating carbon dioxide than any other extreme fire event that has occurred since the turn of the 21st century, according to a study.
North forests grow where it is very cold. The trees that live in this type of forest grow slowly and store carbon in their trunks and roots for hundreds of years, comprising a collection of trapped emissions that researchers call a carbon sink. But rising temperatures and related drought in these historically cool regions have led to an increase in extreme wildfire activity and threaten to release the carbon stored in the trees that grow there, transforming a carbon sink into a carbon source.
In all, fires in north forests released the carbon sink and produced nearly half a billion metric tons of carbon in 2022. That’s more carbon than the entire continent of Australia produced the same year, though some of the emissions produced by the fires will be sucked back up as forests regrow.
The researchers obtained the data for their study by tracking concentrations of emissions in the atmosphere using satellites, and then they put that information into a computer model to determine where, geographically, those emissions came from. They found that north forests, which typically produce about 10 percent of the globe’s annual wildfire emissions, accounted for 23 percent of the world’s wildfire emissions in 2022—more than twice as much as normal.
Canadell, who led the study, is most concerned about the study’s main takeaway, north forests have served an important and underappreciated role in isolating carbon emissions, but climate change threatens to release that carbon. “We need to be very careful with these systems in terms of their future development,” he said.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?| A．To indicate the seriousness of the fire. | B．To illustrate two scientific concepts. |
| C．To explain the source of carbon. | D．To show the importance of north forests. |
| A．By turning to the firefighters. | B．By searching on the website. |
| C．By analyzing previous data. | D．By employing technology. |
| A．Assessing. | B．Preventing. | C．Monitoring. | D．Increasing. |
| A．To show the reasons for the forest fires in the north. |
| B．To state the increasingly growing carbon emissions. |
| C．To prove the impact of the north forest fires. |
| D．To explain the link between fires and carbon dioxide. |
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) today announced the 2023 Champions of the Earth.
“To protect our planet, we must find innovative ways to reduce the amount of plastic waste,” said Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP. “One of this year’s Champions of the Earth, Blue Circle of China, has found a very good
Plastic has transformed everyday life and produced many
The addiction to plastics has created what experts call an environmental disaster. Every year, up to 23 million tons of plastic waste goes into lakes, rivers and seas. By 2040, carbon emissions associated with the production, use and disposal of plastics could account
UNEP’s Champions of the Earth honors individuals, groups and organizations whose actions have a
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Green Travel
There are many ways we can choose from to travel to and from school.
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