1 . In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The
How did we
Another cause is our
Our appetite for new products also
All around the world, we can see the
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions
A.key | B.reason | C.project | D.problem |
A.gifts | B.rubbish | C.debt | D.products |
A.face | B.become | C.observe | D.change |
A.hide | B.control | C.replace | D.withdraw |
A.Thanks to | B.As to | C.Except for | D.Regardless of |
A.safe | B.funny | C.cheap | D.powerful |
A.love | B.lack | C.prevention | D.division |
A.sensitive | B.kind | C.brave | D.busy |
A.ways | B.places | C.jobs | D.friends |
A.donate | B.receive | C.produce | D.preserve |
A.adapts | B.returns | C.responds | D.contributes |
A.tired of | B.addicted to | C.worried about | D.ashamed for |
A.newer | B.stronger | C.higher | D.larger |
A.pick up | B.pay for | C.hold onto | D.throw away |
A.advantages | B.purposes | C.functions | D.consequences |
A.show | B.record | C.decrease | D.measure |
A.technology | B.environment | C.consumers | D.brands |
A.However | B.Otherwise | C.Therefore | D.Meanwhile |
A.by | B.in favour of | C.after | D.instead of |
A.spending | B.collecting | C.repairing | D.advertising |
Since Japan began releasing nuclear-contaminated (核污染) wastewater
“The Chinese government will take necessary measures to firmly protect the marine environment
3 . As we all know, plastic products like bags, bottles, toys and various other products end up in our oceans daily. They then pollute and kill marine animals, which ultimately affects humans because it causes widespread starvation among sea life which we depend on for food sources. With global levels of plastic waste in the ocean at an all-time high, there has never been a better time to consider making your swimwear from alternative sources.
It’s time to end the plastic waste polluting our oceans, but we’re not going to wait for someone else to do it. Creating swimsuits and other clothing items out of plastic collected from our oceans might seem pretty far-fetched, but Seamore (after Seamus Malone, our founder) is doing just that. We aim to make people more aware of how much plastic they use every day by providing stylish swimsuits made entirely from recycled ocean plastics.
The process is simple. Gather plastic waste from oceans and waterways, clean it, and turn it functional. Manufacturers (生产商) receive recycled plastic pellet (团粒) material and they press those pellets into fiber sheets; and then they die-cut, sew, or print those fibers into whatever products they want. It’s manufacturers who can decide whether their final product will be recyclable or not. Swimwear collections made from recycled materials found in our oceans illustrate how much impact we can have on our world when we set out to do so with pure intentions.
Today, as more and more people are taking part in water-centric activities, there is greater demand for water-friendly clothing options, especially among individuals looking for alternatives that meet their needs for comfort and functionality in and out of water. But the sad truth is that most of us have no idea where our clothing comes from — and if a recent report is accurate, one-third of all clothing purchased isn’t even worn before it ends up in a landfill.
1. Why is the first paragraph mainly written?A.To show what influence plastic waste has. |
B.To introduce a new environmental effort. |
C.To illustrate how sea life survive the crisis. |
D.To predict the possible effects of pollution. |
A.By producing alternative energy from ocean. |
B.By promoting programmes to educate people. |
C.By offering swimwear made from sea plastics. |
D.By means of organizing theme-related speeches. |
A.It’s easy to collect ocean-based waster. | B.Fibre is made from ocean plastic pellets. |
C.A product’s recyclability is up to its maker. | D.Swimwear can test how we impact marine life. |
A.Positive. | B.Concerned. | C.Doubtful. | D.Cold. |
A.Driving safely. | B.Doing the cleaning. | C.Reducing air pollution. |
5 . As Plastic Chokes the Ocean, Technology Can Help
Some 8 million tons of non-recyclable (不可回收的) plastic end up in the ocean each year. At an alarming rate, the seas may have more plastic than fish by the middle of the century.
Require a global solution to a global problem.
Pay more attention to the new studies on plastic and technologies. Some of researchers are aiming to make replacements for plastic.
Expect more responsibility from manufacturers.
The world doesn’t have enough time in trying to solve the problem. The sooner these efforts start, the better.
A.Strengthen the connection between countries. |
B.Others are doing more research on new technologies. |
C.Nearly 200 countries agreed to ban plastic pollution. |
D.Establish production limits for non-recyclable plastic. |
E.They should care about different laws on plastic in the poorer countries. |
F.They are well aware of how to reduce the harms their products cause. |
G.Thus it’s necessary to take immediate action to stop that. |
6 . Many of the world’s largest consumer product companies, including Coca-Cola, Unilever and PepsiCo, have set ambitious targets for replacing original plastics with recycled ones-typically 25% of their total packaging by 2025. So far, however, most companies have made modest progress and will need to accelerate their efforts to reach these high goals, according to a new cover story in Chemical& Engineering News, an independent news outlet of the American Chemical Society.
In the U.S., only about 10% of plastics are recycled into new products, compared with nearly33% in Europe, writes senior editor Alex Tullo. Facing increasing consumer pressure, many companies have made big promises to increase the amount of recycled plastics they use in packaging to 25%-50% by 2025 or 2030. However, most currently hover at a recycling rate between 2% and 12%, meaning that they will need to greatly speed up their efforts in order to succeed. Meeting the goals will require new technologies to help make plastics easier to recycle, as well as widespread collaboration and investment among brand owners, consumers, recycling facilities, chemical companies and others.
In traditional mechanical recycling, facilities sort through consumers’ recyclables collected local trash porters, separating plastics from metal, glass and other materials. To ease this dud process, AMP Robotics has developed a machine with learning-based technology that identify different types of plastics and pulls unwanted materials off the line with an inflated(充气的)arm. Next, the separated plastics are cut, washed, melted and reshaped. Then, plastics intended for food packaging undergo additional finishing steps.
Although recycling firms have developed new technologies, such as solvent extraction(溶剂萃取), to recycle different types of plastic more efficiently, consumer product companies must redesign their packaging, for example, by removing various plastics and metalized layers, to make them easier to recycle. Also, experts say that consumers need to do their part by putting more of their used plastics into recycling bins.
1. To achieve the high goals in recycling, what need those companies do?A.Promise to use more recycled plastics in packaging. |
B.Connect new technologies with traditional recycling. |
C.Turn to AMP Robotics with learning-based technology. |
D.Combine new technologies, cooperation with financial support. |
A.It can separate plastics from multiple materials. |
B.It can identify and pick out the unwanted plastics. |
C.It can recycle plastics for food packaging directly. |
D.It can use solvent extraction to ease plastics recycling. |
A.Solvent extraction is a traditional recycling method. |
B.Consumers are expected to practice garbage classification. |
C.Recycling firms should remove plastics layers to ease recycling. |
D.Redesigning packaging makes no difference in plastics recycling. |
A.Traditional recycling will be replaced. |
B.Redesigning the food packaging is very urgent. |
C.New technologies are much needed in plastics recycling. |
D.There’s a long way to go for plastics recycling. |
7 . With the outbreak of the COVID-19, multiple kinds of protective medical equipment, such as disposable(一次性的)masks, have been consumed. Market research indicates a sharp increase rate of 53% in the mask market alone. People often use these types of protective equipment and then throw them without thinking of the consequences, both on the ecosystem and human beings.
Disposable surgical masks are severely affecting the ecosystem. When improperly-handled masks enter the water system, they break up into smaller pieces. Complete masks can trap marine animals, resulting in their impaired mobility and even death. Meanwhile, the poisonous plastic particles will cause marine animals to be poisoned to death or weakness when they consume plastic. Furthermore, these harmful pollutants can severely affect reproduction, growth, and the development of the young. Just like their effects on marine animals, these pollutants can also contribute to severe harm in human bodies, especially in the neuron system. Exposure to micro plastics may cause particle poisoning, cellular damage and neuro-degenerative (神经退化的) diseases like Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默症).
Despite the potential harm to the ocean system and human neuron system, improperly-handled disposable masks will likely become a dangerous public health threat under the environment of a global pandemic. Instead of helping us fight against the COVID-19, to some extent, micro plastic pollution also causes the potential risk of speeding up the spread of the virus. Micro plastic particles in the ocean can be mixed up with water vapour to form aerosols in the atmosphere because they are small enough to enter the water cycle, where they are transferred from the marine system to the atmosphere in vast amounts and become a source for the disease COVID-19. thus causing the virus to speed up the spread of the global pandemic.
Humans will eventually suffer from the wrongdoing in the ocean systems because humans are nothing but temporary residents of the planet. Just like what the famous English anthropologist, Jane Goodall, has said, “Every individual matters. Every individual makes a difference.”
1. The underlined word “impaired” in paragraph 2 probably means“_________”.A.strengthened | B.damaged |
C.completed | D.influenced |
A.the impact on marine lives’ reproduction, growth and weakness |
B.the destruction to human’s neuron system, cellular system |
C.the huge economic loss for people living near the sea |
D.the great burden of micro plastic particles on ecosystem |
A.to describe the negative effects of disposed masks on nature and human beings. |
B.to advise readers to deal with the improperly-handled masks. |
C.how the improperly-handled masks help spread the virus. |
D.how to deal with the virus. |
A.To explain a serious phenomenon caused by the virus. |
B.To advocate a proper solution to solving the disposable masks. |
C.To compare the sufferings between marine animals and human beings. |
D.To analyze the harmful results of the improperly-handled masks. |
8 . Taking in dirty air does great harm to our health. Air pollution lowers the average life spans by a year worldwide and in more polluted parts of Asia and Africa, dirty air shortens lives up to twice that much. Scientists shared their new findings in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. The study used data gathered in 2016 as part of a project known as the Global Burden of Disease and was the first major country-by-country look at the connection between the length of life and what’s known as fine PM.
Air pollution has been linked to many health problems. Most earlier studies had looked at how tiny air pollutants affected rates of illness or death. Joshua Apte is an environmental scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. By looking at life expectancy (预期寿命), his team had hoped to make the threat easier to understand. PM2.5 is what scientists call tiny particles (颗粒) of pollution in the air. Higher levels of PM2.5 can cause health problems and cut months, if not years, from the average length of life. This analysis shows how pollution affects life expectancy in different parts of the world.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting PM2.5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Apte’s group calculated how holding pollution to this low level would help people. In countries with very dirty air, meeting this standard would lengthen people’s lives. However, in countries whose air already meets this standard, the study shows no gain in life expectancy. In other words, meeting the WHO standard won’t reduce health costs resulting from dirty air because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter, pollution still causes serious risks. Meanwhile, the scientists compared how other threats including smoking and cancer shorten the length of life across the globe.
1. What is special about the study?A.It won recognition from a professional journal. |
B.It discussed health problems caused by air pollution. |
C.It gathered lots of data for the Global Burden of Disease. |
D.It analyzed the link between life spans and PM by country. |
A.Help people better understand air pollution. |
B.Study life expectancy in different countries. |
C.Know how small air pollutants affect health. |
D.Deal with different kinds of health problems. |
A.People’s life spans will surely increase. |
B.It will guarantee people clean air. |
C.People’s health may not be much improved. |
D.It will be awarded by the WHO. |
A.How other threats shorten life expectancy. |
B.How cleaning up the air can lengthen lives. |
C.How air pollution shortens lives by country. |
D.How all the countries deal with severe pollution. |
9 . Scientists say they have found high levels of small plastic particles(颗粒) in Arctic snow. A German-Swiss research team collected snow samples(样本)from the Arctic and other areas. They included northern Germany, the Bavarian and Swiss Alps, and the North Sea island of Heligoland.When the researchers examined the samples in a laboratory, they were surprised to find very high levels of microplastics.
Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. These plastic particles are generally smaller than 5 millimeters in length. They come from the breakdown of man-made plastic products and industrial waste.
The study found the highest levels of microplastics came from the Bavarian Alps. One snow sample from the area had 154,000 microplastic particles per liter. Samples collected from the Arctic had much lower levels. However, even samples from the Arctic contained up to 14,000 particles per liter.
The study also attempted to explore how some of the material could have been carried in the atmosphere. A limited number of earlier studies did find microplastics in the air of some cities, including Paris, Tehran and Dongguan, China.
Bergmann Melanie co-wrote the report on the new study. She believes the new study clearly shows that “the majority of the microplastic in the snow comes from the air.” The new study suggests that much of the microplastic found in Europe and the Arctic comes from the atmosphere and snow.
While there is growing concern about the effect of microplastics on the environment, scientists are still studying their possible harmful effects on humans and animals. “I hope the new study will lead to more research on this issue. I think microscopic plastic particles should be included in worldwide observations of air pollution levels.We really need to know what effects microplastics have on humans, especially if inhaled with the air that we breathe.” Bergmann said.
1. Why did scientists collect samples from so many places in paragragh 1?A.To make the research convincing. |
B.To attract people to explore there. |
C.To measure the length of microplastics . |
D.To examine the samples easily in the lab. |
A.The risks of microplastics. |
B.The transport of microplastics. |
C.The breakdown of plastic products. |
D.The description of microplastics. |
A.Many people threw them away at the Alps. |
B.They were delivered to remote areas through air. |
C.They could be caught sight of in the air. |
D.They had no great effect on the environment. |
A.Scientists are worried about the the influence of microplastics. |
B.We have found a practical solution to the environment problem. |
C.The effect of microplastics on human must be urgently researched. |
D.There is no need to change observations of air pollution levels. |
10 . The coronavirus pandemic (新冠疫情) has brought with it the rise of a new kind of single-use plastic in the form of personal protective equipment (PPE), like face masks and gloves. Experts warned that these sharply increasing single-use items could cause a new wave of plastic pollution and kill wildlife.
The charity Ocean Conservancy reported that volunteers had collected more than 100,000 PPE items from coasts and waterways during the last six months of 2020. They sent out a survey to more than 200 International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) coordinators and volunteers asking about their experience with PPE. The results show that it is a real problem. Volunteers collected 107,219 pieces of PPE in 70 of 115 participating countries. Of those surveyed, 94% reported seeing PPE at a clean-up, and 40% found five items or more. Further, 37% found the items had already sunk into the water.
“During one of our clean-ups in the canals of Leiden, our volunteers found a latex (乳胶) glove with a dead fish trapped in the thumb,” said Auke-Florian Hiemstra, a study coauthor from Leiden University. “Also, in the Dutch canals, we observed that a water bird was using face masks and gloves in its nests.” Other animals that have gotten trapped in face masks include a fox in the UK, a pufferfish in Florida, and two crabs in France. Numerous dogs and cats have been observed eating PPE as well.
The danger posed by PPE goes deeper than what the eye can see. Luckily, there are ways that all of us can be part of the solution to the problem of PPE pollution. Hiemstra suggested using reusable PPE instead of single-use products. In that case, we should deal with them properly by cutting the ear loops to prevent animal entanglements (缠绕物) and throwing them away in a bin that is not overstuffed. “We definitely think it is important for citizens to understand how much PPE is ending up in the environment and impacting animals,” Hiemstra said.
1. What can we infer from the numbers in paragraph 2?A.The large amount of PPE in the environment. |
B.Volunteers’ great efforts to protect the ocean. |
C.The leading cause of ocean pollution. |
D.Difficulties of cleaning up plastic waste in the ocean. |
A.PPE is attractive to dogs and cats due to its smell. |
B.PPE pollution has done harm to many animals’ lives. |
C.Water birds may not be influenced by plastic pollution. |
D.Litter makes it hard for boats to pass through the canals. |
A.Raising the price of PPE items. |
B.Cleaning the rubbish bin regularly. |
C.Replacing single-use products with reusable ones. |
D.Limiting the production of non-recyclable plastic. |
A.The decline of wildlife due to overhunting. |
B.The shortage of personal protective equipment. |
C.The increasing number of coronavirus patients. |
D.The plastic pollution caused by anti-pandemic products. |