1 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧) ，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线 (﹨)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划—横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last winter, the smog occurred a lot of time. It brought much inconvenience to our daily life or did great harm to our health. Many traffic accidents had happened just because of the heavy smog weather. In addition, quite a lot of flights had to put off and a great number of people stayed at home to keep them away from the harmful air. Some people suffered of bad coughs, sore throats and other serious diseases cause by the smog. I think whomever lives on the earth should try to play the part in the environmental protection. I support the idea that we can try to drive more and buy environmentally friendly products to improve the air quality.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Scientists found that air pollution may be responsible     1     a significant reduction in intelligence. The research conducted by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) in China     2     (show) that air pollution led to big falls in test     3     (score) for languages and arithmetic. The study is called “The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive (认知的）performance ”. It was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal. The study took place over four years. Researchers analyzed speaking and arithmetic tests taken by 20 000 people of all ages. They said， “Polluted air may prevent cognitive ability     4     people become older.”

The study is a warning to the rest of the world,     5     (especial) to those in cities. Over 91 percent of the world population live in areas with     6     (poison) air and air pollution is the     7     (four) highest cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that     8     longer people were exposed to polluted air，the greater their intelligence went down. They said air pollution caused a year’s worth of lost education. For those     9     were over 60 years old，this could be several years. A researcher warned，“There is no shortcut     10     (solve) this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures to reduce air pollution.”

3 . In the last few years, you may have noticed the terra “microplastics” in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded (丢弃的) plastic bottles, bags and containers that end up in rivers, lakes and oceans. Because they are so tiny and hard to see, researchers set sail to collect water samples and estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute, an organization aimed at reducing plastics pollution in our oceans, estimates that 296,000 tons of plastic are floating in the world’s oceans. But, if you think that oceans are the only water bodies with a micropiastics problem, think again - the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in our own backyard.

In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute, Trash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence of micropiastics in the water. Setting out from Deale, Md., the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖网) for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a cone-shaped (锥形的) net, whose holes measure 330 microns (微米) wide, about the width of two to three strands of human hair. Water flows through the main opening and the fine mesh (网眼) of net ensures anything suspended m the water is trapped behind.

In seven samples, the net picked up algae (海藻) trash, foam and plastic. According to the 5 Gyres Institute representative, the first sample collected contained almost 10 times the amount of plastic than would be collected in a typical ocean sample. The plastic found in the Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting, fishing line and microbeads, which are small plastic scrubbers mm found in face wash, toothpaste and cleaning products. Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide. They are small enough to bypass water treatment systems’ filters (过滤器) and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads and other micropiastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them, and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The description of the trawl.

B．The basic data of the water samples.

C．The process of collecting water samples.

D．The introduction of Trash Free Maryland.

2. What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Bits of bags.	B．Chemicals.
C．Microbeads.	D．Micropiastics.

3. How does the author prove plastics pollution can be harmful to people s health?

A．By analyzing the data.	B．By making comparisons.
C．By giving some examples.	D．By referring to scientists views.

4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To explain some new scientific terms to people.

B．To let people learn more about plastics pollution.

C．To urge governments to make environmental laws.

D．To tell people some new findings in scientific research.