1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

More than 11,000 scientists from 153 countries have sounded the alarm on climate change. In a paper     1    (publish) last week in the journal BioScience, they signed a declaration(声明) stating clearly that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency, saying that if no changes     2    (make) , the world will face untold suffering. The evidence that the scientists collected reveals an undeniable truth     3     human activities have been causing global warming from the fast rise of fossil fuel consumption     4     the increase in greenhouse gas emissions(排放) over the past 40 years.

The scientists also gave some instructions to fight against global warming, proposing six actions to prevent     5    (far) disasters: stabilizing population     6    (grow) by investing into family-planning services and girls’ education, replacing fossil fuels, cutting the emissions of climate pollutants, eating less meat, restoring and protecting     7    (ecosystem) , and building     8     carbon-free economy.

The scientists say the climate crisis is    9    (close) related to human activities, so they call on people     10    (change) their life styles. But these measures are comparatively abstract. Therefore, it is high time for policymakers to figure out more practical measures that can bring down carbon emissions.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The problem that the Li River in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region suffered from severe water pollution was caused by many factors such as many tourists frequently     1    (throw) garbage into the river, lots of oil     2     was used by kitchens     3     board often thrown into the water, and more household and commercial waste as well as chemicals used to increase crop production ending up in the river.

    4    (fortune), local officials took urgent steps to restore the river’s original beauty. A comprehensive initiative was started to address the issues. With     5     construction of waste water treatment facilities, the water quality, water     6    (conserve) and the collection and transport of household waste were also improved. Polluting enterprises were closed     7     moved. Strict regulations regarding tour boat routes, garbage disposal methods and further industrial development were set up. Furthermore, the media     8    (use) to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. The local authorities also carried out inspections regularly and fined tourist organizations for abuses. In addition, the     9    (ambition)“Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country. With all these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations     10    (come).

4 . Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made: 8.3 billion tons. Looked at another way, that’s as heavy as 25, 000 Empire State Buildings or one billion elephants. And incredibly, almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years.

______ Much plastic is in the form of packaging which is used just once and then thrown away. According to a major new study from the University of California, 9% of this is recycled, 12% is completely burnt and 79% goes to landfill. And because most plastic is not easily disposed of, once it’s in the ground, it stays there.

It’s a situation that has led the paper’s lead author, ecologist Dr. Roland Geyer, to say that we are “rapidly heading towards ‘Planet Plastic’”. The team behind this report also estimate that eight million tons of plastic waste are escaping into the sea every year. This has caused concern that plastic is entering the food chain, through fish and other sea life which swallow the smaller fragments.

Of course, the reason why there’s so much plastic around is that it’s an amazingly useful material. It’s durable and adaptable, and is used for everything from yoghurt pots to spaceships. But it’s exactly this quality that makes it a problem. The only way to destroy plastic is to heat or burn it — although this has the side effect of harmful emissions.

So what’s the alternative, other than using less plastic? Oceanographer Dr. Erik van Sebille from Utrecht University says we’re facing a “tsunami” of plastic waste, and that the global waste industry needs to “get its act together”.

Professor Richard Thompson, a marine biologist from Plymouth University, says it’s poor design that’s at fault. He says that if products are currently designed “with recyclability in mind”, they could be recycled around 20 times over.

1. Which of the following is the best topic sentence for paragraph two?

A．So where does the plastic go?

B．So why is much plastic thrown away?

C．So what’s the problem?

D．So how is the plastic disposed of?

2. How might plastic enter the food we eat?

A．By being eaten and absorbed by sea creatures.	B．By being used as useful materials.
C．By getting into the food market directly.	D．By getting into the deep sea.

3. Which of the following might Richard Thompson agree with?

A．Plastic waste has caused tsunami.

B．The design of products should be environmentally friendly.

C．Plastics are currently recycled over 20 times.

D．Global waste industry is to blame for the plastic waste problem.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Global Waste Industry	B．Recyclability of Plastics
C．Planet Plastic	D．Plastic Waste into the Sea

5 . A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.

Scientists don’t know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data. However, researchers say that examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.

The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne universities, analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901. Scientists successfully measured painters’ representation (再现) of nature, focusing on the colors as well as differences in local weather patterns which influenced coloring. They significantly found that paintings composed in Britain generally feature a greyer blue sky than works in other parts of Europe.

Researchers particularly believe changes in local sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫) emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the color contrast and intensity (亮度) of Turner’s and Monet’s works, even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time.

Generally, artists can historically accurately represent their environment. Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution, when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.

Additionally, researchers say that since the air in London was much polluted, the cities would appear grey and dull to the eyes as well as in photographs. By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to photos from the era, they were able to determine the painting works were definitely influenced by the change in emissions.

1. What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet?

A．Air pollution at that time.	B．Change in subject matter.
C．Social trends of the period.	D．Development of photography.

2. How did the researchers conduct the study?

A．By referring to relevant historical records.

B．By examining the coloring of the paintings.

C．By comparing the paintings of Turner with Monet’s.

D．By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution.

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．European artists preferred landscape paintings.

B．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution.

C．The research focused on studying weather patterns.

D．Britain suffered most from air pollution in Europe.

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To call on people to protect the environment.

B．To introduce air pollution in the Industrial Revolution.

C．To inform people of a new discovery in certain artworks.

D．To instruct people to admire classic paintings in new ways.

6 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。

The Palace Museum is becoming waste-free as the 720,000-square-meter structure has managed     1     (reduce) the number of rubbish bins to 110 sets in areas open to the public. This is a decrease from 310 sets     2     (record) in January 2020, when a zero-waste campaign     3     (launch), said the museum.

While protecting features of the six-century-old historical relic, the action also helps visitors and tourists get into     4     habit of creating less waste. Up to now, four types of rubbish bins have been equipped following Beijing’s regulations on the management of household waste. Cleaning staff also check them to make sure all rubbish is     5     (correct) sorted, which is later transported to different destinations for disposal (处理). The museum also recycled more than 32,000 plastic     6     (bottle) to make cultural and creative products between June 2021 and October 2023,     7     (mean) a reduction in carbon emission by 931 kilograms.

By launching the campaign, the Palace Museum is taking a careful, science-based way to waste management. The target is to minimize the production of waste     8     needs to be buried or burned and bring the amount of such waste as close     9     zero as possible.

So far, about 3,000 museum staff members, 40,000 tourist guides, and 21 million visitors     10     (participate) in the campaign.

7 . Plastic straws (吸管) have been a major problem in global discussions of environmental damage. Maybe because of their small size, the production cost of straws is low. In many countries, straws are offered freely after buying soft drinks. Therefore, plastic straws are one of the most used plastics and pollutants in the world.

The plastic straw is light and small. Due to their small size, plastic straws are often eaten by sea animals. Environmentalists have shown that the death of many sea animals is caused by eating plastic straws. The other damaging characteristic of plastic straws is that they are made of materials which cannot degrade. That means the materials cannot be changed into small harmless ones.

The most effective way of dealing with the environmental pollution caused by plastic straws is the reuse or banning (禁止) the use of plastic straws. Being plastics, the straws can be made into new items. Many organizations around the world change used straws into new products. In Africa, local communities collect used plastic straws and use them to make mats and bags. Another way of dealing with environmental pollution caused by plastic straws is placing a ban on their production and use. Experts advise governments to ban using plastic straws to save the environment. A few countries in the world, such as Rwanda, Macedonia, China, Kenya, have already banned the use of plastic bags and are expected to include plastic straws to save the environment. A few countries in the world, such as Rwanda, Macedonia, China, Kenya, have already banned the use of plastic bags and are expected to include plastic straws and bottles. But it will be a long way to do this effectively.

There are few environmentally friendly and biodegradable products to take the place of plastic straws. These products include paper straws and bamboo straws. However, such straws are usually expensive as their production cost is high. It’s still a question whether they can entirely take the place of plastic straws.

1. Why can people be free to use plastic straws?

A．They are very cheap.	B．They are light and small.
C．They are dangerous.	D．They are easy to use.

2. What does the underlined word “degrade” in paragraph2 mean?

A．Cut up.

B．Break down.

C．Burn up.

D．Go by.

3. What can we learn from paragraph3?

A．It’s not difficult to ban using plastic straws.

B．Many countries have stopped using plastic straws.

C．Experts advise people to stop producing plastic straws.

D．Some Africans change plastic straws into new products.

4. What does the author think of environmentally friendly straws?

A．It is a must to use them.

B．It’s not easy to reuse them.

C．There are still some problems to be solved.

D．There are some other kinds of cheaper straws.

10 . In the old days, when you had to drive to a movie theater or to a video store to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact on the environment. You were hopping into your car, driving across town, and using gas all the way.

But now that we’re used to staying at home and streaming movies, we might feel better about ourselves. After all, we’re just picking up our phones or maybe turning on the TV. You’re welcome, Mother Nature.

“Not so fast,” says a recent report from the French-based Shift Project. Watching a half-hour show would lead to 3.5 pounds of CO₂ emissions. That’s like driving 3.9 miles. According to “Climate Crisis: The Unsustainable Use of Online Video,” digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and that energy use is increasing by 9% a year. Stored in data centers, videos are transferred to our terminals such as computers, smart phones, etc. via networks: all these processes require electricity whose production consumes resources and usually involves CO₂ emissions.

In the European Union, the Eureca project lead scientist, Rabih Bashroush, calculated that 5 billion downloads and streams of the song “Despacito” consumed as much electricity as the countries of Chad, Guinea-Bissau, Somalia, Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic used in a single year.

Streaming is only expected to increase as we become more attached to our devices. Online video use is expected to account for 80% of all internet traffic in five years according to CISCO. By then, about 60% of the world’s population will be online.

You’re probubly not going to give up your streaming services, but there are things you can do to help lessen the impact of your online use.

Here are some tips:

Disable autoplay for video on social media.

Stream over Wi-Fi, not mobile networks.

Watch on the smallest screen you can.

Don’t use high-definition (高清) video on devices.

1. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that people think ______.

A．they should welcome Mother Nature

B．streaming at home avoids possible emissions

C．it is inconvenient to drive to a movie theater

D．watching movies at home is more fun

2. We may learn from the text that ______.

A．60% of the world’s population watch videos online

B．digital technologies account for 4% of electricity use

C．online video use makes up 80% of all internet traffic

D．30 minutes of streaming video may produce 3.5 pounds of CO₂

3. Why are the five countries mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A．To praise their energy-efficient practice.

B．To prove the poverty of the five countries

C．To stress the popularity of the song “Despacito”

D．To show the high energy use of downloads and streams

4. How can people help to save energy when streaming?

A．Use high-definition videos.	B．Turn off video autoplay
C．Stream over mobile networks.	D．Watch movies on bigger screens.