4 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by 2025.

A private American organisation called Population Action International (PAI) did the new study. It says more than three hundred and thirty-­five million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty­eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

PAI researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three thousand million people are short of water. Eighteen more countries are expected to have serious water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on the earth stays the same.

Mr Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases like cholera that are carried in water.

Lack of water may also lead to more international conflicts. Countries may have to fight for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan and   Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need large amounts of water when they are beginning.

The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.

The report also says long­term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

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5 . 假定你是李华，是第一中学的一名学生，请你就学校附近一些印染厂偷排未经处理的废气所造成的极大影响与危害，给常熟市长写一封信反映这一污染问题。内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.排放未经处理废气的危害；
3.你的诉求。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已经给出，不包含在词数内。
参考词汇：printing and dyeing mill 印染厂
Dear Mayor,
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Yours,

Li Hua

6 . 听下面一段材料，请根据材料内容用适当的词填空，并填写在横线上，每空1词。

Interviewer: David, what do you see as the main problems with the environment?

David: Well, in a nutshell, the most     1     problem of all is the climate. The world's climate seems to be getting warmer.

Interviewer: We've seen a lot of     2     of that, haven't we? Hotter summers, warmer winters, that kind of thing.

David: Yes, we have. Also, scientists have found that the ice at the Poles is beginning to melt.

Interviewer: We've heard that too. Is that really happening?

David: Yes, I'm afraid it is. And at sometime in the future, the ice may melt completely. Then it's possible that the sea could rise and coastal cities like New York and Shanghai could disappear under water.

John: It sounds very     3    .

David: I couldn't agree with you more. It's scary!

Interviewer: Can you explain why the climate's getting warmer?

David: Well, I'll do my best! It's pollution that's the problem. Gases from cars enter the atmosphere and stop the sun's heat from leaving the atmosphere. And factories give out chemicals that do the same thing. So as a result, the climate is getting warmer.

Interviewer: From what I understand, carbon dioxide from cars is a     4     problem.

David: You're absolutely right. Carbon dioxide is the gas that does most     5     to the atmosphere. But we have a problem with trees too. You see, trees give out oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. So they're very useful because they use up the carbon dioxide.

7 . 请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Suzhou,May 2020:According to a government's plan,all major cities in China are expected to start garbage classification this year, and the system should be completed and functioning by the end of 2025.The city of Suzhou has thus acted and related campaigns have been launched and flourishing throughout the neighborhoods.

In a summer camp,one of the events,a group of adolescents visited several waste treatment plants where they gained a better understanding of methods of sorting and recycling organic waste,sewage(生活污水）and sludge(生活污物）。In another event,a team of residents.and a team of students from a local college had a debate on"Should Practice of Garbage Classification Rely More on Law Enforcement or Moral Consciousness'.Many residents watched the debate and acquired a good knowledge of garbage classification in the process.Still another community offered the local administrative staff working on garbage disposal(处置）and environmental protection and staff from the local property management company a chance to visit a community in Wujiang District,Suzhou to learn experience for more efficient garbage classification.

【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概述上述内容；
2.谈谈垃圾分类的重要性（至少两点）；
3.结合自身实际，谈谈作为学生你如何为保护和改善环境贡献自己的力量。
【写作要求】
1.表明个人观点，同时提供理由或论据；
2.阐述观点或提供论据时，不得直接引用原文中的句子；
3. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
4.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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8 . Pigeons in London have a bad reputation. Some people call them flying rats. And many blame them for causing pollution with their droppings. But now the birds are being used to fight another kind of pollution in this city of 8. 5 million.

“The problem for air pollution is that it’s been largely ignored as an issue for a long time,” says Andrea Lee, who works for the London-based environmental organization Client Earth. “People don’t realize how bad it is,and how it actually affects their health. ‘‘ London’s poor air quality is linked to nearly 10,000 early deaths a year. Lee says, citing report released by the city manager last year, “If people were better informed about the pollution they’re breathing,” she says,”they could pressure the government to do something about it. ‘‘

Nearby, on a windy hill in London’s Regent’s Park, an experiment is underway that could help-the first week of flights by the Pigeon Air Patrol. It all began when Pierre Duquesnoy, the director for DigitasLBi, a marketing firm, won a London Design Festival contest last year to show how a world problem could be solved using Twitter. Duquesnoy, from France, chose the problem of air pollution.

“Basically, I realized how important the problem was,v he says. “But also I realized that most of the people around me didn’t know anything about it. ‘‘ Duquesnoy says he wants to better measure pollution, while at the same time making the results accessible to the public through Twitter.

“So, “ he wondered, “how could we go across the city quickly collecting as much data as possible?” Drones ( 无人驾驶飞机)were his first thought. But it’s illegal to fly them over London. “But pigeons can fly above London,right?” he says. “They live -actually? they are Londoners as well. So, yeah, I thought about using pigeons equipped with mobile apps. And we can use not just street pigeons, but racing pigeons, because they fly pretty quickly and pretty low. “

So it might be time for Londoners to have more respect for their pigeons. The birds may just be helping to improve the quality of the city's air.

1. What can we infer about London’s air quality from paragraph 2?

A．Londoners are very satisfied with it.

B．The government is trying to improve it.

C．The government has done a lot to improve it.

D．Londoners should pay more attention to it.

2. Duquesnoy attended the London Design Festival to __.

A．entertain Londoners	B．solve a world problem
C．design a product for sale	D．protect animals like pigeons

3. Why did Duquesnoy give up using drones to fly across London?

A．Because they are too expensive	B．Because they fly too quickly.
C．Because they are forbidden.	D．Because they fly too high.

4. Which can be the best title for the text?

A．London’s New Pollution Fighter

B．London’s Dirty Secret

C．Clean Air in London

D．Causes of Air Pollution in London

9 . Youth is a stressful time from friends to school to families, and stressful situations become common. The body can respond (反应) with faster breathing, a fast beating heart, tense (绷紧的) muscles and drop of sweat. And teens who breathe polluted air appear to respond most strongly to stress, a new study shows.

Jonas Miller, a psychologist working at Stanford University ,studied whether or how air pollution might affect the body’s response to stress. Miller's team invited 144 teens to participate in a stressful test. Most of the kids lived in or near San Francisco,which has the worst air quality.

Before the test, the researchers used sensors(感测器) to record heart rates and sweat levels for five minutes as the kids rested. Then as the test began, a researcher read aloud the beginning of a story and the kids had five minutes to make up an exciting ending to the story. They would have to memorize their ending and present it aloud to a judge. After finishing this task, the kids were asked to do math problems, which obviously was a harder task. If he or she made a mistake, the judge let the student start over. The whole time, sensors recorded heart rates and sweat levels.

Miller found all the students had similar heart rates and sweat levels at rest. But as the test got difficult, differences began to appear. Kids from places with more air pollution responded more strongly to stress and their heartbeats became irregular. They sweated more than teens who lived in cleaner places.

"The teens' bodies were preparing to deal with possible challenges in the environment and such bodily responses to stress were linked to negative feelings", Miller concludes. Over time, he says, "these responses can contribute to both physical and mental health problems."

This study has proved the negative health effects of air pollution among teenagers. Therefore, teenagers should try to avoid their exposure (暴露) to air pollution They should consider limiting their time outside during rush hour, especially on days when air pollution is particularly strong.

1. What happened to teens in stressful situations?

A．Their bodies react strongly.

B．Their muscles cause pain.

C．They become seriously sick.

D．They have trouble in breathing.

2. What can we learn about the test?

A．The judge of the test was strict with the kids.

B．The kids enjoyed making up endings of stories.

C．Those breathing polluted air doesn't have more stress in life.

D．The kids gradually felt more stress in the process.

3. From the study we can infer that tens should ____.

A．solve their mental health problems

B．spend less time outside in heavy traffic

C．learn to deal with stressful situations

D．enjoy more outside activities in good weather

4. Where is the passage probably from?

A．A report on pollution.	B．A geography book.
C．A psychologist's diary.	D．A science magazine.

10 . An invention to tackle canal plastics pollution was one of the highlights of the recent Amsterdam International Water Week.

The instrument, named"the great Bubble barrier" is a bubble screen that will remove plastic trash from the canals and therefore prevent it from flowing through to the river IJ and the North Sea.

“This is a very important step in reducing the amount of plastic in the oceans,”co-inventor Philip Ehrhorn said “It is a lot easier to stop it at an earlier stage instead of in the ocean.”

The tool works as follows. By pumping air through a tube with holes in it, which is located on the bottom of a waterway, a bubble barrier appears. This creates an upward thrust, which brings waste to the surface of the water.

By placing it diagonally in the waterway, the barrier uses the natural current to guide the plastic to the catchment system at the riverside. Both ships and fish can pass through the Bubble Barrier, but plastic will be stopped.

The invention's origins go back around four years, when Dutch students Saskia Studer, Anne Marieke Eveleens and Francis Zoet looked at the bubbles of a beer glass in a bar and thought they should do something similar. Ehrhorn, a German student, had the same idea. After he found out about the plans of the three Dutch women, they decided to join forces in Amsterdam.

“It is the first step of many”, Ehrhorn continued on the project. “First, the different rivers and canals in the Netherlands-cities, industrial areas, ports. In the following years ,we will go to the rest of Europe, Asia and elsewhere.”

“We have learned to live with water and have built a thriving society.”Nijhof said.

1. What's a bubble barrier?

A．A dam made of concrete.	B．An invention to trap plastic.
C．A canal to deal with waste.	D．A container to hold beer.

2. According to Philip Ehrhorn, which of the following is true?

A．The barrier is effective in a way.

B．It's easy to deal with plastic.

C．This instrument can deal with all waste.

D．We can do nothing with sea waste.

3. Which paragraphs describe the barrier's working principle?

A．Paragraph 1&2.	B．Paragraph 2&3.
C．Paragraph 3&4.	D．Paragraph 4&5.

4. Which might be the best title of Paragraph 2&3 of the passage?

A．Plastic becomes easier to remove.

B．An action to remove the plastic.

C．An instrument will be invented.

D．A new invention to fight plastic pollution.