1 . 假定你是李华，你校最近发起了针对全球污染问题的宣传活动。请你在校报的英语专栏写一封公开信,给同学们提出建议，内容包括:
1.海洋里的垃圾越来越多；
2.空气污染严重;；
3.解决方法及建议。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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3 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Solving the Problem of E-Waste

One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.

Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.

There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.

As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.

These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing" according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.

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4 . Pollution

Pollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances(物质).Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars.    1    

Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料）These include coal, oil and natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. Air pollution may cause such diseases cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things    2     Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer(臭氧层)which is important because it protects Earth against harmful rays from the sun.

Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump(倾倒) garbage and dirty water into river, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink.    3    

Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may come from farms or factories.    4     They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.

Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution. Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment     5     Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources to produce less pollution. Many communities use recycling to reduce pollution.

A．Farmers use chemical to help crops grow.

B．This type of pollution may be seen in big cities.

C．They also can harm fish and other forms of life.

D．These chemicals can spread to plants and animals.

E．In addition, air pollution may be a cause of global warming.

F．There are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land.

G．Some companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.

5 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by 2025.

A private American organisation called Population Action International (PAI) did the new study. It says more than three hundred and thirty-­five million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty­eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

PAI researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three thousand million people are short of water. Eighteen more countries are expected to have serious water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on the earth stays the same.

Mr Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases like cholera that are carried in water.

Lack of water may also lead to more international conflicts. Countries may have to fight for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan and   Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need large amounts of water when they are beginning.

The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.

The report also says long­term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

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6 . Angela never liked seeing plastic waste washed up on the shore near her home. She had been_______ to call on her community to clean it up, to change the _______, so she tried to set up an organization called Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea. Her_______ proved quite a success.

Here's how it _______.Volunteers help clean up 300 miles of shoreline. Then, _______ only plastics from the beach cleanup, Angela and many other volunteers create sculptures of sea _______·She explains, "I mean to create sculptures that make people take a look and _______: 'How can there be this much waste on the beach?' _______ these sculptures will make people consider what they have _______ in their daily life and realize how so much plastic ends up in the oceans." So far, about 10,000 ________volunteers have collected 21 tons of waste and helped create more than 70 works of art. Four traveling ________ have demonstrated the art works in 18 places of the country. One of the sculptures, Turtle Ocean, received a ________ honor. It was admitted into the National Museum.

The Washed Ashore team is now working on sculpture of a dolphin, with ________ for more sculptures.“Until we ________ plastic on the beach, the work will continue. These sculptures are a(n)________for clean oceans. ” Angela says seriously.

1.

A．offering

B．longing

C．admitting

D．hesitating

2.

A．landscape

B．world

C．surface

D．situation

3.

A．attempt

B．choice

C．program

D．instruction

4.

A．walks

B．applies

C．functions

D．prepares

5.

A．stopping

B．presenting

C．delivering

D．employing

6.

A．waste

B．floor

C．waves

D．creatures

7.

A．rethink

B．remark

C．confirm

D．announce

8.

A．Generally

B．Hopefully

C．Fortunately

D．Surprisingly

9.

A．achieved

B．observed

C．purchased

D．recommended

10.

A．devoted

B．surprised

C．grateful

D．adventurous

11.

A．guides

B．managers

C．advertisements

D．exhibitions

12.

A．folk

B．simple

C．special

D．strange

13.

A．plans

B．calls

C．elements

D．exchanges

14.

A．get down to

B．keep away from

C．get rid of

D．end up with

15.

A．answer

B．appeal

C．warning

D．response

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The brightness of light from our cities has reached     1     high levels that it is reducing the darkness of night. A century ago, when night-time     2     (fall) the dark of night arrived. Things are     3     (differ) today. A new study reports that artificial light at night is increasing around the world. Scientists say it grew     4     2.2% a year between 2012 and 2016. This intrusion of artificial light is causing us many problems. The International Dark-Sky Association says, “it is not only damaging our view of the universe, but it is     5     (severe) threatening our environment, our safety, our energy consumption and our health”.

Dr. Franz Holker said artificial light is     6     threat to our natural environment. He called it a pollutant     7     threatens nocturnal animals and affects plants and microorganisms He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans     8     (include). He said it is reshaping “entire social ecological systems”. Environmentalists thought LED lights would help. However, cities are using more LED lights because     9     are cheaper. This is adding to the pollution of light. Night-time light decreased in sixteen countries, including     10     (nation) at war, like Yemen and Syria.

8 . Climate change is increasingly affecting our daily lives.Latest research and studies in the US highlight the facts about the human-caused change to our global weather systems and its effects on our planet.First among them is that rising temperatures and increasingly chaotic(混乱的)weather are the work of humanity.There's a 99.9999%chance that humans are the cause of global warming.Humans burn fossil fuels such as oil,coal and gas,which give out carbon dioxide(Co₂),methane and other gases into Earth's atmosphere and oceans.Co₂,is the greenhouse gas that's most responsible for warming.

Scientists worldwide have also conducted countless researches on this issue.For example,a group of scientists in Australia have published a study analysing the contributions to climate change by the worlds nations versus the effect that climate change will have on those countries.

They have found that some developed nations,such as Australia,the US and Canada,are essentially climate free riders,driving the problem of climate change while suffering relatively few of the costs,such as destructive flood,increased extreme weather and rising sea levels.Meanwhile,many countries in Africa or small island states which produce few greenhouse gas emissions are the most vulnerable(易受损害的)countries.

While it's important that this issue is defined by scientists,it needs to be acted on by global leaders.The Paris Agreement,finalised in December 2015,was widely seen as a positive step forward in addressing climate change.However,in order to help those vulnerable countries while achieving global emissions reductions,urgent and effective actions in accordance with the policies in the Paris Agreement must be taken.

1. What is the main cause of global warming according to the passage?

A．The rising temperature.	B．The increasingly chaotic weather.
C．Humans behaviours of burning fossil fuels.	D．Fossil fuels such as oil,coal and gas.

2. From the research of the Australian scientists,we can infer that it is____that should take more responsibilities for the issue of climate change.

A．some vulnerable countries	B．some developed countries
C．some developing countries	D．some African countries

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the research of Australian scientists?

A．Some developed countries drive the problem of climate change but bear relatively few of the costs.

B．Some countries unfairly bear the burden of the problem of climate change they did not create.

C．The costs of climate change include destructive flood,increased extreme weather and rising sea levels.

D．The most easily affected countries that produce few greenhouse gas emissions are all in Africa.

4. What does the author call on people to do to solve the global warming problem?

A．Define greenhouse gas emissions.

B．Take urgent and effective actions in accordance with the policies in the Paris Agreement.

C．Help the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.

D．Pay more attention to global climate change.

9 . 语法填空

Child health experts have said families and parents are worryingly unaware of the severe damage air pollution is doing to young people in the UK.

In a survey of leading health professionals, nine in 10 said air pollution    1    (harm) children in their areas, and a similar rate(92%) said the public needed to be    2    (well) informed about the issue.

“Children have a fundamental right    3    (grow) up in clean and safe environment that gives them the best possible start in life. The persistent, illegal opening of air pollution limits across the UK are    4    unacceptable action of this,” he said.

UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会),     5    campaigns on children’s rights and wellbeing around the world, announced last year it was making protecting young people    6    toxic(毒素的)air across Britain in the months ahead.

Recently a series of reports    7    (outline)the effect of air pollution—including detrimental effects on teenage mental health, a “huge” reduction in intelligence among children growing up in    8    (pollute)areas.

Penrose said: “The impact of toxic air is undeniable. The UK is home to more children     9    (suffer)from breathing conditions than anywhere else in Europe. Every 20 minutes a child experiencing an asthma attack is admitted to hospital. Now child health professionals are warning of the    10    (serious)of this growing health crisis.”

10 . The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.

Man has been polluting the earth.The more people，the more pollution.Many years ago，the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people.When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place，man moved to another place.But this is no longer true.Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.

Air pollution is still the most serious.It’s bad for all living things in the world，but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.

Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO₂ is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution.It is caused by heavy traffic.We are sure that if there are fewer people driving，there will be less air pollution.

The earth is our home. We must take care of it.That means keeping the land，water and air clean.And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.

1. What makes our world become much smaller?

A．Science development.	B．The rise in population.
C．The pollution on the earth.	D．The strong wind.

2. What was life like hundreds of years ago?

A．It was much easier than today.	B．It was much harder than today.
C．It was the same as today.	D．It was hard to describe.

3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Rubbish.	B．Water pollution.
C．Air pollution.	D．Noise pollution.

4. According to the text, how can we reduce pollution?

A．Making rules to fight pollution.	B．Drinking as little water as possible.
C．Stop buying new things.	D．Only walking to work.