The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing
So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which
United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and
“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is
He praised the
“We are still in a race
Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to
“
Scientists and
A.applicants | B.fears | C.observations | D.comments |
A.seeks | B.allows | C.assumes | D.seizes |
A.institutions | B.laboratories | C.committees | D.factories |
A.formally | B.instantly | C.particularly | D.generally |
A.prejudices | B.approaches | C.visions | D.concepts |
A.spiritual | B.historic | C.appropriate | D.valueless |
A.agreements | B.groups | C.headquarters | D.emissions |
A.apologized | B.denied | C.warned | D.overlooked |
A.against | B.on | C.for | D.without |
A.avoid | B.find | C.address | D.ignore |
A.falling | B.rising | C.disappearing | D.remaining |
A.Until | B.Since | C.If | D.While |
A.under no circumstances | B.on the contrary |
C.in no case | D.by all means |
A.officers | B.policymakers | C.employers | D.technicians |
A.remove | B.preserve | C.supply | D.restore |
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are
The World Health Organization warns that millions of people
WHO officials say opening a window or door
3 . Clean water is not only important for food production, but necessary for our life. However, large numbers of people in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are going without. The World Health Organization reports that almost 4,000 children die each day for dirty water or lack of water.
Agriculture is the primary user of water at 70-85% of fresh water in the world. Industrial uses of water don’t often come to mind, but you may be surprised to know that industry uses 59% of the water supply in developed countries.
Home use takes up only 8% in the world. But as cities grow, the local government has to cut down on water use. Many cities are turning to privatization (私有化) of water as a method of controlling use. The poor are paying as much as a quarter of their monthly income for water in some developing countries.
In 60% of large European cities, groundwater is being used at a faster rate. People are saving water by simply using less and being careful with what they do use. Sometimes it’s as simple as not throwing out water that they could use elsewhere.
In Australia overuse of water has always been a problem. The Australian government has encouraged households and industries to collect rainwater and reuse water from showers. Technology is helping householders for shower and bath water for reuse in toilets or gardens.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has made a water saving program designed to encourage families and businesses to examine their water use and save more water. Good water management has been considered by scientists and the UN as the key to solving the water problem. We can all work together to protect our valuable water in our daily life.
1. In developed countries, most water is used by ______.A.industry | B.agriculture |
C.families | D.businesses |
A.Find more groundwater. |
B.Make good use of rainwater. |
C.Encourage people to have fewer showers |
D.Recycle water for a second use. |
A.popularize privatization of water |
B.cut down on water use at home |
C.have good control over water use |
D.introduce water-saving technologies |
A.Water — the source of all lives |
B.Save water, save the world |
C.New ways to save water |
D.Water and people’s health |
4 . Climate change will increase US wildfires,and the smoky air will cause terrible problems in areas far beyond those burned,reports an environmental group Thursday.
Two-thirds of Americans,or nearly 212 million,lived in states suffering from wildfire smoke three years ago,according to the report by the Natural Resources Defense Council(NRDC).These areas,which had smoke for at least a week,were nearly 50 times greater than those burned directly by fire.
“It affects a much wide area of the United States than people have realized.” says author Kim Knowlton,a Columbia University health professor,adding the smoke can move up to hundreds of miles.She says the smoke contains air pollution and can cause several kinds of diseases.
Texas was hit hardest in 2011,when smoke stayed for at least a week in areas that are home to 25 million people,according to NRDC’s report.Illinois,which recorded no wildfires within its borders, came second with nearly 12 million people affected by smoke that moved in from elsewhere.The other eight states with the most people in touch with smoky air were,in descending order: Florida,Missouri,Georgia,Louisiana,Michigan,Alabama,Oklahoma and Iowa.
Nearly two dozen states had no wildfires within their borders in 2011,but eight of them still had at least one week of smoky air: Illinois,Missouri,Iowa,Kansas,Nebraska,Indiana,Wisconsin and Ohio.
Only 18 states and the District of Columbia had no people in touch with at least a week of smoke that year,although five of them—Alaska,California,Hawaii,Nevada and Utah—had a large area burned by wildfires.
The problem will only get worse.Knowlton says.Scientific research shows climate is causing higher temperatures and health problems.
1. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_______.A.climate change killed many Americans |
B.there are fewer states burned by wildfires |
C.every state had wildfire smoke for at least a week |
D.most Americans suffered from wildfire smoke 3 year ago |
A.Iowa. | B.Kansas. |
C.Ohio. | D.California. |
A.going down | B.coming true |
C.looking practical | D.turning back |
A.Climate change causes more wildfires. |
B.Wildfire smoke becomes a serious health problem. |
C.More wildfires cause climate changes. |
D.Air pollution becomes a terrible problem. |
5 . Damage to Ozone layer Gets Worse
In the middle of winter, when snow is falling in many parts of the United States, scientists have sounded a warning to people who plan to spend many hours in the sun this summer. The warning is: The sun’s summertime rays are more dangerous than once thought.
A team of scientists from 80 nations recently reported to the United Nations that a layer of ozone (臭氧层) in the atmosphere, which protects humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation, will be thinner over the United States this summer. The thinner layer allows more ultraviolet rays from the sun to reach Earth. The extra amount of ultraviolet radiation could cause an increase in the number of cases of skin cancer.
Scientists first became concerned about the ozone layer in the mid-1980s when a hole was discovered in the layer above Antarctica during the winter. The hole was caused by chemicals used in refrigerators and air conditioners. When these chemicals are sent out into the atmosphere, they produce gases that destroy the ozone.
Concern about the protective ozone layer rose more recently when data (数据) from satellites and ground stations showed that ozone levels were dropping over areas other than Antarctica. Low ozone levels were recorded in the spring and summer over the United States and over other populated areas in the world.
Although many countries have already begun stopping the use of ozone destroying chemicals, the new findings are expected to advance the timetable for a total ban (禁止) of the chemicals.
1. The scientists have observed the ozone layer ________.A.since 1980 | B.since last winter |
C.for more than 30 years | D.for about one year |
A.do a lot of good to human beings in many ways |
B.protect humans from diseases caused by bad weather |
C.do a lot of harm to human beings in the summer-time |
D.protect humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation |
A.above Arctic during the winter in the mid-1980s |
B.above Antarctica during the winter in the mid-1980s |
C.over somewhere in the north of the equator in 1980 |
D.over the U.S.A in the summertime in the mid-1980s |
A.the changeable weather |
B.ozone-destroying chemicals |
C.chemicals from refrigerators |
D.chemicals from air conditioners |
6 . In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times taster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that"the production, distribution,and use of products-as well as management of the resulting waste-all result in greenhouse gas release." Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start-for instance,buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?
From the governments' point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
1. By mentioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that .A.the weight of e-goods is rather small |
B.natural minerals contain more precious metals |
C.E-waste deserves to be made good use of |
D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste |
A.from producers to governments |
B.from governments to producers |
C.from individuals to distributors |
D.from distributors to governments |
A.The increase in e-waste. | B.The creation of e-waste. |
C.The seriousness of e-waste. | D.The management of e-waste. |
7 . In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The
How did we
Another cause is our
Our appetite for new products also
All around the world, we can see the
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions
A.key | B.reason | C.project | D.problem |
A.gifts | B.rubbish | C.debt | D.products |
A.face | B.become | C.observe | D.change |
A.hide | B.control | C.replace | D.withdraw |
A.Thanks to | B.As to | C.Except for | D.Regardless of |
A.safe | B.funny | C.cheap | D.powerful |
A.love | B.lack | C.prevention | D.division |
A.sensitive | B.kind | C.brave | D.busy |
A.ways | B.places | C.jobs | D.friends |
A.donate | B.receive | C.produce | D.preserve |
A.adapts | B.returns | C.responds | D.contributes |
A.tired of | B.addicted to | C.worried about | D.ashamed for |
A.newer | B.stronger | C.higher | D.larger |
A.pick up | B.pay for | C.hold onto | D.throw away |
A.advantages | B.purposes | C.functions | D.consequences |
A.show | B.record | C.decrease | D.measure |
A.technology | B.environment | C.consumers | D.brands |
A.However | B.Otherwise | C.Therefore | D.Meanwhile |
A.by | B.in favour of | C.after | D.instead of |
A.spending | B.collecting | C.repairing | D.advertising |
1.对生活造成的影响;
2.建议采取的措施。
要求:1.词数100左右;
2.开头已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:零霾smog
Recently smog has occurred in many areas of China, _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
With the
Air pollution is caused by the following
We should take some measures to fight
With the development of industry,air pollution is getting more and more serious.In Shanghai,many people suffer from different kinds of illnesses because
Air pollution is