2 . 假定你是李华，你班同学在上周末进行了一个有关“Plastic Pollution”的街头采访。请你写一篇报道给校报的英语栏目投稿。内容要点如下：
1. 介绍活动；
2. 不同观点；
3. 发出呼吁。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 题目已为你写好。

An Interview about Plastic Pollution

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3 . Many of the negative impacts humans have on the environment are visible to the naked eye. Trash washes up on our beaches, the ice caps are visibly shrinking, and smog darkens our skies. But some environmental threat, such as microplastics, are nearly invisible.

The U. S. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration classifies microplastics as any piece of plastic less than five millimeters. Some are as small as three microns—half the size of a red blood cell. This comes from a variety of sources, including the microbeads found in cosmetics, paint, tire dust, industrial waste, and clothing.

These tiny fragments can become fixed in animals’ tissue through taking food or breathing. Various marine species, such as deposit-feeding lugworms, are shown to have microplastics in their intestinal tracts (肠道). The production and disposal of microplastics, among other unaware actions by humans, have played a significant role in boosting the worsening of marine ecosystems. But microplastics are not just a problem for marine life. Humans are consuming them too, sometimes through eating seafood containing microplastics.

Microplastics also run uncontrollably in drinking water. A 2017 investigation by Orb Media, which looked at tap water samples from over a dozen countries, found that 83 percent of the samples were contaminated with plastic fibers. Once taken, most of the microplastics stay in our systems forever, and little is known about their long term impact on our health.

Microplastic pollution is not an easy problem to deal with, but there are small changes that you can make to reduce your contribution to the problem. One strategy is to stop fibers before they enter the wastewater stream. Patagonia announced that it will sell the Guppy Friend, a bag that you can place clothing in before tossing it into the wash, which will prevent the fibers from being flushed away. You can also avoid buying any facial scrubs (面部磨砂膏) that use plastic microbeads. Lastly, you can reduce your plastic consumption and waste altogether by buying reusable water bottles and grocery bags, and being sure to always recycle any plastics you come across.

1. Why did the author mention the negative impacts visible to the naked eye?

A．To blame people for their behaviors

B．To show the notable threats on earth.

C．To stress the urgency of ecology protection.

D．To introduce the hidden dangers of microplastics.

2. What do we know about microplastics according to the passage?

A．They are so small that can be ignored.	B．They are produced by human deliberately.
C．They have a lasting effect on people’s body.	D．They gain attention for the bad influence.

3. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A．To promote the sales of a new type of bag.

B．To give ways to reduce microplastic presence.

C．To tell how to reduce waste and consumption.

D．To state the difficulties of decreasing microplastics.

4. Which statement is consistent with the idea conveyed in this passage?

A．Many hands make light work.	B．Constant dropping wears the stone.
C．Actions speak louder than words.	D．Practice makes perfect.

4 . For many people, it is hard to imagine what it is like to lose their sense of smell. Known as “anosmia”, loss of smell can have a substantial effect on our overall wellbeing and quality of life. But while a sudden respiratory infection (呼吸道感染) might lead to a temporary loss of this important sense, your sense of smell may well have been gradually eroding away for years due to something else- air pollution.

Exposure to PM2. 5 has previously been linked with smell loss, but typically only in occupational or industrial settings. But new research is now starting to reveal the true scale and the potential damage caused by the pollution we breathe in every day. On the underside of our brains lies the olfactory bulb (嗅球). This sensitive bit of tissue is essential for the enormously varied picture of the world we get from our sense of smell. It’s also our first line of defense against viruses and pollutants entering the brain. But, with repeated exposure to PM2. 5, these defenses slowly get worn down.

“Our data show there’s a 1.6 to 1.7-fold increased risk of developing anosmia with sustained particulate pollution (粒状物污染),” says Murugappan Ramanathan, a rhinologist. One Mexican study in 2006, which used strong coffee and orange odors showed that residents of Mexico City which often struggles with air pollution — tended to have a poorer sense of smell on average than people living in rural areas of the country.

So, should we care that air pollution to which we are all exposed -is damaging our sense of smell and causing anosmia? Clearly, the answer is yes. Ramanathan says, “Air quality matters. I think we need tight regulations and control. Many people may not even realize the pollution they are exposed to. But even the everyday, low level air pollution we are exposed to should be taken more seriously.”

1. What do the underlined words “eroding away” mean in paragraph 1?

A．Evolving.	B．Becoming weak.
C．Becoming sharp.	D．Appearing.

2. What can we infer from paragraph 2?

A．Exposure to PM2. 5 has nothing to do with smell loss.

B．The pollution we breathe in on a daily basis may cause harm.

C．Our nose stops viruses and pollutants from entering the brain.

D．Our defenses will disappear quickly with air pollution exposure.

3. What does the study reveal about people in Mexico City?

A．They have developed anosmia with air pollution.

B．Their sense of smell is poorer than rural people’s.

C．They often consume strong coffee.

D．They tend to have a good sense of smell.

4. What will the author probably talk about next?

A．How we should react to air pollution.

B．What we should do to protect the environment.

C．What steps we can take to recover from anosmia.

D．How we can improve our life quality.

5 . 听下面一段对话，补全句子。
W: Plastic is a huge problem for the earth. It takes hundreds of years to       1    .
M: I agree, but it’s unrealistic for us to live without it. It is     2     so many things.
W: Well, in the future, I hope we can find a better substance.

6 . Why is the fish in danger of dying out?

A．Because of over-fishing.

B．Because of water pollution.

C．Because of a natural disaster.

8 . 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。

1. What animal is in the video that the woman saw?

A．A duck.

B．A turtle.

C．A fish.

2. What do scientists think could happen by 2050?

A．There will be fewer fish in the sea than plastics.

B．50% of the fish in the ocean will die.

C．All businesses will stop using straws.

3. Where will the speakers go next?

A．To a restaurant.

B．To a gift shop.

C．To a coffee shop.

9 . Air pollution remains a critical health risk in the European Union, claiming over 500,000 lives in 2021, with findings suggesting nearly half of these could have been prevented if pollution were reduced to levels recommended by health experts. Data from the European Environment Agency (EEA) show that of these deaths, 253,000 were linked to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) going beyond the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline limit of 5 micrograms per cubic meter. These particles are especially dangerous as they can pass into the bloodstream and affect various organs. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone also contributed to the mortality (死亡频率) statistics, associated with 52,000 and 22,000 deaths respectively. The EU’s environment commissioner, Virginijus Sinkevicius, underlined that air pollution poses the top environmental health risk in the EU. Nevertheless, there is evidence of improvement, with deaths from PM2.5 decreasing by 41% between 2005 and 2021, and the EU targets a reduction of 55% by 2030.

In response to these concerns, the WHO, which updated its air quality guidelines in 2021, warns that no level of air pollution can be considered safe but has set upper limits for certain pollutants. The European Parliament vote to bring the EU’s air quality standards in line with the WHO but decided to delay doing so until 2035.

Sinkevicius said that air quality is indeed improving due to effective clean air policies. Beyond death counts, the EEA also assessed air pollution’s broader impact on diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes, stressing not only mortality but the quality of life impacts. EEA researcher Alberto Gonzalez Ortiz pointed to severe disability states caused by these conditions, worsened by air pollution.

The EEA’s comprehensive approach shows that while the fight against air pollution has seen progress, immediate action is still critical to reduce pollution and reduce its widespread effects on public health.

1. Why does the author mention specific figures in Paragraph 1?

A．To stress the risk of PM2.5 in the EU.	B．To illustrate the impact of air pollution.
C．To prove the improvement in air pollution.	D．To show the guidelines of EEA lose control.

2. What did the WHO do for the concerns?

A．It adjusted air quality standards accordingly.

B．It didn’t perform the new limits until 2035.

C．It claimed current pollution levels were relatively safe.

D．It decided to change the guidelines completely.

3. How did Sinkevicius feel about the air quality in the text?

A．Concerned about its policies.	B．Indifferent due to its level.
C．Uncertain about its impact.	D．Optimistic about its progress.

4. What is the main focus of the passage?

A．The impact of wise decisions on air pollution in the EU.

B．The specific health conditions worsened by air pollution.

C．The progress and challenges in dealing with air pollution.

D．The role of the WHO in establishing global health policies.