2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Imagine you are out fishing on the high seas - the wind and water are clean and comfortable and you begin bringing up your first catch of the day. That's when everything goes wrong. Your fishing nets are tangled up (缠成一团) in older, abandoned fishing tool, and you're unable to untangle them. Your equipment    1    (ruin), and all of the fish you have worked so hard to catch are trapped. They will die    2    you are unable to draw or free them. Ghost fishing has claimed yet another victim.

Ghost fishing is what abandoned fishing tool does. It still catches fish, but no one benefits. Trapped fish die and attract scavengers (清道夫)    3     also get caught, creating a vicious cycle. In fact, lost fishing tool, or "ghost tool," is among    4    (great) killers in the oceans. This tool further reduces the already declining number of fish.

Environmental agencies estimate that 10 percent of all seawater litter is lost or deserted fishing tool    5    (equal) 640,000 tons every year. Fortunately, these agencies are asking why this is happening and what    6     be done to stop it.

It's not the intention of the majority of fishermen to lose their tool. In most circumstances bad weather is to blame. But in other cases fishermen throw their tool in the ocean on purpose, risking expensive fines. But to them, it's worth the risk    7    (free) up space onboard, cut fuel costs or avoid paying handling fees.    8     equipment loss is accidental or not, a strategy involving tool identification seems to be a practical solution.

By marking tool with electronic tags and utilizing GPS technology, owners are more likely to recover lost tool and less likely to abandon it. Currently, ownership regulations are reportedly very weak. Leading the effort for tagging fishing tool and creating accountability is the GGTI (Global Ghost Tool Initiative).    9     (launch) in 2015, the GGTI is the first organization of its kind. It's brought together an organization of governments, fishing-industry executives, seafood companies and non-profits. Their efforts to get back and recycle the tool    10    (improve) marine environment, protecting fish and fishermen's way of life.

Ghost fishing poses a serious threat to the fishing industry worldwide, and a global effort is needed to solve it.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Live video provided by the plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) showed that    1    staff member turned on a seawater pump    2    around 1:00 pm local time (0400 GMT),    3    (mark)the beginning of the controversial ocean discharge, while concerns and opposition persisted among local    4    (fisherman)as well as in neighboring countries and Pacific island countries.

Under scorching heat, hundreds of Japanese from all across the country    5    (gather)in

front of the TEPCO headquarters in     6    (center)Tokyo on Thursday morning, demanding the Japanese government and TEPCO    7    (stop)the ocean release.

Taeko Fujimura with Japan's National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations, also known as Zen-Noh,said the ocean discharge "cannot be forgiven" and was "     8     (extreme) unreasonable."Fujimura stressed that the ocean discharge,    9    is to continue for at least 30 years, will cause    10    (significance)environmental damage." It will pollute the sea, the marine life within it, the environment, and the Earth."

8 . 原文语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Many people don’t think twice about dropping litter, believing it     1     (harm) due to its small size. However, in today’s world, this     2     (assume) is proven wrong. With the increasing use of plastic bags and the rise in smokers, litter production has surged. Cigarette butts, despite their size, harm the environment greatly.     3     (globe), around 4.3 trillion cigarette butts are discarded annually. These butts not only spoil the environment’s beauty but also contain toxic     4     (chemical), polluting water sources and     5     (endanger) wildlife. They can take up     6     25 years to decompose, posing a significant threat due to the large quantity     7     (litter). Plastic bags, easily carried by wind and water, travel long distances, reaching rivers, parks, beaches, and oceans,     8     they harm countless animals each year and can persist for hundreds of years. Charging for plastic bags and promoting reusable alternatives can mitigate their impact. Ultimately, preventing litter altogether and reducing plastic bag usage is crucial for environmental preservation.

9 . 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

There are     1     (vary) causes of water pollution. Large amounts of industrial waste poison the water after they enter water bodies. Moreover, animal and human waste pollutes the water. Water pollution is also caused by     2     (poison) chemicals used in agriculture.

    3     (pollute) water bodies not only do harm to animals and plants; they also have a long-lasting effect     4     humans. For example, in many parts of the world, the poor quality of the local     5     (drink) water gives rise     6     public health problems.

    7     (prevent) further damage     8     water bodies, it is necessary to take some measures. First, we must draw public attention     9    the problem. Second, more strict laws should    10     (pass) to help reduce water pollution. Third, we can volunteer to take part in clean-up activities.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The color of the ocean has changed     1     (great) recently and human-caused climate change is responsible, according to     2     new study.

More than 56% of the world’s oceans have changed color,     3     cannot be explained, said a team of researchers, led by scientists from the National Oceanography Center in the UK.

Tropical (热带的) oceans close to the equator     4     (become) greener in the last 20 years, according to the study     5     (publish) in the journal Nature.

“    6     is not clear exactly how these ecosystems are changing”, said Stephanie from the Center for Global Change Science. “All changes are causing an imbalance in the natural organization of ecosystems. Such imbalance will only get     7     (bad) over time if our oceans keep heating,” she told CNN.

Though the researchers are still working to understand exactly     8     the changes mean, they said what is clear is that the changes are being driven     9     human behavior.

The researchers studied changes in ocean color from space by     10     (watch) how much green or blue light is reflected from the surface of the sea.