1 . During the twenty years there has been increasing concern with the quality of the environment. Alone with air and water pollutants, noise pollution has been recognized as a serious pollutant. As noise levels have risen, the effects of noise have become more obvious.
Noise is defined as “unwanted sound”. Causes of noise pollution include traffic, aircraft, rock bands, barking dogs, televisions, garbage trucks, and noise from neighbors, voices, alarms, and watercrafts. Studies show that over forty percent of Americans are disturbed at home or lose sleep because of noise pollution.
Noise has bad effects on people and the environment. Noise causes hearing loss, interferes with human activities at home and work, and is in various ways dangerous to people’s health and well-being.
When we think, talk, listen to music, or sleep, we need quiet. Even low levels of noise can be annoying or frustrating. Sudden increases in volume can make sounds annoying. The quieter the background is, the more penetrating a noise can be.
Noise can also make instructions or warning unclear, resulting in accidents. Louder noise bursts can cause more problems. Continued stress caused by living in noisy conditions can lead to high blood pressure, which is the major cause of some diseases.
Long exposure to noise levels above eight-five decibels can damage inner cells and lead to hearing loss. Noise can result in the involuntary fear response and can cause adrenaline to be pumped into the bloodstream, the heart rate to quicken, muscles to tense, breathing to increase, and the digestive system to slow down.
Local government has the responsibility to fight noise pollution. For example, it can regulate the speed of trains through their community. On the other hand, a responsible citizen will never make noise pollution wherever he is.
1. What does the underlined word “penetrating” in paragraph 4 mean?| A．High and exciting. | B．Deep and shocking. |
| C．Loud and unpleasant. | D．Clear and comfortable. |
| A．Quickening the digestive system. | B．Having low blood pressure. |
| C．Slowing down the heart rate. | D．Breathing fast. |
| A．individuals and government should work together to reduce noise pollution |
| B．the government should offer its people better education on noise pollution |
| C．the government should be responsible for noise pollution |
| D．people who make noise pollution should be punished |
| A．Measurement of noise levels. | B．Bad effects of noise pollution |
| C．Hearing damage from environmental noise | D．Community reactions to noise |
2 . Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678,000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.
All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3,500, 000 tons. The waste includes bags, bottles and containers—plastic products of all kinds.
The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about 1,600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert, with light winds and slow moving water currents (流, 流动). The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.
In recent years, there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste, resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full, diminishing their desire to eat or drink.
The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection (感染) of disease from polluted waste, and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.
Its existence first gained public attention in 1997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier, another oceanographer learnt of the trash after a shipment of rubber duckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.
1. The first paragraph is written to .| A．lead in the topic of the text |
| B．inspire readers’ imagination |
| C．develop readers’ interest in Texas |
| D．talk about reasons for water pollution |
| A．Increasing. | B．Determining. |
| C．Weakening. | D．Reserving. |
| A．It gives rise to various diseases. |
| B．It does great harm to sea animals. |
| C．Causes of it still remain unknown. |
| D．Efforts to clear it have been made. |
| A．To warn people about dangers of diving in the ocean. |
| B．To explore the future of the North Pacific Ocean. |
| C．To call on people to protect ocean environment. |
| D．To display some facts about floating waste. |
3 . The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means.Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago,but it has brought new problems.One of the biggest problems is pollution.To pollute means to make things dirty.Pollution comes in many ways.We see it,smell it,drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth.The more people,the more pollution.Many years ago,the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people.When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place,man moved to another place.But this is no longer true.
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious.It's bad for all living things in the world,but it is not the only one kind of pollution.Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water.Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city,and from putting dirty smoke into the air.Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic.We are sure that if there are fewer people driving,there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home.We must take care of it.That means keeping the land,water and air clean.And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
1. _______,our world is becoming much smaller.| A．Because of the rise in pollution |
| B．Because of science development |
| C．Because the earth is being polluted day and night |
| D．Because the earth is blown away by the wind every year |
| A．rubbish（垃圾） |
| B．noise pollution |
| C．air pollution |
| D．water pollution |
| A．it makes much noise |
| B．it makes us angry more easily |
| C．it makes our rivers and lakes dirty |
| D．it's bad for all living things in the world |
| A．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. |
| B．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world population does. |
| C．Water pollution pollutes our drinking water and makes us angry more easily. |
| D．If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car,it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2. |
| 长江受污染的状况引起了世人的关注 | |
| 问题 | 1.用水量大增 2.排放到江里的有害物质和城市污水急剧增长 |
| 结果 | 1.众多鱼类和野生动物濒临灭绝 2.饮用水安全受到威胁 3.生态平衡遭到破坏 |
| 原因分析 | 1.迅猛的工农业发展 2.人口急剧增长 |
| 看法与建议 | 1. 2. |
As the third longest river in the world, the environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern both nationally and internationally.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
5 . Microplastic particles(微塑料颗粒)appear to be killing fish because some baby fish prefer to eat the particles rather than their actual food, researchers have warned.
With fears that the amount of plastic in the oceans could soon equal the weight of fish in the sea, scientists have become increasingly concerned about the effects on the marine environment.
Now a study published in the journal Science has found that baby perch(鲈鱼)will actively choose to eat plastic over the plankton they would normally feed on. The researchers said this greatly increased death rates of the perch, stopping their growth and appearing to change usually behavior. For example, they are losing the ability to smell a predator(捕食者), which makes them much more vulnerable.
For example, they seemed to lose the ability to smell a predator that made them much more vulnerable.
Professor Peter Eklov, a co-author of the Science paper, said: “This is the first time an animal has been found to prefer to eat plastic particles over food. Increases in microplastic pollution in the Baltic Sea and decreases of the coastal basic species(物种)have recently been noticed. When placed in a tank, perch exposed to microplastic were eaten four times more quickly than perch that had not been eating plastic.”
Fellow researcher Oona Lpnnstedt stressed the effects of fish eating large amounts of plastic were likely to be felt throughout the food chain. “If early life-history stages of other species are similarly affected by microplastics, this will in turn increase death rates, so the effects on marine ecosystems could be lasting,” she said.
Microplastic is produced as larger pieces of plastic waste are broken down in the environment, but large quantities of microfibers from synthetic clothes---materials essentially made of plastic---are produced each time they are washed and are small enough to pass through waste water treatment plants and get into the sea.
Cosmetics(化妆品)companies are also continuing to put microplastic pieces into their products, but the industry says it will try to stop using them by 2020.
1. What are the scientists worried about?
| A．The loss of food sources | B．The rising water temperature |
| C．Large amounts of plastic in the ocean | D．Fishes growing bigger and bigger |
| A．easily harmed | B．strong |
| C．active | D．well protected |
| A．Only species that eat plastic particles will be affected |
| B．Fish farming contributes much to the pollution of the food chain |
| C．Microplastic means the breakdown of large pieces of plastic |
| D．Products used in our daily life may produce microplastic |
| A．Let’s Protect the Marine Animals |
| B．Fish Prefer to Eat Plastic over Food |
| C．The Effects of Plastic Pollution |
| D．The Oceans Are Full of Microplastic Particles |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分
more tree，there will be less haze in their city. Trees can absorb exhaust fumes (尾气) from cars，thus reduce pollution. Second，the government should punish the factories where produce too many fumes. Exhaust fumes is the main cause of haze and do greatly harm to people’s health. Maybe we can move factories to areas where few people live. Third, I think it was a great idea to encourage people to use public transportation. Last but not least, we can call on citizens ride bikes if they travel short journeys.
7 . Nuclear power is the world's largest source of clean energy. Nuclear power plants(电厂) produce no controlled air pollutants, such as sulfur or greenhouse gases. The use of nuclear power in place of other energy sources helps to keep the air clean, preserve the earth's climate, and prevent acid rain.
However, there exist safety concerns if the plant is not operated correctly or unforeseen things happened when the plant was developed, as happened at the Fukishima(福岛) plant in Japan. It may cause damage to everything, including our health. Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no levels of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be serious. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed immediately. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(辐射)and feel fine, then die for cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
1. What can we infer from the passage?| A．We can’t detect radioactivity even with modern equipment. |
| B．Only radiation at very high levels can kill an animal or human being. |
| C．If a few cells are only damaged, healthy cells will take the place of dead ones. |
| D．Radiation is harmful no matter what level it is. |
| A．By killing many cells in important organs. |
| B．By killing a few cells. |
| C．By hitting any place in its body. |
| D．By damaging its heart. |
| A．die of cancer after many years |
| B．die immediately |
| C．have a child who may be born weak |
| D．all of the above |
| A．Discussing the cause of cancer. |
| B．Solving the mystery about radiation. |
| C．Emphasizing the importance of protection from radiation. |
| D．Introducing the nuclear power. |
8 . Clean water is not only important for food production, but necessary for our life. However, large numbers of people in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are going without. The World Health Organization reports that almost 4,000 children die each day for dirty water or lack of water.
Agriculture is the primary user of water at 70-85% of fresh water in the world. Industrial uses of water don’t often come to mind, but you may be surprised to know that industry uses 59% of the water supply in developed countries.
Home use takes up only 8% in the world. But as cities grow, the local government has to cut down on water use. Many cities are turning to privatization (私有化) of water as a method of controlling use. The poor are paying as much as a quarter of their monthly income for water in some developing countries.
In 60% of large European cities, groundwater is being used at a faster rate. People are saving water by simply using less and being careful with what they do use. Sometimes it’s as simple as not throwing out water that they could use elsewhere.
In Australia overuse of water has always been a problem. The Australian government has encouraged households and industries to collect rainwater and reuse water from showers. Technology is helping householders for shower and bath water for reuse in toilets or gardens.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has made a water saving program designed to encourage families and businesses to examine their water use and save more water. Good water management has been considered by scientists and the UN as the key to solving the water problem. We can all work together to protect our valuable water in our daily life.
1. In developed countries, most water is used by ______.| A．industry | B．agriculture |
| C．families | D．businesses |
| A．Find more groundwater. |
| B．Make good use of rainwater. |
| C．Encourage people to have fewer showers |
| D．Recycle water for a second use. |
| A．popularize privatization of water |
| B．cut down on water use at home |
| C．have good control over water use |
| D．introduce water-saving technologies |
| A．Water — the source of all lives |
| B．Save water, save the world |
| C．New ways to save water |
| D．Water and people’s health |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
This summer, I paid a visit in my hometown. What made me really sad was that it had changed a lot of.
In the past, my hometown was very beautiful, with small river run through the village. Tall and straight trees, beautiful flowers or green grass could be seen everywhere. Nowadays, therefore, with the development of modern society, people are living a “happy” life. Many tall buildings are found on both sides of the river, but the river has been bad polluted as waste water runs directly into it and there are now few fishes swim in it. It was time to take measure to protect our living environment.
10 . As the population of the planet increases, so does the number of homes, business, parking lots, schools, airports and roadways. All these structures use electricity and need to be lighted. Humans demand light. They want their homes more comfortable and they want their streets safe. The problem is that researchers are finding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well.
Less than 10 years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my own, lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attractive meteor shower(流星雨). If I did that today, I wouldn’t be able to see the meteor shower.
Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）pollution. One of the saddest parts of light pollution is that most of it is unnecessary and most of the outdoor light that we use is wasted. One only needs to look at a row of street lights to see how much of the lights shines upwards and lights the sky: a total waste of electricity.
Additionally, the production of electricity cr
eates pollution by releasing greenhouse gases. This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life.
Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife. Thousands of birds die each year when they crash into highly lighted buildings, as they become puzzled by the light. It has been long known that tiny baby sea turtles become lost and follow the light on the shore instead of heading towards the sea.
Fortunately, light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect. Following some guidelines and a little searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contribution to light pollution.
1. According to the passage, the best way to deal with light pollution is to ______.| A．Reducing the output of lights |
| B．Educating people about light pollution |
| C．Avoiding the use of unnecessary lighting |
| D．Inventing environmentally-friendly lights |
| A．Astronauts can’t see clearly in space nowadays |
| B．Global warming results in light pollution in some way |
| C．We are almost at a loss how to deal with light pollution |
| D．Some animals use natural light to direct their movements. |
| A．Benefits of searching on Google |
| B．More bad effects of light pollution |
| C．Helpful tips for suffering the Internet |
| D．Ways to decrease light pollution |
