2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Every year, more than 13 billion plastic bottles are sold in Britain. All of them     1     (use) only once, and only half of them are recycled.

Some think plastic bottles should be banned(明令禁止).     2     think they should be recycled. Others think a returning plan should be brought in to avoid the     3     (pollute) of rivers and seas. That is to say, people will get up to 20 pence back every time they return     4     bottle. A returning plan for bottles is already     5     (success) in Germany, where 98.5% of plastic bottles are returned.

    6     (lucky), there are already signs that things are changing for the better. Last year, Selfridges stopped     7     (sell) single-use water bottles. London Zoo announced that it would also ban them. It sold 155,000 plastic bottles of water last year. Now it will sell only reusable plastic bottles,     8     can be filled by visitors from taps. Families visiting beaches this summer are being asked to take part in a plan called “Return To Offender”. The idea is     9     (post) plastic bottles and other litter they find back to the     10     (company) that made them, using their freepost addresses.

4 . Plastic pollution has long been a problem, but now it's gotten to a new height literally. Microplastic, referring to plastic fragments and particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter, have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8,440 meters above sea level, just 408.86 meters below the peak of the mountain, according to a recent study published in the journal One Earth.

“These are the highest microplastics ever discovered so far.” lead author Imogen Napper from the University of Plymouth, UK, said in a statement. Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different locations from 4,200 meters above sea level all the way up to the summit of Mount Qomolangma. They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most polluted sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal, where most human activities on the mountain are concentrated. It had 79 particles of microplastics per liter of snow.

But how have these fragments made it all this way and in such a great abundance? The answer is apparent human activities. It is climbers who bring plastic products to the mountain. Even if they don't litter, just walking for 20 minutes or opening a bottle of water can release microplastics into the environment.

The harsh fact is that plastic pollution has reached even the most remote places on Earth. Researchers even found a plastic bag al the deepest point in the world's oceans—in the Mariana Trench, located in the Pacific Ocean. The bag is the same as the ones commonly used in grocery stores. Even covered in ice, the Arctic is still a victim of plastic pollution. A 2020 report published in Nature suggests that there are 2.000 to 17,000 plastic particles per cubic meter in Arctic ice cores, and between 0 to 18 microplastic particles per cubic meter from the water beneath ice floes. Experts think microplastics may be transported by air and then reach the North Pole in snowfall.

“What we don t yet fully know is the potential problems these tiny pieces of plastic could be having to ecosystems, to organisms and even to our own health as well,” said Christian Dunn of Bangor University, UK. Then what can we do? “We need to start focusing on deeper technological solutions that focus on microplastics, like changing fabric design and including natural fibers instead of plastic when possible.”

1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?

A．The polluted samples from the peak were the most serious.

B．Plastic pollution has been discovered at high altitudes.

C．Humans have .climbed to the peak of Mount Qomolangma.

D．Microplastics are a newly-found material by researchers.

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?

A．Microplastics may go far beyond the range of human activities.

B．The means of microplastics transportation has been confirmed.

C．There are frequent exchanges between Arctic ice cores and ice floes.

D．Bags from grocery stores are the main source of plastic pollution.

3. According to Christian Dunn, the key to addressing microplastic pollution is                    .

A．to prohibit the use of plastic products	B．to diversify the design of microplastics
C．to apply only natural fibrous alternatives	D．to develop more advanced technologies

4. Which of the following is the best title?

A．Litter in the Mariana Trench	B．New One Earth Campaigns
C．Pollution Reaches New Height	D．Adventurous Human Activists

5 . The French Danone company is the latest to replace some plastic water bottles with aluminum (铝) cans. Competitors like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestle have also started selling water in aluminum cans.

Replacing plastic water bottles that pollute the seas with recyclable aluminum cans should be an easy way to help the environment, right?

Maybe not.

Aluminum cans might result in less ocean waste, and the metal containers also are lighter than glass or plastic bottles, but they also come with their own cost to the environment. The production of an aluminum can is estimated to release two times as much carbon dioxide into the air as a plastic bottle.

“That’s the dilemma you’re going to have to choose between,” said Ruben Griffioen, an official at beermaker Heineken. He said his company was Lrying to reduce the use of plastic bottles.

Bruce Karas of Coca - Cola North America agreed. He said, “There’s a mix. There are some things that are not that desirable, but if you have five good things and one that isn’t, we’ll all have to make decisions.” He added, “It’ll never be that clean.”

Bottled water is a 19 billion industry. Although its use of cans is increasing, experts say cans are unlikely to completely replace plastic bottles.

Aluminum is costlier than plastic so canned drinks mean higher prices for buyers. Another major consideration is user convenience-cans stay open while bottles can be reclosed. More importantly, there is one barrier to ending the use of plastic water bottles: There may not be enough cans to go around. Beer and wine makers are now also increasingly using aluminum.

1. What’s the advantage of aluminum cans?

A．They are pollution-free.	B．They are lighter.
C．They are cost-effective.	D．They are low-carbon.

2. What is Karas’s attitude to replacing plastic bottles with aluminum cans?

A．Supportive.

B．Disapproving.

C．Neutral

D．Indifferent.

3. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．The wide application of aluminum cans.	B．The promising future aluminum cans
C．The major advantages of aluminum cans.	D．The unavoidable limitations of aluminum cans.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Aluminum Cans or Plastic Bottles?	B．A Blessing or a Misfortune?
C．How to Deal with Plastic Bottles?	D．Why Do We Choose Aluminum Cans?