2 . With roaring ships, hammering oil drill, industrial fishing and coastal construction, humans have strongly influenced the underwater soundscape over the past couple of hundred years — in some cases posting a threat to whales, dolphins and other ocean creatures. Until recently, underwater sound pollution had not attracted the same attention. Now, a new paper published in the journal Science lays out the impacts, demonstrating that noise pollution can be just as harmful to the ocean environment as other kinds of pollution.

Even the cracking of glaciers and any drop of rain falling on the water’s surface can be heard deep under the sea. Sea life uses sound to study their habitat, and to keep in communication with each other. They also use sound to know something about their environment. However, the loud noise from human beings would make it in vain.

“It’s a long-lasting problem that certainly weakens the animals all the way from individuals to populations,” says lead author Carlos M. Duarte, distinguished professor at Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), “We are hoping that this report will not only reveal elements of how humans impact the ocean through sound pollution, but that it will also bring the topic to the attention of policymakers who will be able to act based upon the very real solutions.”

Marine ecologist Kirsten Thompson of the United Kingdom’s University of Exeter, who was not involved in the study, said the report could not have come at a better time. “It summarizes the fact that we are in this new phase of human-caused noise in our oceans that is having a dramatic impact on different species.” What matters most, she notes, is the fact that the paper “doesn’t just point at the problem, but it shows how to solve it.”

Unlike plastic pollution or fertilizer runoff, noise pollution will not take years to fix. The moment we switch our noise off, the impact disappears, Duarte says, pointing to marine life surveys conducted around April 5, 2020. Having the world use more renewable energy would lessen the need to drill for oil and gas. The international team of researchers also called for a global regulatory framework for measuring and managing ocean noise.

1. Which of the following threatens ocean creatures?

A．Travel industry.

B．Human activities.

C．Construction companies.

D．Sailing off the coast.

2. Why noise pollution is harmful to the ocean environment?

A．Ocean animals can’t fall asleep.	B．It causes the cracking of glaciers.
C．It’s a signal to the lower sea level.	D．It disturbs the behavior of sea life.

3. What can we infer from Kirsten Thompson?

A．The solutions are already available.	B．She is one of the paper’s co-authors.
C．The report does not come at the right time.	D．The report has raised great attention from seamen.

4. What could be the best title for the passage?

A．Ocean noise is hard to root out.	B．Ocean noise has been addressed.
C．Formation of ocean noise is obvious.	D．Noise pollution threatens ocean creatures.

4 . If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的)species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.

The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences-called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.

In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.

We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Flying at night, birds tend to crash into brightly lit tall buildings

Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.

Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.

1. Why do we humans light up the night?

A．To go outside happily.	B．To adapt it for ourselves.
C．To prove the revolutionary fact.	D．To learn about nocturnal species.

2. The writer mentions birds and frogs to _________.

A．provide examples of animal protection

B．show how light pollution affects animals

C．compare the living habits of both species

D．explain why the number of certain species has declined

3. What can be implied in the last paragraph?

A．Human beings cannot go to the outer space.

B．Light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals.

C．Light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages.

D．Human beings should reflect on their position in the universe.

4. What might be the best title for the passage?

A．The Magic Light	B．The Orange Haze
C．The Disappearing Night	D．The Rhythms of Nature

5 . 语法填空

Ocean pollution     1     (be) serious. It can     2     (kill) ocean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.

Pollution in the oceans severely     3     (harm) sea creatures. For example, ocean animals often mistake pieces of plastic for food. As     4     result, their bellies     5     (fill) with plastic from bottles, containers and beach toys. This can be deadly to the animals.

Ocean pollution     6     (cause)risks to humans, too. Polluted water can result     7     disease among swimmers. Also, people eat fish which might     8     (poison) with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea water.

Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures killed by pollution prove them wrong.

In     9     (conclude), it’s clear that ocean pollution is a     10     (challenge)problem. We need to learn more about how to stop it.

6 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese。
如今，随着网购和物流业的发展包装的浪费现象十分严重。请你具体说明包装的浪费现象，并提出建议。你的文章必须包括：
1). 生活中此类浪费现象的具体表现；
2). 你对减少该现象的具体建议。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有 10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处. 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号 ( ∧ ), 并在其下面写出该加的词.
删除:把多余的词用斜线 (\)划掉.
修改:在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词.
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改 10 处, 多者 (从第 11处起 )不计分.

Hello, everyone! It is my honor to deliver a speech on keeping air clean. As is know to us, we humans can’t live without air, just as fish can’t live without water. However, the World Health Organization has recently announced a shocked study about the air we breathe. It has found that almost everyone on the earth breathe unhealthy air. The data is rough from 600 cities in 117 countries. The study shows that mostly of the world’s people breathe the air that it breaks WHO air quality limits. As a result, million of people die every scar because pollution - related diseases. Therefore, it was important for us to take action to solve the environment problems and keep the air clean.

8 . Many of us might not give a second thought to dropping a small piece of litter. After all, if it is so small, it cannot possibly be that harmful, can it? In today’s world, the answer is certainly “Yes, it can! “With the growing use of plastic bags and the rising number of smokers, there is more litter being produced than ever before.

Although cigarette butts are small, they are bad for the environment. Worldwide, about 4. 3 trillion cigarette butts are littered every year. As well as spoiling the beauty of the environment, they contain poisonous chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where they affect water quality and endanger plants and animals. Cigarette butts can take up to 25 years to break down, and the poisonous chemicals add up to a large amount with so many littered. So, if people want to smoke, they should dispose of the butts properly in a rubbish bin.

Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is dangerous to the environment. They are easily blown by wind and float in water, so they can travel long distances. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches and oceans, killing many birds, mammals, fish, and sea animals each year worldwide. They can last for hundreds of years in the environment. We should not let plastic bags become litter. We should use fewer plastic bags, and reuse and recycle what we have already used.

One way to reduce the use of plastic bags is to charge for them. Shops used to give plastic bags for free. But in some countries, including China, customers are now charged for each bag. Some shops also have a “bag -for-life “ scheme. They sell strong bags that can be reused, and they replaced them for free if the bags ever break.

Waste is a big problem for the environment, so we need to do something. Not littering at all or cleaning up “small waste” saves money spent on coping with litter properly. However, it would be better not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.

1. Small pieces of litter can be harmful because_________

A．Litter from smokers and plastic bags have greatly increased.

B．Plastic bags and litter are easily blown by wind and float in water.

C．Plastic bags and cigarette butts spoil the beauty of the environment.

D．Plastic bags and cigarette butts definitely contain poisonous chemicals.

2. What does the underlined words “dispose of’’ mean ?

A．set off

B．deal with

C．figure out

D．bring about

3. What may be the effective solution to the problems?

A．People recycle the used plastic bags and smoke less.

B．Shops offer the customers plastic bags free of charge.

C．Smokers leave cigarette butts regularly in a rubbish bin.

D．We all save money spent on disposing of litter properly.

4. Which can serve as the best title for the text?

A．More charge, less litter.

B．Strict control, little litter

C．Small waste, big problem

D．Small butts, bad environment

9 . Breathing dirty air can cost someone’s lifespan (寿命) months—even years, a new study finds. Worldwide, air pollution lowers average lifespans by a year. Scientists shared their new findings in Environmental Science & Technology Letters.

Air pollution (污染) has been linked to many health problems. Most earlier studies have looked at how tiny air pollutants affected rates of illness or death. But now an environmental scientist, Joshua Apte, is going even further. He works at the University of Texas, Austin. He together with his team is looking at life expectancy, hoping to make the threat easier to understand.

PM 2.5 is what scientists call tiny particles of pollution in the air. Higher levels of PM2.5 can cause health problems and cut months, if not years, from the average lifespan. This analysis shows pollution affects life expectancy in different parts of the world.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting PM 2.5 to 10 micrograms (微克) per cubic (立方) meter of air. Apte’s group used data to try to find how this low level would help people. But meeting the WHO standard won’t get rid of health damage from dirty air. That’s because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter pollution still causes huge risks.

Reducing air pollution could increase life expectancy. The scientists also compared how other threats shorten life spans across the globe. These risk factors included smoking and cancer.

These results show that in poor countries, cleaning up dirty air could greatly increase lifespans. It could have as big an effect as cleaning up drinking water, or curing lung cancer. However, in wealthier countries air pollution shortens life expectancy by less than half a year. All forms of cancer, in fact, shorten the average life expectancy by more than 3.5 years. “Knowing this can really help people. or policymakers, decide where to spend their money.” says Kirk Smith.

1. Why is Joshua Apte’s team carrying out the study?

A．Know how small air pollutants are.

B．Study many different healthy problems.

C．Let people understand air pollution better.

D．Study the life expectancy of different people.

2. What will happen if one country limits PM 2.5 to 10 micrograms per cube meter?

A．Its air is very clean.

B．It still has pollution risks.

C．It will get a prize from WHO.

D．Its people will live a healthy life.

3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．It’s very hard to clean up dirty air in a short time.

B．Lung cancer is the leading killer in all kinds of cancers.

C．Reducing air pollution can increase all people’s lifespans much.

D．The study will help different countries or people take different policies.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Air Pollution is Shortening Lives Worldwide

B．Many Factors are Affecting People’s Health

C．Governments are Trying to Make Lifespan Long

D．The Effect of Cancer is Worse than Dirty Air