1 . For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning.
Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
The Austrian psychologist; Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically.
The Swiss psychiatrist (精神病学家) Carl Jung was once a student of Freud’s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.
Can dreams help us understand ourselves?
A.The people in men’s dreams are often other men. |
B.His research shows that one’s dream is often based on the reality. |
C.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. |
D.Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. |
E.Others believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions. |
F.In his book, Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. |
G.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. |
2 . Many of us seem to have lives that follow a certain way. From kindergarten all the way to getting married, every stage of our lives seems to be preset (预置). And although this works well for a lot of people, according to British scholar Jay Shetty, there is no “right” schedule to live our lives by.
A few months ago, a video of Shetty’s speech “Before You Feel Pressure” became popular on the Internet across the world. In the video, he sends an important message that we should think “outside of the way” and have the courage to follow our hearts. As Shetty says in the video, we don’t have to get stressed and put ourselves in the race with our peers (同龄人) or judge our lives based on others’. “Everything in life happens according to our time, our clocks,” he says.
In his inspiring speech, Shetty points out that UK author J. K. Rowing got her famous “Harry Potter” series published at age 32, after being turned down by 12 publishers. Shetty also mentions that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Group until he was 35 years old. So we shouldn’t let anyone rush us.
As physicist Albert Einstein once said, “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that is counted truly counts. The key to staying on our own tracks is to be patient and keep our own interest.” In Australian nurse Bronnie Ware’s best-selling book “The Top Five Regrets of the Dying”, she recorded the dying regrets of her patients, and the top one on the list was: “I wish I had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the one others expected of me.”
Indeed, we are all unique in our personalities and gifts, and there is no perfect fit for all. We should listen to our inner voices and ignore what the world has taught us, and what we have picked up from people around us. “It is important to allow people to go back to being self-aware of their own interests, needs and concerns”, Shetty told the magazine. “It’s disconnecting from what makes sense to what actually moves you and what makes sense internally (内在的).”
1. What does Jay Shetty agree to?A.All people live their lives according to schedules. |
B.The stages of our lives should be preset. |
C.Few people have lives that follow a certain way. |
D.We can live our lives not according to the given way. |
A.To show everyone can be a winner. |
B.To show great new life can begin anytime. |
C.To show hard work is the key to success. |
D.To show success does not happen in one’s youth. |
A.The top dying regret was not living the life people wanted. |
B.We should count and analyze everything in life. |
C.One should live a life as expected by others. |
D.Everything that is counted truly counts. |
A.people should listen to others’ advice |
B.we should follow the heart and do what we want to do |
C.what makes sense should not be about what people care internally |
D.needs and concerns are not acceptable |
3 . Making employees feel happy and healthy at work is good for many businesses. But it isn’t always an easy thing. A research suggests that just 33% of the U. S. employees consider themselves fully engaged (投身于) at work, while 16% are actively disengaged, and 51% are just showing up.
But there is an exception. When it comes to employee engagement, it seems that employees in small companies are doing better. According to the same research, the largest U. S. companies have the lowest levels of engagement, while companies with fewer than 25 employees have the highest. And in one recent report, 75 percent of small business workers surveyed said they were “very” or “extremely” satisfied with their role as a small company employee.
Unlike big companies, small companies are often short of resources but the employees can get more surprises there. Small companies offer excellent career opportunities to their employees. The bosses often know their staff very well and understand their personal needs. Employees of small companies are more likely to receive free meals, paid leave, and they can even bring their pets to work.
But of course, there’re many other draws in small businesses. One of the top draws is flexible scheduling (弹性工时). Another is being able to really see the fruits of one’s labor. Besides, noncash award is also a big draw. This could be something small that reflects employees’ interests and lifestyles.
While a parental leave might lead to some financial problems, small companies may do something to improve it. “It may be impossible for a five person team to be reduced to four for six months,” writes Camilla Velasquez, head of HR management platform Just works. “But it could be possible to allow new parents to take on reduced hours in a work from home environment.” This kind of method has been realized in some small companies.
1. What can we infer from Paragraph 2? ______A.Employees can develop better in small companies. |
B.Employees can earn more money in small companies. |
C.Employees in big companies are hard to be satisfied. |
D.Employees in small companies are more engaged at work. |
A.The benefits of working for small companies. |
B.The differences between small and big companies. |
C.What challenges staff in small companies may face. |
D.Why small companies are short of resources. |
A.Choices. | B.Attractions. | C.Difficulties. | D.Competitions. |
A.Small companies may have more employees with much happiness. |
B.Big companies should learn from some small companies. |
C.Employees should have their own hobbies and lifestyles. |
D.Employers should pay more attention to the staff’s needs. |
1. 内卷严重;
2. 分析利弊;
3. 你的观点。
参考词汇:内卷 involution
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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5 . Food waste across the globe continues to fuel climate change, nature loss and pollution while hurting the global economy according to the UNEP Food Waste Index Report 2024, which says it is important for countries to connect the fight against hunger and the three global crisis of climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss.
The report, whose findings revealed that the total food loss on the global economy is estimated at roughly $1 trillion, emphasized that reducing food waste is an opportunity to reduce costs and tackle some of the biggest environmental and social issues of our time: climate change and food insecurity.
While making opening remarks at the conference that launched the report, Dechen Tsering, acting director of the climate change division at the UNEP, said government polices, such as tax rebates (退税) and waste collection fees, could be used to stimulate changes in business practices and consumer behavior. In addition, better data on the cost of food waste and the environmental, economic, and social benefits of limiting food waste could help influence investors and consumers.
According to the report, as of 2022, only 21 countries had included food loss and waste reduction in their national climate plans, including China, Namibia, Sierra Leone, etc. Meanwhile, the number of people who are food insecure and in urgent need of humanitarian assistance in the Greater Horn of Africa rose to 74 million at the end of February, according to another report released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other agencies.
The international agencies said that the 2023 El Nino rains contributed to the rise in the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance in the region. With wetter-than-normal conditions forecast in most parts of African countries during the 2024 March-May rainfall season, the situation may not improve.
1. What does the Report 2024 indicate?A.Food loss is the biggest problem to tackle. |
B.Serious pollution can cause food insecurity. |
C.Food waste worsens the environmental situation. |
D.Many countries are cooperating to fight against hunger. |
A.Effective measures should be taken by government. |
B.Unnecessary costs in climate lead to development problems. |
C.Data make no sense to consumer behavior and investors’ decision. |
D.Avoiding waste collection fees is beneficial to limiting food waste. |
A.Humanitarian assistance is the only way to help African people. |
B.Food insecurity is still a big challenge to many African countries. |
C.The situation of food waste in Africa becomes more and more severe. |
D.The number of people needing help is increasing mainly due to bad weather. |
A.To reveal the urgent financial situation in Africa. |
B.To stress the necessity of food waste prevention. |
C.To call for the joint efforts of governments in climate. |
D.To raise the awareness of environmental conservation. |
1. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A.Advertising benefits. | B.Consumer habits. | C.Unnecessary spend. |
A.For more purchase. | B.For better service. | C.For higher price. |
A.Physical cash. | B.Credit card. | C.Digital wallet. |
7 . For most of history, people lived in small groups of up to 150 people. Then villages and small towns developed, offering safety and support through the sharing of resources. As time passed, urban living brought additional advantages such as better jobs, schools and healthcare. Larger towns also gave people more chances to meet and interact. This is important.
Today, over half of the world’s population currently lives in towns and cities. But this has resulted in a strange paradox (悖论). Although social opportunities are one reason people choose to live in large cities, research suggests that city life can be lonely.
The development of virtual communities can be traced back to the 1860s. Back then, telegraph operators exchanged messages and gradually formed friendships over long distances.
These days, there are thousands of virtual communities and that number keeps growing. Many people believe they will become more important.
A.This trend, however, is not likely to continue. |
B.As Aristotle said, the nature of humans is to be social. |
C.That may explain why virtual communities are so popular. |
D.The first popular online communities developed in the 1980s. |
E.Before cell phones existed, radio was an easy way to communicate. |
F.Nevertheless, others worry about problems with these communities. |
G.This is among the earliest examples of virtual community interactions. |
8 . The parents’ interpersonal strength, such as kindness, love, and social intelligence, is one of the salient points in nurturing their children. As social psychologist John Bowlby puts it, “We do as we have been done by.”
Here is the example of my grandmother. When other children came over to play with my mother, my grandmother would fix them delicious butter sandwiches-the crusts (面包皮) delicately removed from the bread for “the guests” but unavoidably left on for her own children. This is how we ought to treat guests in our home-guests are worthy of kindness, but you are not. The kindness that my grandmother modeled and instructed her children to emulate (效仿) was not ultimately what they experienced - kindness was seen but not felt.
Generally, we often treat others the way we ourselves were treated. So much of what we learn as children and adults is experience-dependent. First-hand experience, especially when repeated over time, literally shapes the brain and nervous system, with downstream consequences for the way we engage with the world around us, deal with emotions, and behave socially.
We don’t learn to love by being instructed to love; we learn to love by experiencing love. We don’t learn kindness by being told to be kind; we learn kindness by experiencing kindness in our darkest moments. Recent research shows that children who received help while playing a game were more likely to share with another child, possibly motivated by feelings of gratitude to the person who helped them. They could learn that they don’t just repay the kindness but they need to pay it forward.
This transforms one of the key questions about raising kids: Perhaps we should ask not how to teach our children kindness, but how we want our children to experience kindness from us. If we want to create a kinder society, we might start with policies that ensure kinder treatment of kids. This means reimagining our education and foster care systems around compassion and support. Science tells us that experiences of kindness in childhood have long-term, biological, intergenerational effects on children’s development; our parenting and political systems should reflect the science.
1. What does the underlined word “salient” in the first paragraph mean?A.Obvious. | B.Important. | C.Interesting. | D.Controversial. |
A.Understandable. | B.Instructive. | C.Disappointing. | D.Impractical. |
A.Action speaks louder than words. |
B.Kindness makes better cooperation. |
C.It is important to repay others’ kindness. |
D.Gratitude is a motivation for helping others. |
A.To give suggestions on parenting. |
B.To call on people to learn science. |
C.To show the advantages of being kind. |
D.To offer evidence supporting his point of view. |
9 . Wall Street bankers, investors and economists have for months argued over whether a US recession (衰退) is coming. But for some Americans, the unforgiving economic pain typical during recession has already set in.
Al Brown and his wife faced a tough call in May when reviewing their weekly budget: what’s a higher priority, more food or dish soap? Based in Concord, North Carolina, Brown was the main breadwinner for his wife and their two children. Then in April, he was let go from his job as a global director of business development at software company Cascade. He’s since quit his gym membership and sold various items around his home, including a computer and yard furniture. His 13-year-old son quit the basketball team.
Brown, 37, now spends his days searching the internet for jobs or reaching out to potential connections. After filing over 600 applications, only a handful have produced interviews. That’s a far cry from the labor-market strength described in government figures.
Investors and economists have been expecting a recession since last year as the Fed raised interest rates to control inflation (通货膨胀). That caused companies to focus on profitability over growth, which meant cutting spending and reducing their workforces.
“I think it’s unlikely that I will get another good paying job with great benefits like the one I had,” McCollum, who lives in Cleveland, Ohio, said. More Americans are likely to encounter similar cases, some experts predict.
“As we go through this year, and into next year, there is still going to be this focus on trying to reduce costs, and it is going to result in more unemployment,” said Thomas Simons, a senior economist at Jefferies. “The impact of layoffs, currently concentrated among white-collar workers, will last throughout the economy through a ‘big pullback in overall spending’,” Simons said. “Consumer spending accounts for about two-thirds of economic output, so if more Americans are forced to cut back because they were laid off, that might throw the US economy into a recession.”
1. What are some Americans currently going through?A.They can’t afford necessities of life. | B.They’ve lost interest in high-end gyms. |
C.They are badly treated by their bosses. | D.They have difficulty making ends meet. |
A.One should try various ways to find a job. |
B.American labor market is not that friendly to job-seekers. |
C.Few companies are interested in middle-aged job-hunters. |
D.The government provides accurate figures of the job market. |
A.By employing more workers. | B.By changing interest rates. |
C.By giving priority to profits. | D.By cutting employees’ allowances. |
A.Laid-off workers tend to go into debt. |
B.Lower consumption may worsen the current situation. |
C.Americans will spend more to increase economic output. |
D.Companies are to blame for the unemployment of white-collar workers. |
10 . “What do you want to be when you grow up?” When I was a kid, I
Now, as an organizational psychologist, my job is to fix other people’s jobs, and I’ve come to believe that asking youngsters that question does them
My first complaint about the question is that it
The second
If you manage to
Asking kids what they want to be leads them to
A.considered | B.feared | C.explained | D.recalled |
A.average | B.humble | C.heroic | D.romantic |
A.harm | B.good | C.wrong | D.honour |
A.forces | B.troubles | C.commands | D.forbids |
A.status | B.experience | C.worth | D.fame |
A.rejected | B.accurate | C.confirmed | D.acceptable |
A.thought | B.division | C.assumption | D.problem |
A.picking up | B.searching for | C.praying for | D.taking over |
A.bored | B.impatient | C.intolerant | D.confused |
A.strengthen | B.control | C.build | D.overcome |
A.efforts | B.struggles | C.ambitions | D.gains |
A.ideal | B.permanent | C.ordinary | D.specific |
A.benefit | B.outcome | C.solution | D.truth |
A.boost | B.contain | C.guarantee | D.affect |
A.refuse | B.claim | C.keep | D.ignore |