1 . Climate experts have warned about the many ways a warming planet can negatively affect human health. ________ global temperatures are predicted to increase by 1.5℃ by the 2030s, that risk is becoming increasingly real.

One long-held prediction that appears to be coming true — according to the results of a study recently published in Nature Scientific Reports — is how climate change might enhance ________ of bacteria that thrive and spread through warm sea waters and cause an infection with a particularly high ________ rate.

Vibrio vulnificus (创伤弧菌) flourishes in salty or brackish waters above 68℉. Infections are currently rare in the U.S., but that’s likely to change. Using 30 years of data on infections, scientists at the University of East Anglia in the U.K. found that Vibrio vulnificusis ________ from its historic Gulf Coast range, with more Northern states reporting infections as waters become warmer.

“We’re seeing the core ________ of infections extending to areas that traditionally have very few and very rare cases,” says Elizabeth Archer, a Ph.D. researcher and ________ author of the study. “But these areas are now coming into the main area of infections.”

Based on the latest data on how much the world’s water and air temperatures will rise, the scientists predict that by 2081, Vibrio vulnificus infections could reach every state along the U.S. East Coast. Currently, only about 80 cases are reported in the U.S. each year; by 2081, that could go up to over three-fold, the authors say.

Such a proliferation could have serious health consequences. Vibrio vulnificus kills approximately 20% of the healthy people it infects, and 50% of those with weakened immune systems. There is little evidence that antibiotics can ________ the infection, but doctors may prescribe them in some cases. People can get infected either by eating raw shellfish like oysters or by exposing small ________ to waters where the bacteria live, which can lead to serious skin infections.

Warming sea temperatures aren’t the only reasons behind the rise of Vibrio vulnificus. Hotter air also draws more people to the coasts and bays, bringing them into closer contact with the bacteria.

“The bacteria are part of the natural marine environment, so I don’t think we can ________ it from the environment,” says Archer. “It’s more about mitigating infections by increasing ________ of the risk.”

To alert people to the growing threat, ________ systems are needed to track when concentrations of bacteria start to rise, similar to currently available pollen and pollution alarm.

Vbrio vulnificus is so ________ to temperature changes that concentrations could bloom after even a day of warmer water, so consistent monitoring and alerts are critical, says Iain Lake, professor of environmental epidemiology at University of East Anglia and senior author of the paper.

Lake says the expansion of Vibrio vulnificus is concerning for public health since the bacteria are now invading waters closer to heavily ________ areas, such as New York and Philadelphia. “Everyone can get a Vibrio vulnificus infection,” he says. “But the more ________ there is between warmer waters and people, the more the bacteria can move into populations ________ the elderly and those with other health conditions, who are more vulnerable to infections.”

5 . It may be difficult to understand non-verbal messages because different cultures have different expectations about eye contact, physical _________, etc.

Let’s consider eye contact. Children from many Latin American and Asian _________show respect by avoiding the glance of important persons. A teacher who’s_________with this, however, might consider the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect. For many American Indian children, _________a teacher in the eye and answering her question in front of the class is “showing off”.

Culture greatly_________attitudes towards physical contact, whether it’s a handshake, hug, or pat on the back. In Asia, female friends _________hold hands and men casually(随便地) hug one another as they walk down the street. Americans, however, may feel uncomfortable with such public behavior. In some Asian cultures, affectionately patting a(n) _________head is strictly taboo(禁忌的), _________it can be acceptable behavior between adults and young children.

How close should people stand to each other when they’re having a conversation? In areas of the Middle East and South America, people stand very close when _________. Europeans like to have __________distance between them, while some Africans __________even more space. You can create great discomfort by standing too close to another person. Not being __________of this can even prevent someone from understanding or __________the ideas you’re trying to get across.

To create a positive environment for communication, your non-verbal message must closely __________your verbal message. One way to do this is to carefully observe how children and families speak and behave around each other and with people they respect. This can __________clues about the true meaning of their non-verbal interactions.

6 . The other day, I was looking at my schedule for the summer. I had a moment of ________, realizing I’d be without my laptop for two weeks during our family camping trip.

You might be thinking my response sounds ________ and that two weeks with no pressure to work, just relaxing in nature is the time to ________ and restore one’s brain and body. I used to be a workaholic (工作狂). So taking two weeks off from my business made me________.

I know I’m not________ here in our busy world. To work hard is especially significant for high-achieving people to ________ in their careers. We live in a culture that ________ the state of being busy. There might have been many times when you ________some relatives or friends on the street and heard they said they were very busy when asking about their recent situations. Being busy is the new________. Therefore, when we’re not busy, we feel like we’re doing something wrong.

I’m not saying working all the time makes us feel OK. Taking a break bring us ________. We’ll be more________ after relaxing, thus having more novel ideas. Iceland has ________a 4-day work week for 2,500 people. A study by Stanford University found that their________ didn’t decline; they reported a better work-life balance.

Our brains aren’t ________ to work all the time. Working hard enough to pass our limits will unavoidably lead to burnout.________, we should give ourselves a break once in a while.

7 . It’s Time for Apple to Build a Less Addictive iPhone

It’s not Apple’s fault that you feel enslaved by your phone. But the company giving the world the modern smartphone has a perfect opportunity to create a brave and groundbreaking new _____ on that device: a phone that encourages you to use it more thoughtfully, more deliberately — and a lot less.

Tech “addiction” is a topic of rising _____. The issue isn’t really new. Researchers who study how we use digital technology have for years been warning of its potential _____ effects on our cognition, psyche and well-being. They’re worried about distraction, productivity, how social networks alter our emotional lives and relationships, and what they’re doing to children.

Companies that make money from your _____   — that is, ad-supported apps like Facebook and YouTube — now _____ armies of people who work with supercomputers to hook you even more deeply into their services. Sure, we should call on them to act more _____ — and Facebook, for its part, has said it’s willing to lose money to improve its users’ well-being — but will they be able to suppress their economic interests?

Government _____ and more restraint from users might also help. The former is unlikely and the latter is insufficient. So who’s left? The same company that always seems to _____ when it’s time to cross into a new era of technology: Apple.

Apple isn’t responsible for the excesses of the digital ad business. _____ , it still has a moral responsibility to — and a business interest in — the well-being of its customers.

While Apple is not part of the ad business, it has lots of ______ over it. Every tech company needs a ______ on the iPhone or iPad; this means that Apple can set the rules for everyone. A single update to its operating system, ______ , could curb some of the worst excesses in how apps monitor and notify you to keep you ______ (as it has done, for instance, by allowing ad blockers in its mobile devices). As smartphone makers tend to copy Apple’s best inventions, whatever Apple did to reduce our dependence on our phones, others will soon ______ .

Another thing that Apple is good at is marketing. It could easily make a lot of ads showing people getting more out of iPhones and iPads by ______ from them for a little while. Note that it already sells a device, the Apple Watch, whose marketing praises the magic of leaving your phone behind.

How we live with technology is the cultural issue of the next half-century. Let’s hope it’s working on something grand.

8 . As is known to all, a large number of Chinese students are studying abroad. The United States has always been a hot choice for Chinese students to begin their college studies. But now more and more Chinese parents are ________ sending their kids there for senior high school as well. They believe this will make ________ easier for their children to ________ top universities in the United States later.

Wenhui Daily carried an article on Sunday saying that ________ there are many advantages to this approach, some negative side effects may also ________.

The article quotes Zhang Hengrui, a consulting expert, ________ that the experience of studying in U.S. high schools can help universities better recognise students’ scores, behaviour and achievements. It will also do good for students to be more ________. All these can make students more ________ than   children who choose to study in domestic (国内的) high schools when applying to U.S. universities.

But the expert says ________ children begin senior high school at around 15 or 16, careful preparations should be made to ________ negative effects that may occur when they find themselves in a ________ unfamiliar place.

The expert offers two ________. First, parents should tell their children the purpose of studying in a foreign high school ________. Second, after the kids go abroad, parents should be kept ________ of their children’s situation and offer care and ________ from home.