1.郑和是谁;
2.郑和的主要贡献;
3.郑和的影响。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Jerry,
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Yours,
Li Hua
2 . In the fall of 1915, polar explorer Ernest Shackleton’s ship Endurance (耐力号) sank off the coast of Antarctica. While all of the expedition’s 28 crew eventually were rescued, the ship’s final resting place has remained a much-discussed maritime mystery. That is, until today. A team of researchers has announced they’ve located the wreck at the bottom of the Weddell Sea, almost the northernmost part of Antarctica.
Endurance was backed by the British government and private donors and supported by Winston Churchill to deliver a group of explorers to the coast of Antarctica and then travel overland across the continent via the South Pole.
It set out from South Georgia on December 5, 1914, shortly after the outbreak of the First World War. But the enemy that Shackleton and his men faced was of a different sort. The Weddell Sea, covering an area of more than a million square miles, is one of the most remote and unforgiving environments in the world, littered with icebergs and roiled by strong surface winds. Shackleton called it “the worst sea in the world.”
The expedition made good progress at first, but as the Antarctic winter of 1915 closed in, the men found themselves trapped in the sea ice on Tuesday, October 26. The next day, the men removed tools, instruments, and provisions and set up camp on the ice floe. Endurance finally sank on November 27. Shackleton famously said, “What the ice gets, the ice keeps.” . But Endurance’s story did not end with the ship’s sinking.
In 2019, the Falklands Heritage Maritime Trust began its first expedition to find the ship but had been unable to locate the wreck. This winter, they tried again, organizing and funding Endurance22.
One of the toughest problems, besides the sea ice, was establishing the ship’s location. After Endurance was initially trapped in the ice, it continued to drift as the floes moved with the current. Due to poor visibility on the day the men abandoned the ship, however, the captain had been unable to take proper measurements that would help calculate the direction and speed of the floes.
1. Which can show the positions of Weddell Sea and Antarctica?A. | B. |
C. | D. |
A.Endurance hasn’t been found since the fall of 1915. |
B.Endurance was only supported by Winston Churchill. |
C.Ernest Shackleton died and sank off the coast of Antarctica in the fall of 1915. |
D.Ernest Shackleton’s goal was to travel across the Antarctica via the South Pole. |
A.The sea ice. |
B.The Antarctic winter. |
C.The things they carried. |
D.The captain’s unreasonable command. |
A.The way how to establish the ship’s location. |
B.The reason why locating the ship is difficult. |
C.The measurements that the captain took to locate the ship. |
D.The time when Endurance22 was organized and funded. |
1. 中美两国球员之间的 “乒乓外交” 始于 1971 年日本名古屋 (Nagoya) 世乒赛,并直接促成了尼克松 (Richard Nixon) 总统 1972 年的访华破冰之旅;
2. 邀请他在方便的时候来中国进行训练和比赛。
注意:1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: the Ping-Pong Diplomacy 乒乓外交
Dear Mike,
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Yours,
Li Hua
4 . Recently-leaked historical documents revealed that there were dozens of attempts by German Resistance almost killing Hitler.
If the Munich agreements of Sept. 29, 1938 had not given Hitler the fruits of war with Czechoslovakia without war, some generals might have
Eight days later, as Hitler entered a military exhibition, an officer
A 24-year-old captain shocked by Nazi’s cruelty, instantly
If it had not been unusually hot on July 20, 1944, Hitler’s conference with Stauffenberg and others would have been held in a concrete basement, which would have
A.resigned | B.rejected | C.rebelled | D.retired |
A.force | B.strength | C.power | D.energy |
A.prepared | B.assigned | C.suggested | D.scheduled |
A.regulation | B.security | C.management | D.atmosphere |
A.aboard | B.around | C.along | D.across |
A.plane | B.fuse | C.bomb | D.cargo |
A.set | B.opened | C.pulled | D.lit |
A.nature | B.instinct | C.character | D.intelligence |
A.agreed | B.decided | C.declined | D.admitted |
A.in | B.by | C.at | D.on |
A.leap | B.look | C.call | D.lean |
A.postponed | B.canceled | C.extended | D.delayed |
A.prevented | B.strengthened | C.reserved | D.improved |
A.Meanwhile | B.Still | C.Instead | D.Furthermore |
A.died | B.remained | C.departed | D.survived |
Sugar cane cultivation(甘蔗种植) originated in southwest Asia, where Marco Polo reported in his
In the fourteenth century, the island of Cyprus was the location of major sugar farms,
Brown sugar
6 . Mention the terms Italian culture and Renaissance art and one is immediately reminded of the mysterious smile of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.
The Renaissance had a deep effect on the development of European culture. Having its beginnings in Italy, by the 16th century, it had spread to the rest of Europe. Its influence was felt in different fields such as philosophy, literature, religion, science, politics, and, of course, art. The scholars of the Renaissance period applied the humanistic method to every field of study, and wanted to have human emotion and realism in art.
Renaissance scholars studied the ancient Latin and Greek texts, searching the libraries of Europe for works of ancient times that had become obscure, in their hunt for reforming and perfecting their worldly knowledge. However, that does not mean that they refused religion. In fact, many of the greatest works of the Renaissance period were devoted to it, with the church supporting a lot of the works of Renaissance art. However, there were slight changes in the manner in which the scholars began to treat religion, which affected the cultural life of society, which in turn influenced the artists of that period and therefore was reflected in their art.
In Raphael’s The School of Athens, for example, some well-known people were described as classical scholars with Leonardo da Vinci given as much importance as Plato in his time. Giotto di Bondone, 1266-1337, a Florentine, who is regarded as the greatest Italian painter just earlier than the Renaissance period, is thought to be the first artist who treated a painting as a window into space.
However, it was only after the writings of Filippo Brunelleschi, 1377-1446, who is considered the first great builder of the Italian Renaissance, that perspective (透视法) was formally accepted as an artistic technique.
1. What makes Italy stand out in a way in world history?A.Its artists during the Renaissance were numerous. | B.It was the center of the European countries. |
C.It had many famous inventors in different fields. | D.It was home to the Renaissance. |
A.meaningless and hard to recognize | B.clear and meaningful to guiding people |
C.unclear and difficult to understand or see | D.easy to understand but having little meaning |
A.After the completion of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. |
B.After Leonardo da Vinci’s being compared to Plato. |
C.After Giotto di Bondone’s paintings were respected. |
D.After Filippo Brunelleschi’s completing his writings. |
A.Italy’s Renaissance art and artists | B.the famous artists in Italy’s history |
C.Italy’s influence on the world in culture | D.the hardships during the Renaissance in Italy |
In an afternoon of 1929, a farmer and his son in a village of China’s Sichuan Province accidentally discovered a true wonder of civilization when
Sichuan Province and its capital Chengdu are a focal point for
Treasures
8 . Did Tea and Beer Bring About Industrialization?
Professor Macfarlane has spent decades trying to understand the mystery of the Industrial Revolution. Why did it happen in Britain at the end of the 18th century?
Macfarlane compares the question as a puzzle. He
Historians had noticed one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required the
Macfarlane looked to Japan, which was also developing large cities at the same time. Waterborne diseases were far fewer in Japan than in Britain. Could it be the
A.claims | B.rejects | C.proposes | D.suspects |
A.objections | B.arguments | C.complaints | D.conditions |
A.take off | B.keep up | C.look over | D.knock out |
A.task-based | B.self-centered | C.market-driven | D.man-made |
A.inferred | B.convinced | C.concerned | D.impressed |
A.intention | B.discussion | C.attention | D.explanation |
A.temporarily | B.deliberately | C.economically | D.doubtfully |
A.predicted | B.revealed | C.concluded | D.reviewed |
A.spreading | B.catching | C.discovering | D.controlling |
A.introduced | B.reduced | C.uncovered | D.avoided |
A.sacrifice | B.variety | C.quality | D.popularity |
A.arrangement | B.expectation | C.coincidence | D.suspension |
A.guesses | B.declares | C.boasts | D.modifies |
A.entitled | B.deleted | C.described | D.simplified |
A.guidance | B.observation | C.impression | D.logic |
It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of the Notre Dame's
It is not just the economy that is
However, the emotions are less about the building itself than about
And it will be rebuilt. It will never be the same, but that is as it should be.
Pedestrians only
The concept of traffic-free shopping areas goes back a long time. During the Middle Ages, traffic-free shopping areas were built to allow people to shop in comfort and, more importantly, safety. The modern, traffic-free shopping street was born in Europe in the 1960s, when both city populations and car ownership increased rapidly. Dirty exhaust fumes from cars and the risks involved in crossing the road were beginning to make shopping an unpleasant and dangerous experience. Many believed the time was right for experimenting with car-free streets, and shopping areas seemed the best place to start.
At first, there was resistance from shopkeepers. They believed that such a move would be bad for business. They argued that people would avoid streets if they were unable to get to them in their cars. When the first streets in Europe were closed to traffic, there were even noisy demonstrations, as many shopkeepers predicted they would lose customers.
However, research carried out afterwards in several European cities revealed some unexpected statistics. In Munich, Cologne and Hamburg, visitors to shopping areas increased by 50 percent. On Copenhagen’s main shopping street, shopkeepers reported sales increases of 25-40 percent. Shopkeepers in Minneapolis, USA, were so impressed when they learnt this that they even offered to pay for the construction and maintenance costs of their own traffic-free streets.
With the arrival of the traffic-free shopping street, many shops, especially those selling things like clothes, food and smaller luxury items, prospered. Unfortunately, it wasn’t good news for everyone, as shops selling furniture and larger electrical appliances actually saw their sales drop. Many of these were forced to move elsewhere, away from the city centre. Today they are a common feature on the outskirts of towns and cities, often situated in out-of-town retail zones with their own car parks and other local facilities.
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